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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Air bag-related deaths and serious injuries in children: injury patterns and imaging findings." />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="1998-10-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE As of November 1, 1997, automotive air-bag deployments occurring in low-speed collisions had resulted in the deaths of 49 children and in the serious injuries of 19 children in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of injury occurring in this new mechanism of pediatric trauma.

METHODS In search of common patterns of injury, three pediatric radiologists retrospectively evaluated the available autopsy and imaging studies in 11 such cases not previously reported in the medical literature, in addition to three published case studies.

RESULTS The cause of death or serious injury in every case was the direct result of neurologic injury. Injury patterns differed according to the child's age and type of restraint used at the time of collision. Crush injury to the skull predominated in infant victims traveling in rear-facing child safety seats, and both cranial and cervical spine trauma occurred in older children traveling restrained, improperly restrained, or unrestrained in the vehicle's front passenger seat.

CONCLUSION Air-bag systems pose a potentially fatal threat to the front-seat child passenger. This is directly related to the biomechanics at impact placing the child closer to the deploying air bag. An understanding of the biomechanics provides the radiologist insight into the two types of injury patterns observed." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K W Marshall" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B L Koch" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J C Egelhoff" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="1998-10-01" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Air bag-related deaths and serious injuries in children: injury patterns and imaging findings." />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;As of November 1, 1997, automotive air-bag deployments occurring in low-speed collisions had resulted in the deaths of 49 children and in the serious injuries of 19 children in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of injury occurring in this new mechanism of pediatric trauma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;METHODS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In search of common patterns of injury, three pediatric radiologists retrospectively evaluated the available autopsy and imaging studies in 11 such cases not previously reported in the medical literature, in addition to three published case studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The cause of death or serious injury in every case was the direct result of neurologic injury. Injury patterns differed according to the child9s age and type of restraint used at the time of collision. Crush injury to the skull predominated in infant victims traveling in rear-facing child safety seats, and both cranial and cervical spine trauma occurred in older children traveling restrained, improperly restrained, or unrestrained in the vehicle9s front passenger seat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSION&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Air-bag systems pose a potentially fatal threat to the front-seat child passenger. This is directly related to the biomechanics at impact placing the child closer to the deploying air bag. An understanding of the biomechanics provides the radiologist insight into the two types of injury patterns observed.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="K W Marshall" />
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METHODS In search of common patterns of injury, three pediatric radiologists retrospectively evaluated the available autopsy and imaging studies in 11 such cases not previously reported in the medical literature, in addition to three published case studies.

RESULTS The cause of death or serious injury in every case was the direct result of neurologic injury. Injury patterns differed according to the child's age and type of restraint used at the time of collision. Crush injury to the skull predominated in infant victims traveling in rear-facing child safety seats, and both cranial and cervical spine trauma occurred in older children traveling restrained, improperly restrained, or unrestrained in the vehicle's front passenger seat.

CONCLUSION Air-bag systems pose a potentially fatal threat to the front-seat child passenger. This is directly related to the biomechanics at impact placing the child closer to the deploying air bag. An understanding of the biomechanics provides the radiologist insight into the two types of injury patterns observed." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE As of November 1, 1997, automotive air-bag deployments occurring in low-speed collisions had resulted in the deaths of 49 children and in the serious injuries of 19 children in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of injury occurring in this new mechanism of pediatric trauma.

METHODS In search of common patterns of injury, three pediatric radiologists retrospectively evaluated the available autopsy and imaging studies in 11 such cases not previously reported in the medical literature, in addition to three published case studies.

RESULTS The cause of death or serious injury in every case was the direct result of neurologic injury. Injury patterns differed according to the child's age and type of restraint used at the time of collision. Crush injury to the skull predominated in infant victims traveling in rear-facing child safety seats, and both cranial and cervical spine trauma occurred in older children traveling restrained, improperly restrained, or unrestrained in the vehicle's front passenger seat.

CONCLUSION Air-bag systems pose a potentially fatal threat to the front-seat child passenger. This is directly related to the biomechanics at impact placing the child closer to the deploying air bag. An understanding of the biomechanics provides the radiologist insight into the two types of injury patterns observed." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Air bag-related deaths and serious injuries in children: injury patterns and imaging findings.</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">K W Marshall</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">B L Koch</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">J C Egelhoff</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">October 1998,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">19 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1599-1607; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-1879--61427934425" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K W Marshall </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K%2BW%2BMarshall%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Marshall%20KW&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AK%2BW%2BMarshall%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B L Koch </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B%2BL%2BKoch%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Koch%20BL&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AB%2BL%2BKoch%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J C Egelhoff </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J%2BC%2BEgelhoff%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Egelhoff%20JC&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ%2BC%2BEgelhoff%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 19</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 9 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Oct 1998 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Air bag-related deaths and serious injuries in children: injury patterns and imaging findings.</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">K W</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Marshall</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">B L</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Koch</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J C</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Egelhoff</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 1998, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">19 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(9) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1599-1607; </span></div>
  
  
  
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