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    Table of Contents — December 01, 2019, 40 (12) | American Journal of Neuroradiology  
    
















    





















    
  
  




    
    

  

      


    

      

  
  
  

    

  

    

  

                
    

      

  

    

  
      
  
  

    


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Table of Contents
  	
      
December 01, 2019; Volume 40,Issue 12 

  
  
   

  
  



  


  
  



			

		

	
	
 	
	  
  

		
		

			

			  

  
      
  
  

    
Perspectives
  • 
  
  
  
      
    
  
      Perspectives  
    	
    Yulia Bronstein
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 1977; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.P0073 
    
  
  
  

    

Review Articles
Clinical Vignette
General Contents
  • 
  
  
      
    Patient Safety 
    
  
      
    
  
      Safety and Diagnostic Efficacy of Gadobenate Dimeglumine in MRI of the Brain and Spine of Neonates and Infants  
    	
    D.S. Enterline, K.W Martin, H.A Parmar, F.M Triulzi and C. Colosimo
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2001-2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6319 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICESpine 
    
  
      
    
  
      Anatomy of the Great Posterior Radiculomedullary Artery  
    	
    V.H. Perez Perez, J. Hernesniemi and J.E. Small
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2010-2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6304 
    
  
    	
    The authors describe the microsurgical anatomy of the great posterior radiculomedullary artery with emphasis on its morphometric parameters as well as its implications for spinal cord blood supply. The artery of Adamkiewicz in spinal cord specimens (n = 50) was injected with colored latex until the small-caliber arterial vessels were filled and the great posterior radiculomedullary artery was identified. The course, diameter, and location of great posterior radiculomedullary artery were documented. A great posterior radiculomedullary artery was identified in 36 (72%) spinal cord specimens. In 11 (22%) specimens, bilateral great posterior radiculomedullary arteries were present. In 13 cases (26%), a unilateral left-sided great posterior radiculomedullary artery was identified. In 11 cases (22%), a unilateral right-sided great posterior radiculomedullary artery was identified.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Intracranial Atherosclerotic Burden on 7T MRI Is Associated with Markers of Extracranial Atherosclerosis: The SMART-MR Study  
    	
    M.H.T. Zwartbol, M.I. Geerlings, R. Ghaznawi, J. Hendrikse, A.G. van der Kolk and on behalf of the UCC-SMART Study Group
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2016-2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6308 
    
  
    	
    Intracranial atherosclerosis, a major risk factor for ischemic stroke, is thought to have different atherogenic mechanisms than extracranial atherosclerosis. Studies investigating their relationship in vivo are sparse and report inconsistent results. Within the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease–Magnetic Resonance (SMART) Study, cross-sectional analyses were performed in 130 patients with a history of vascular disease and with assessable 7T intracranial vessel wall MR imaging data. Intracranial atherosclerosis burden was defined as the number of intracranial vessel wall lesions in the circle of Willis and its major branches. Significant associations were observed between higher intracranial atherosclerosis burden and carotid intima-media thickness, 50%–100% carotid stenosis versus no stenosis, ankle-brachial index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. No significant differences in intracranial atherosclerosis burden were found among different categories of vascular disease.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Commentary 
    
  
      
    
  
      Intracranial and Extracranial Atherosclerosis: More Similar Than Different?  
    	
    L.L. Chan
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2023-2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6349 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Qualitative Assessment and Reporting Quality of Intracranial Vessel Wall MR Imaging Studies: A Systematic Review  
    	
    J.W. Song, S.C. Guiry, H. Shou, S. Wang, W.R. Witschey, S.R. Messé, S.E. Kasner and L.A. Loevner
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2025-2032; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6317 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Automated ASPECTS in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Comparative Analysis with CT Perfusion  
    	
    V.K. Sundaram, J. Goldstein, D. Wheelwright, A. Aggarwal, P.S. Pawha, A. Doshi, J.T. Fifi, R. De Leacy, J. Mocco, J. Puig and K. Nael
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2033-2038; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6303 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Are Linear Measurements of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Suitable as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease?  
    	
