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<meta name="DC.Title" content="An in vitro study of magnetization transfer and relaxation rates of hematoma." />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="1993-07-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="PURPOSE To assess, in an in vitro model of acute hematoma, whether hemoglobin immobilization by clot and red cell membrane aging can account for the T2 shortening usually attributed to deoxyhemoglobin.

METHODS Clotted and heparinized blood samples were packed (100% hematocrit). The apparent magnetization transfer rate (AMTR), T1 and T2 relaxation rates of the samples, and images with a volunteer's head were obtained at 1.5 T.

RESULTS The AMTR and T1 and T2 relaxation rates were unaffected by the presence of clot. The AMTR was unaffected by red cell aging. The diamagnetic packed blood samples, which are much denser than brain, were isointense to gray matter on T2-weighted images and had about one-fifth the AMTR of white matter.

CONCLUSIONS Hemoglobin immobilization by clot structure or red cell contraction with aging is insignificant and does not contribute to the T2 shortening of acute hematoma. The low AMTR and T2 relaxation rates of diamagnetic blood appear to be caused by the mobility of hemoglobin and by the red cell's lack of immobile macromolecular structures such as those associated with nucleated brain cells." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J M Gomori" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R I Grossman" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T Asakura" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M D Schnall" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S Atlas" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G Holland" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R L Mittl" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="1993-07-01" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="An in vitro study of magnetization transfer and relaxation rates of hematoma." />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;PURPOSE&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To assess, in an in vitro model of acute hematoma, whether hemoglobin immobilization by clot and red cell membrane aging can account for the T2 shortening usually attributed to deoxyhemoglobin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Clotted and heparinized blood samples were packed (100% hematocrit). The apparent magnetization transfer rate (AMTR), T1 and T2 relaxation rates of the samples, and images with a volunteer9s head were obtained at 1.5 T.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The AMTR and T1 and T2 relaxation rates were unaffected by the presence of clot. The AMTR was unaffected by red cell aging. The diamagnetic packed blood samples, which are much denser than brain, were isointense to gray matter on T2-weighted images and had about one-fifth the AMTR of white matter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hemoglobin immobilization by clot structure or red cell contraction with aging is insignificant and does not contribute to the T2 shortening of acute hematoma. The low AMTR and T2 relaxation rates of diamagnetic blood appear to be caused by the mobility of hemoglobin and by the red cell9s lack of immobile macromolecular structures such as those associated with nucleated brain cells.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="J M Gomori" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="R I Grossman" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="T Asakura" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="M D Schnall" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="S Atlas" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="G Holland" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104." />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="An in vitro study of magnetization transfer and relaxation rates of hematoma." />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="PURPOSE To assess, in an in vitro model of acute hematoma, whether hemoglobin immobilization by clot and red cell membrane aging can account for the T2 shortening usually attributed to deoxyhemoglobin.

METHODS Clotted and heparinized blood samples were packed (100% hematocrit). The apparent magnetization transfer rate (AMTR), T1 and T2 relaxation rates of the samples, and images with a volunteer's head were obtained at 1.5 T.

RESULTS The AMTR and T1 and T2 relaxation rates were unaffected by the presence of clot. The AMTR was unaffected by red cell aging. The diamagnetic packed blood samples, which are much denser than brain, were isointense to gray matter on T2-weighted images and had about one-fifth the AMTR of white matter.

CONCLUSIONS Hemoglobin immobilization by clot structure or red cell contraction with aging is insignificant and does not contribute to the T2 shortening of acute hematoma. The low AMTR and T2 relaxation rates of diamagnetic blood appear to be caused by the mobility of hemoglobin and by the red cell's lack of immobile macromolecular structures such as those associated with nucleated brain cells." />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="PURPOSE To assess, in an in vitro model of acute hematoma, whether hemoglobin immobilization by clot and red cell membrane aging can account for the T2 shortening usually attributed to deoxyhemoglobin.

METHODS Clotted and heparinized blood samples were packed (100% hematocrit). The apparent magnetization transfer rate (AMTR), T1 and T2 relaxation rates of the samples, and images with a volunteer's head were obtained at 1.5 T.

RESULTS The AMTR and T1 and T2 relaxation rates were unaffected by the presence of clot. The AMTR was unaffected by red cell aging. The diamagnetic packed blood samples, which are much denser than brain, were isointense to gray matter on T2-weighted images and had about one-fifth the AMTR of white matter.

CONCLUSIONS Hemoglobin immobilization by clot structure or red cell contraction with aging is insignificant and does not contribute to the T2 shortening of acute hematoma. The low AMTR and T2 relaxation rates of diamagnetic blood appear to be caused by the mobility of hemoglobin and by the red cell's lack of immobile macromolecular structures such as those associated with nucleated brain cells." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">An in vitro study of magnetization transfer and relaxation rates of hematoma.</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J M Gomori</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">R I Grossman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">T Asakura</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">M D Schnall</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">S Atlas</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">G Holland</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">R L Mittl</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">July 1993,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">14 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">871-880; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-5809--61262623759" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J M Gomori </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J%2BM%2BGomori%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gomori%20JM&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ%2BM%2BGomori%2B" 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 1993, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">14 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">871-880; </span></div>
  
  
  
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