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<meta name="DC.Description" content="The interpretation of conventional spin-echo and gradient-echo MR images of intracranial vascular lesions can be complex and ambiguous owing to variable effects on image intensity caused by flowing blood or thrombus. MR phase images, obtained simultaneously with conventional-magnitude images, are useful for evaluating proton motion (i.e., blood flow), and therefore can simplify the diagnosis of the presence or absence of thrombosis within a vascular structure or lesion. Fourteen patients with a variety of intracranial vascular abnormalities (aneurysms, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, neoplasms adjacent to venous sinuses, and vascular malformations) were evaluated with conventional MR and phase imaging for the presence of blood flow. The phase images correlated with angiography in all cases. Phase imaging was not necessarily better than conventional spin-echo imaging in all cases, but it simplified the evaluation of thrombus vs blood flow in many. In three of five aneurysms, the phase images were diagnostic for evaluating lumen patency whereas the conventional images were ambiguous. Phase imaging was advantageous for detecting tumor invasion of the venous sinus when venous blood was enhanced by gadopentetate dimeglumine. A laminar flow phantom experiment determined the lower limits of sensitivity of phase imaging to be 0.5 cm/sec in the slice-select and 2.5 cm/sec in the read gradient directions.

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<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;The interpretation of conventional spin-echo and gradient-echo MR images of intracranial vascular lesions can be complex and ambiguous owing to variable effects on image intensity caused by flowing blood or thrombus. MR phase images, obtained simultaneously with conventional-magnitude images, are useful for evaluating proton motion (i.e., blood flow), and therefore can simplify the diagnosis of the presence or absence of thrombosis within a vascular structure or lesion. Fourteen patients with a variety of intracranial vascular abnormalities (aneurysms, superior sagittal sinus thrombosis, neoplasms adjacent to venous sinuses, and vascular malformations) were evaluated with conventional MR and phase imaging for the presence of blood flow. The phase images correlated with angiography in all cases. Phase imaging was not necessarily better than conventional spin-echo imaging in all cases, but it simplified the evaluation of thrombus vs blood flow in many. In three of five aneurysms, the phase images were diagnostic for evaluating lumen patency whereas the conventional images were ambiguous. Phase imaging was advantageous for detecting tumor invasion of the venous sinus when venous blood was enhanced by gadopentetate dimeglumine. A laminar flow phantom experiment determined the lower limits of sensitivity of phase imaging to be 0.5 cm/sec in the slice-select and 2.5 cm/sec in the read gradient directions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Phase imaging is a simple, reliable technique that can distinguish thrombosis from flowing blood within intracranial lesions. It is easily performed and adds no additional time to the MR examination.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Articles</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Intracranial Vascular Abnormalities: Value of MR Phase Imaging to Distinguish Thrombus from Flowing Blood</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Lyn Nadel</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Ira F. Braun</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Kenneth A. Kraft</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Panos P. Fatouros</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Fred J. Laine</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 1990,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">11 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1133-1140; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-13494--81007492036" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Lyn Nadel </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>1</span> Department of Radiology, (R-109), University of Miami School of Medicine, P.O. Box 010960, Miami, FL 33101. Address reprint requests to L. 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Braun </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>2</span> Department of Radiology, Baptist Hospital of Miami, 8900 N. 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Kraft </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>3</span> Division of Radiation Physics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Kenneth%2BA.%2BKraft%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kraft%20KA&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AKenneth%2BA.%2BKraft%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Panos P. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="contributors"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1"><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1"><span class="name">Lyn Nadel</span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">1</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-2"><span class="name">Ira F. Braun</span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">2</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-3"><span class="name">Kenneth A. Kraft</span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">3</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-4"><span class="name">Panos P. Fatouros</span><a id="xref-aff-3-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">3</a> and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-5"><span class="name">Fred J. Laine</span><a id="xref-aff-4-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-4">4</a></li></ol><ol class="affiliation-list"><li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address><sup>1</sup> Department of Radiology, (R-109), University of Miami School of Medicine, P.O. Box 010960, Miami, FL 33101. Address reprint requests to L. Nadel.</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address><sup>2</sup> Department of Radiology, Baptist Hospital of Miami, 8900 N. Kendall Dr., Miami, FL 33176-2197.</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address><sup>3</sup> Division of Radiation Physics, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298.</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a><address><sup>4</sup> Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298.</address></li></ol></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 11</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 6 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Nov 1990 </div></div>
      
      
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