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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Visualization of Intravenously Administered Contrast Material in the CSF on Fluid-AttenuatedInversion-Recovery MR Images: An In Vitro and Animal-Model Investigation" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2000-01-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery) pulse sequence has been shown to be sensitive to abnormalities of the subarachnoid space. Our clinical experience led us to investigate whether intravenously injected contrast material can affect the appearance of the subarachnoid space on FLAIR MR images.

METHODS: After noting unexplained high signal in the subarachnoid space on FLAIR images in a patient, we studied two dogs with sequential FLAIR MR imaging after IV administration of contrast material. A third dog was studied with a 6-hour delayed FLAIR sequence after triple-dose (0.3 mmol/kg) IV contrast administration. CSF was obtained from two animals for measurement of gadolinium concentration. A phantom was developed to determine the lowest concentration at which the effects of gadolinium were evident on FLAIR images in vitro.

RESULTS: In all three animals, the appearance of the CSF in the ventricles or subarachnoid space was modified after administration of IV contrast. This was most evident on delayed images. The CSF samples showed a gadolinium concentration of 0.007 mmol/L in the dog who received the 0.1 mmol/kg dose and 0.02 mmol/L in the dog who received a triple dose. In our in vitro phantom experiments, gadolinium effects were evident on FLAIR images at a concentration four times lower than those on T1-weighted images.

CONCLUSION: IV contrast material can cross into the CSF in sufficient concentration to alter the appearance of the subarachnoid space on FLAIR images in normal dogs. Although we encountered two patients with CNS disease in whom enhancement of the CSF was seen on postcontrast FLAIR images, additional investigation is needed in humans to determine whether enhancement may occur at triple dose in healthy subjects." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Alexander C. Mamourian" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Jack Hoopes" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Lionel D. Lewis" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2000-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Visualization of Intravenously Administered Contrast Material in the CSF on Fluid-AttenuatedInversion-Recovery MR Images: An In Vitro and Animal-Model Investigation" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/i&gt; The FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery) pulse sequence has been shown to be sensitive to abnormalities of the subarachnoid space. Our clinical experience led us to investigate whether intravenously injected contrast material can affect the appearance of the subarachnoid space on FLAIR MR images.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;METHODS:&lt;/i&gt; After noting unexplained high signal in the subarachnoid space on FLAIR images in a patient, we studied two dogs with sequential FLAIR MR imaging after IV administration of contrast material. A third dog was studied with a 6-hour delayed FLAIR sequence after triple-dose (0.3 mmol/kg) IV contrast administration. CSF was obtained from two animals for measurement of gadolinium concentration. A phantom was developed to determine the lowest concentration at which the effects of gadolinium were evident on FLAIR images in vitro.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/i&gt; In all three animals, the appearance of the CSF in the ventricles or subarachnoid space was modified after administration of IV contrast. This was most evident on delayed images. The CSF samples showed a gadolinium concentration of 0.007 mmol/L in the dog who received the 0.1 mmol/kg dose and 0.02 mmol/L in the dog who received a triple dose. In our in vitro phantom experiments, gadolinium effects were evident on FLAIR images at a concentration four times lower than those on T1-weighted images.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/i&gt; IV contrast material can cross into the CSF in sufficient concentration to alter the appearance of the subarachnoid space on FLAIR images in normal dogs. Although we encountered two patients with CNS disease in whom enhancement of the CSF was seen on postcontrast FLAIR images, additional investigation is needed in humans to determine whether enhancement may occur at triple dose in healthy subjects.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Alexander C. Mamourian" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Departments of Radiology (A.C.M.), Pathology (P.J.H.), and Clinical Pharmacology (L.D.L.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P. Jack Hoopes" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="From the Departments of Radiology (A.C.M.), Pathology (P.J.H.), and Clinical Pharmacology (L.D.L.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Lionel D. Lewis" />
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<meta name="citation_reference" content="McClennan BL, Becker JA. Cerebrospinal fluid transfer of contrast material at urography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1971;113:427-432" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="Coin CG, Keranen VJ, Pennink M, Ahmad WD. Evidence of CSF enhancement in the spinal subarachnoid space after intravenous contrast medium administration: is intravenous computer assisted myelography possible? J Comput Assist Tomogr 1979;3:267-269" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="Harnish PP, Northington FK, Samuel KA. Diatrizoate levels in cerebrospinal fluid following intravenous administration: role of fluid production rate. Invest Radiol 1988;23:377-380" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="Knutzon RK, Poirier VC, Gerscovich EO, Brock JM, Buonocore M. The effect of intravenous gadolinium on the magnetic resonance appearance of cerebrospinal fluid. Invest Radiol 1991;26:671-673" />
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<meta name="citation_reference" content="Brasch RC, Weinmann H-J, Wesberg GE. Contrast-enhanced NMR imaging: animal studies using gadolinium-DTPA complex. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1984;142:625-630" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="Ketonen K, Hendrick E, Huynh K, Guinto FC, Swischuk L. Effect of anesthesia on vascular enhancement and CSF signal on fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery brain images. In: Proceedings: ASNR, ASHNR, ASPNR, ASITN, ASSR, Joint Meetings, San Diego, 1999. Oak Brook, IL: American Society of Neuroradiology; 1999: 322–323 (Poster #152)" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="Singer MB, Atlas SW, Drayer BP. Subarachnoid space disease: diagnosis with fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR imaging and comparison with gadolinium-enhanced spin-echo MR imaging: blinded reader study. Radiology 1998;208:417-422" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="Mathews VP, Caldemeyer KS, Lowe MJ, Greenspan SL, Weber DM, Ulmer JL. Brain: gadolinium-enhanced fast fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery MR imaging. Radiology 1999;211:257-263" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Visualization of Intravenously Administered Contrast Material in the CSF on Fluid-AttenuatedInversion-Recovery MR Images: An In Vitro and Animal-Model Investigation" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery) pulse sequence has been shown to be sensitive to abnormalities of the subarachnoid space. Our clinical experience led us to investigate whether intravenously injected contrast material can affect the appearance of the subarachnoid space on FLAIR MR images.