    K.D. Jethwa, P. Dhillon, D. Meng, D.P. Auer and for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2039-2044; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6313 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      DWI for Monitoring the Acute Response of Malignant Gliomas to Photodynamic Therapy  
    	
    Y. Fujita, T. Sasayama, K. Tanaka, K. Kyotani, H. Nagashima, M. Kohta, H. Kimura, A. Fujita and E. Kohmura
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2045-2051; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6300 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Prognostic Predictions for Patients with Glioblastoma after Standard Treatment: Application of Contrast Leakage Information from DSC-MRI within Nonenhancing FLAIR High-Signal-Intensity Lesions  
    	
    S.H. Kim, K.H. Cho, S.H. Choi, T.M. Kim, C.K. Park, S.H. Park, J.K. Won, I.H. Kim and S.T. Lee
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2052-2058; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6297 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Quantification of Iodine Leakage on Dual-Energy CT as a Marker of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Traumatic Hemorrhagic Contusions: Prediction of Surgical Intervention for Intracranial Pressure Management  
    	
    U.K. Bodanapally, K. Shanmuganathan, Y.P. Gunjan, G. Schwartzbauer, R. Kondaveti and T.R. Feiter
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2059-2065; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6316 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Angiographic Analysis of Natural Anastomoses between the Posterior and Anterior Cerebral Arteries in Moyamoya Disease and Syndrome  
    	
    S. Bonasia, G. Ciccio, S. Smajda, A.G. Weil, C. Chaalala, R. Blanc, M. Reinert, M. Piotin, M. Bojanowski and T. Robert
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2066-2072; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6291 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Validation of Highly Accelerated Wave–CAIPI SWI Compared with Conventional SWI and T2*-Weighted Gradient Recalled-Echo for Routine Clinical Brain MRI at 3T  
    	
    J. Conklin, M.G.F. Longo, S.F. Cauley, K. Setsompop, R.G. González, P.W. Schaefer, J.E. Kirsch, O. Rapalino and S.Y. Huang
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2073-2080; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6295 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Adult Brain 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Volumetry of Mesiotemporal Structures Reflects Serostatus in Patients with Limbic Encephalitis  
    	
    L. Ernst, B. David, J. Gaubatz, I. Domínguez-Narciso, G. Lüchters, A.J. Becker, B. Weber, E. Hattingen, C.E. Elger and T. Rüber
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2081-2089; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6289 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBAdult Brain 
    
  
      
    
  
      Prevalence of Asymptomatic Middle Cranial Fossa Floor Pits and Encephaloceles on MR Imaging  
    	
    J.C. Benson, J. Lane, J.R. Geske, J.V. Gompel and K.N. Krecke
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2090-2093; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6311 
    
  
    	
    A retrospective review was completed of high-resolution axial T2WI for internal auditory canal protocol imaging. The presence and laterality of middle cranial fossa pits (small bony defects containing CSF) and encephaloceles (brain parenchyma protrusion through osseous defects with or without bony remodeling) were recorded. A total of 203 patients were included in the final cohort; 106 (52.2%) were women. Forty-five (22.2%) patients had middle cranial fossa pits: 14 (31.1%) unilateral on the right, 17 (37.8%) unilateral on the left, and 14 (31.1%) bilateral. Ten (5.0%) patients had one or more encephaloceles, none of whom had a documented history of seizure in the electronic medical record. The incidence of such findings should be taken into account when identifying or treating such lesions as possible epileptogenic foci.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Interventional 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Outcome Study of the Pipeline Embolization Device with Shield Technology in Unruptured Aneurysms (PEDSU)  
    	
    D. Atasoy, N. Kandasamy, J. Hart, J. Lynch, S.-H. Yang, D. Walsh, C. Tolias and T.C. Booth
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2094-2101; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6314 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Interventional 
    
  
      
    
  
      Comparing Morphology and Hemodynamics of Stable-versus-Growing and Grown Intracranial Aneurysms  
    	
    E.L. Leemans, B.M.W. Cornelissen, C.H. Slump, C.B.L.M. Majoie, J.R. Cebral and H.A. Marquering
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2102-2110; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6307 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEInterventional 
    
  
      
    
  
      Identification of Vortex Cores in Cerebral Aneurysms on 4D Flow MRI  
    	
    K. Futami, T. Uno, K. Misaki, S. Tamai, I. Nambu, N. Uchiyama and M. Nakada
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2111-2116; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6322 
    
  
    	
    The authors subjected 40 aneurysms (37 unruptured, 3 ruptured) to 4D flow MR imaging. They visualized streamlines with velocities below the threshold—that is, a percentage value of the aneurysm maximum inflow velocity—and progressively decreased the threshold to identify vortex cores as thin, streamline bundles with minimum velocities. A simple flow pattern (single vortex core) was identified in 27 aneurysms; the other 13 exhibited a complex flow pattern. The cores were stable in 32 and unstable in 8 aneurysms. Significantly more aneurysms with-than-without blebs or daughter sacs had a complex flow pattern. The identification of vortex cores on 4D flow MR imaging may help to stratify the rupture risk of unruptured cerebral aneurysms.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Interventional 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      How Flow Reduction Influences the Intracranial Aneurysm Occlusion: A Prospective 4D Phase-Contrast MRI Study  
    	
