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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Development of posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb: morphological and radiologic study." />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="1994-11-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="PURPOSE To report the anatomic and radiologic development of the transverse, sigmoid, and occipital sinuses, the emissary veins, and the jugular bulb formation from the jugular sinus in humans before and after birth.

METHODS Roentgenograms of 33 injected brains showing the cranial venous system in human fetuses from 3 to 7 months of gestational age and cerebral angiograms of newborns and infants up to 6 years of age (23 clinical cases) were made and analyzed in detail. Special attention was focused on the inner diameters of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses and of the internal jugular veins, particularly at the sigmoid sinus-internal jugular vein junction.

RESULTS Marked increase in venous flow from the rapidly growing cerebral hemispheres leads to ballooning of the transverse sinuses in the absence of an increase in the inner diameters of the sigmoid and jugular sinuses. The ballooning also results in formation of the occipital sinus, marginal sinus around the foramen magnum, and emissary veins. The formation of the jugular bulbs from the jugular sinuses begins after birth when a shift from a fetal to a postnatal type of circulation (or from a lying-down position to an erect posture) takes place.

CONCLUSION The morphological changes of the posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb are closely related to the development of the brain, shift to postnatal type of circulation, and postural hemodynamic changes." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T Okudera" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y P Huang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T Ohta" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A Yokota" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y Nakamura" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F Maehara" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H Utsunomiya" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K Uemura" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H Fukasawa" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="1994-11-01" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Development of posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb: morphological and radiologic study." />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;PURPOSE&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;To report the anatomic and radiologic development of the transverse, sigmoid, and occipital sinuses, the emissary veins, and the jugular bulb formation from the jugular sinus in humans before and after birth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Roentgenograms of 33 injected brains showing the cranial venous system in human fetuses from 3 to 7 months of gestational age and cerebral angiograms of newborns and infants up to 6 years of age (23 clinical cases) were made and analyzed in detail. Special attention was focused on the inner diameters of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses and of the internal jugular veins, particularly at the sigmoid sinus-internal jugular vein junction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Marked increase in venous flow from the rapidly growing cerebral hemispheres leads to ballooning of the transverse sinuses in the absence of an increase in the inner diameters of the sigmoid and jugular sinuses. The ballooning also results in formation of the occipital sinus, marginal sinus around the foramen magnum, and emissary veins. The formation of the jugular bulbs from the jugular sinuses begins after birth when a shift from a fetal to a postnatal type of circulation (or from a lying-down position to an erect posture) takes place.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The morphological changes of the posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb are closely related to the development of the brain, shift to postnatal type of circulation, and postural hemodynamic changes.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="T Okudera" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Y P Huang" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="T Ohta" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="A Yokota" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Y Nakamura" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="F Maehara" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Japan." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="H Utsunomiya" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="K Uemura" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="Department of Radiology, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Japan." />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Development of posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb: morphological and radiologic study." />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="PURPOSE To report the anatomic and radiologic development of the transverse, sigmoid, and occipital sinuses, the emissary veins, and the jugular bulb formation from the jugular sinus in humans before and after birth.

METHODS Roentgenograms of 33 injected brains showing the cranial venous system in human fetuses from 3 to 7 months of gestational age and cerebral angiograms of newborns and infants up to 6 years of age (23 clinical cases) were made and analyzed in detail. Special attention was focused on the inner diameters of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses and of the internal jugular veins, particularly at the sigmoid sinus-internal jugular vein junction.

RESULTS Marked increase in venous flow from the rapidly growing cerebral hemispheres leads to ballooning of the transverse sinuses in the absence of an increase in the inner diameters of the sigmoid and jugular sinuses. The ballooning also results in formation of the occipital sinus, marginal sinus around the foramen magnum, and emissary veins. The formation of the jugular bulbs from the jugular sinuses begins after birth when a shift from a fetal to a postnatal type of circulation (or from a lying-down position to an erect posture) takes place.

CONCLUSION The morphological changes of the posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb are closely related to the development of the brain, shift to postnatal type of circulation, and postural hemodynamic changes." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="PURPOSE To report the anatomic and radiologic development of the transverse, sigmoid, and occipital sinuses, the emissary veins, and the jugular bulb formation from the jugular sinus in humans before and after birth.

METHODS Roentgenograms of 33 injected brains showing the cranial venous system in human fetuses from 3 to 7 months of gestational age and cerebral angiograms of newborns and infants up to 6 years of age (23 clinical cases) were made and analyzed in detail. Special attention was focused on the inner diameters of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses and of the internal jugular veins, particularly at the sigmoid sinus-internal jugular vein junction.

RESULTS Marked increase in venous flow from the rapidly growing cerebral hemispheres leads to ballooning of the transverse sinuses in the absence of an increase in the inner diameters of the sigmoid and jugular sinuses. The ballooning also results in formation of the occipital sinus, marginal sinus around the foramen magnum, and emissary veins. The formation of the jugular bulbs from the jugular sinuses begins after birth when a shift from a fetal to a postnatal type of circulation (or from a lying-down position to an erect posture) takes place.

CONCLUSION The morphological changes of the posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb are closely related to the development of the brain, shift to postnatal type of circulation, and postural hemodynamic changes." />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node6189--5" data-node-nid="6189" id="top-node-6189--61080805329" data-pisa="ajnr;15/10/1871" data-pisa-master="ajnr;15/10/1871" data-apath="/ajnr/15/10/1871.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Development of posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb: morphological and radiologic study.</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">T Okudera</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Y P Huang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">T Ohta</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A Yokota</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Y Nakamura</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">F Maehara</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">H Utsunomiya</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">K Uemura</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">H Fukasawa</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 1994,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">15 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1871-1883; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-6189--61080805329" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T Okudera </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'>Department of Radiology, Akita Research Institute of Brain and Blood Vessels, Japan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T%2BOkudera%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Okudera%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AT%2BOkudera%2B" rel="nofollow" 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          <p id="p-1"><strong>PURPOSE</strong> To report the anatomic and radiologic development of the transverse, sigmoid, and occipital sinuses, the emissary veins, and the jugular bulb formation from the jugular sinus in humans before and after birth.</p>
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          <p id="p-2"><strong>METHODS</strong> Roentgenograms of 33 injected brains showing the cranial venous system in human fetuses from 3 to 7 months of gestational age and cerebral angiograms of newborns and infants up to 6 years of age (23 clinical cases) were made and analyzed in detail. Special attention was focused on the inner diameters of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses and of the internal jugular veins, particularly at the sigmoid sinus-internal jugular vein junction.</p>
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          <p id="p-3"><strong>RESULTS</strong> Marked increase in venous flow from the rapidly growing cerebral hemispheres leads to ballooning of the transverse sinuses in the absence of an increase in the inner diameters of the sigmoid and jugular sinuses. The ballooning also results in formation of the occipital sinus, marginal sinus around the foramen magnum, and emissary veins. The formation of the jugular bulbs from the jugular sinuses begins after birth when a shift from a fetal to a postnatal type of circulation (or from a lying-down position to an erect posture) takes place.</p>
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          <p id="p-4"><strong>CONCLUSION</strong> The morphological changes of the posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb are closely related to the development of the brain, shift to postnatal type of circulation, and postural hemodynamic changes.</p>
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 15</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 10 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Nov 1994 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Development of posterior fossa dural sinuses, emissary veins, and jugular bulb: morphological and radiologic study.</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 1994, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">15 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1871-1883; </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 1994, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">15 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1871-1883; </span></div>
  
  
  
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