METHODS: After noting unexplained high signal in the subarachnoid space on FLAIR images in a patient, we studied two dogs with sequential FLAIR MR imaging after IV administration of contrast material. A third dog was studied with a 6-hour delayed FLAIR sequence after triple-dose (0.3 mmol/kg) IV contrast administration. CSF was obtained from two animals for measurement of gadolinium concentration. A phantom was developed to determine the lowest concentration at which the effects of gadolinium were evident on FLAIR images in vitro.

RESULTS: In all three animals, the appearance of the CSF in the ventricles or subarachnoid space was modified after administration of IV contrast. This was most evident on delayed images. The CSF samples showed a gadolinium concentration of 0.007 mmol/L in the dog who received the 0.1 mmol/kg dose and 0.02 mmol/L in the dog who received a triple dose. In our in vitro phantom experiments, gadolinium effects were evident on FLAIR images at a concentration four times lower than those on T1-weighted images.

CONCLUSION: IV contrast material can cross into the CSF in sufficient concentration to alter the appearance of the subarachnoid space on FLAIR images in normal dogs. Although we encountered two patients with CNS disease in whom enhancement of the CSF was seen on postcontrast FLAIR images, additional investigation is needed in humans to determine whether enhancement may occur at triple dose in healthy subjects." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery) pulse sequence has been shown to be sensitive to abnormalities of the subarachnoid space. Our clinical experience led us to investigate whether intravenously injected contrast material can affect the appearance of the subarachnoid space on FLAIR MR images.

METHODS: After noting unexplained high signal in the subarachnoid space on FLAIR images in a patient, we studied two dogs with sequential FLAIR MR imaging after IV administration of contrast material. A third dog was studied with a 6-hour delayed FLAIR sequence after triple-dose (0.3 mmol/kg) IV contrast administration. CSF was obtained from two animals for measurement of gadolinium concentration. A phantom was developed to determine the lowest concentration at which the effects of gadolinium were evident on FLAIR images in vitro.

RESULTS: In all three animals, the appearance of the CSF in the ventricles or subarachnoid space was modified after administration of IV contrast. This was most evident on delayed images. The CSF samples showed a gadolinium concentration of 0.007 mmol/L in the dog who received the 0.1 mmol/kg dose and 0.02 mmol/L in the dog who received a triple dose. In our in vitro phantom experiments, gadolinium effects were evident on FLAIR images at a concentration four times lower than those on T1-weighted images.

CONCLUSION: IV contrast material can cross into the CSF in sufficient concentration to alter the appearance of the subarachnoid space on FLAIR images in normal dogs. Although we encountered two patients with CNS disease in whom enhancement of the CSF was seen on postcontrast FLAIR images, additional investigation is needed in humans to determine whether enhancement may occur at triple dose in healthy subjects." />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2000,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">21 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">105-111; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-2103--6248584028" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Alexander C. Mamourian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.C.M.), Pathology (P.J.H.), and Clinical Pharmacology (L.D.L.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Alexander%2BC.%2BMamourian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mamourian%20AC&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AAlexander%2BC.%2BMamourian%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Jack Hoopes </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.C.M.), Pathology (P.J.H.), and Clinical Pharmacology (L.D.L.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BJack%2BHoopes%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jack%20Hoopes%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BJack%2BHoopes%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Lionel D. Lewis </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (A.C.M.), Pathology (P.J.H.), and Clinical Pharmacology (L.D.L.), Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Lionel%2BD.%2BLewis%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lewis%20LD&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ALionel%2BD.%2BLewis%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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