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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula presenting only with cranial nerve palsies." />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="1993-09-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="PURPOSE To discuss the differences in angiographic findings between cases of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula with and without the classical triad of symptoms (pulsating exophthalmos, bruit, and conjunctival chemosis).

METHODS With CT, MR, and angiography, we examined 12 cases of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula, five of whom presented only with cranial nerve palsies.

RESULTS In the seven cases with the triad, the main venous drainage from the cavernous sinus was the superior ophthalmic vein. Only one or two veins drained the cavernous sinus, and cortical venous drainage was not present in any case. In contrast, all but one case with only cranial nerve palsies had at least three venous drainage routes from the cavernous sinus, including cortical venous drainage.

CONCLUSION For the diagnoses of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula, it is important to know that some patients do not show the classical triad of symptoms. In such patients, early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important because cortical venous drainage and a consequent risk of hemorrhage are frequently present." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A Kurata" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M Takano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K Tokiwa" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y Miyasaka" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K Yada" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S Kan" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="1993-09-01" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula presenting only with cranial nerve palsies." />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;PURPOSE&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To discuss the differences in angiographic findings between cases of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula with and without the classical triad of symptoms (pulsating exophthalmos, bruit, and conjunctival chemosis).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With CT, MR, and angiography, we examined 12 cases of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula, five of whom presented only with cranial nerve palsies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the seven cases with the triad, the main venous drainage from the cavernous sinus was the superior ophthalmic vein. Only one or two veins drained the cavernous sinus, and cortical venous drainage was not present in any case. In contrast, all but one case with only cranial nerve palsies had at least three venous drainage routes from the cavernous sinus, including cortical venous drainage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For the diagnoses of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula, it is important to know that some patients do not show the classical triad of symptoms. In such patients, early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important because cortical venous drainage and a consequent risk of hemorrhage are frequently present.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="A Kurata" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="M Takano" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="K Tokiwa" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Y Miyasaka" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="K Yada" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula presenting only with cranial nerve palsies." />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="PURPOSE To discuss the differences in angiographic findings between cases of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula with and without the classical triad of symptoms (pulsating exophthalmos, bruit, and conjunctival chemosis).

METHODS With CT, MR, and angiography, we examined 12 cases of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula, five of whom presented only with cranial nerve palsies.

RESULTS In the seven cases with the triad, the main venous drainage from the cavernous sinus was the superior ophthalmic vein. Only one or two veins drained the cavernous sinus, and cortical venous drainage was not present in any case. In contrast, all but one case with only cranial nerve palsies had at least three venous drainage routes from the cavernous sinus, including cortical venous drainage.

CONCLUSION For the diagnoses of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula, it is important to know that some patients do not show the classical triad of symptoms. In such patients, early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important because cortical venous drainage and a consequent risk of hemorrhage are frequently present." />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula presenting only with cranial nerve palsies." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="PURPOSE To discuss the differences in angiographic findings between cases of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula with and without the classical triad of symptoms (pulsating exophthalmos, bruit, and conjunctival chemosis).

METHODS With CT, MR, and angiography, we examined 12 cases of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula, five of whom presented only with cranial nerve palsies.

RESULTS In the seven cases with the triad, the main venous drainage from the cavernous sinus was the superior ophthalmic vein. Only one or two veins drained the cavernous sinus, and cortical venous drainage was not present in any case. In contrast, all but one case with only cranial nerve palsies had at least three venous drainage routes from the cavernous sinus, including cortical venous drainage.

CONCLUSION For the diagnoses of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula, it is important to know that some patients do not show the classical triad of symptoms. In such patients, early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important because cortical venous drainage and a consequent risk of hemorrhage are frequently present." />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Abstract</span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula presenting only with cranial nerve palsies.</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">A Kurata</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">M Takano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">K Tokiwa</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Y Miyasaka</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">K Yada</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">S Kan</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">September 1993,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">14 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1097-1101; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-5863--81409580670" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A Kurata </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A%2BKurata%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kurata%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA%2BKurata%2B" 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          <a href="/content/14/5" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">American Journal of Neuroradiology</span></a>      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 14</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 5 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Sep 1993 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Sep 1993, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">14 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1097-1101; </span></div>
  
  
  
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