    O. Brina, P. Bouillot, P. Reymond, A.S. Luthman, C. Santarosa, M. Fahrat, K.O. Lovblad, P. Machi, B.M.A. Delattre, V.M. Pereira and M.I. Vargas
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2117-2123; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6312 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Interventional 
    
  
      
    
  
      Optimizing the Quality of 4D-DSA Temporal Information  
    	
    K.L. Ruedinger, E.C. Harvey, S. Schafer, M.A. Speidel and C.M. Strother
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2124-2129; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6290 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Interventional 
    
  
      
    
  
      The Influence of Angioarchitectural Features on the Success of Endovascular Embolization of Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas with Onyx  
    	
    D.F. Vollherbst, C. Herweh, S. Schönenberger, F. Seker, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M.A. Möhlenbruch
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2130-2136; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6326 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBPediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Ultra-High-Field Targeted Imaging of Focal Cortical Dysplasia: The Intracortical Black Line Sign in Type IIb  
    	
    E. Bartolini, M. Cosottini, M. Costagli, C. Barba, L. Tassi, R. Spreafico, R. Garbelli, L. Biagi, A. Buccoliero, F. Giordano and R. Guerrini
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2137-2142; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6298 
    
  
    	
    Between 2013 and 2019, the authors performed a standardized 7T MR imaging protocol in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. They focused on 12 patients in whom postsurgical histopathology revealed focal cortical dysplasia and explored the diagnostic yield of preoperative 7T versus 1.5/3T MR imaging and the correlations of imaging findings with histopathology. They observed clear abnormalities in 10/12 patients using 7T versus 9/12 revealed by 1.5/3T MR imaging. In patients with focal cortical dysplasia I, 7T MR imaging did not disclose morphologic abnormalities (n= 0/2). In patients with focal cortical dysplasia II, 7T uncovered morphologic signs that were not visible on clinical imaging in 1 patient with focal cortical dysplasia IIa (n= 1/4) and in all those with focal cortical dysplasia IIb (n= 6/6). T2*WI provided the highest added value. The authors conclude that the high sensitivity of 7T T2*-weighted images provides an additional tool in defining potential morphologic markers of high epileptogenicity within the dysplastic tissue of focal cortical dysplasia IIb and will likely help to more precisely plan epilepsy surgery.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Cost and Utility of Routine Contrast-Enhanced Neck MRA in a Pediatric MRI Stroke Evaluation Protocol  
    	
    A. Baltensperger, D. Mirsky, J. Maloney, I. Neuberger, L. Fenton, T. Bernard, J. Borgstede and N. Stence
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2143-2145; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6315 
    
  
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Topological Alterations of the Structural Brain Connectivity Network in Children with Juvenile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis  
    	
    T. Roine, U. Roine, A. Tokola, M.H. Balk, M. Mannerkoski, L. Åberg, T. Lönnqvist and T. Autti
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2146-2153; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6306 
    
  
  
  

    

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    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBPediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Cerebellar Heterotopias: Expanding the Phenotype of Cerebellar Dysgenesis in CHARGE Syndrome  
    	
    J.N. Wright, J. Rutledge, D. Doherty and F. Perez
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2154-2160; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6280 
    
  
    	
    The authors performed a retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence and characteristic features of cerebellar heterotopias in 35 patients with CHARGE syndrome with available brain MR imaging studies, as well as to evaluate additional features of cerebellar dysgenesis. Cerebellar heterotopias were identified in 27/35 (77%) patients with CHARGE, characteristic in both location and appearance. Additional features of cerebellar dysgenesis were present in 31/34 evaluable patients (91%), including inferior vermian hypoplasia (90%), anteromedial rotation of the inferior tonsils (90%), and disorganized foliation of the cerebellar hemispheres (74%) or superior vermis (16%). Patients with CHARGE syndrome have a high prevalence of characteristic cerebellar heterotopias.
    
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      White Matter Injury and Structural Anomalies in Infants with Prenatal Opioid Exposure  
    	
    S.L. Merhar, N.A. Parikh, A. Braimah, B.B. Poindexter, J. Tkach and B. Kline-Fath
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2161-2165; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6282 
    
  
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    
  
      Intraspinal Paragonimiasis in Children: MRI Findings and Suggestions for Pathogenesis  
    	
    Y. Qin, J. Cai, W. Ji, X. Chen, L. Tian, S. Jun, L. Wang and X. He
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) 2166-2171; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6296 
    
  
  
  

    

Online Features
Erratum
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    Erratum 
    
  
      
    
  
      Erratum  
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology December 2019, 40 (12) E71; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6353 
    
  
  
  

    

  


  
  



  
      
  
  

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