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    Proton MR Spectroscopy in Children with Bipolar Affective Disorder: Preliminary Observations | American Journal of Neuroradiology  
    



















    





























    
  
  




    
    

  

      


    

      

  
  
  

    

  

    

  

                
    

      

  

    

  
      
  
  

    


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Research ArticlePEDIATRICS

  
      

  
      
Proton MR Spectroscopy in Children with Bipolar Affective Disorder: Preliminary Observations
  
    	
Mauricio Castillo, Lester Kwock, Helen Courvoisie and Stephen R. Hooper

  
    	
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2000,  21 (5) 832-838; 

  
  
  



  


  
  



			

		

	
	
 	
	  
  

		
		

			

			  

  
      
  
  

    
  


  
  



  
      
  
  

    

  

    

  
      
  
  

    
References
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  2. Steingard RJ,  Renshaw PF,   Yurgelun-Todd D,   et al.  Structural abnormalities in brain magnetic resonance imaging of depressed children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:307-311
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    Kato T,  Takahashi S,  Shioiri T,  Inubushi T.   Alterations in brain phosphorus metabolism in bipolar depression detected by in vivo 31P and 7Li magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Affect Dis 1993;27:53-59
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  4. Kato T,  Inubushi T,  Kato N.   Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in affective disorders. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;10:133-147
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  5. Kato T,  Takahashi S,  Shioiri T,  Inubushi T.   Brain phosphorus metabolism in depressive disorders detected by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Affect Dis 1992;26:223-230
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  6. Sharma R,  Venkatasubramanian Barany M,  Davis JM.   Proton magnetic spectroscopy of the brain in schizophrenic and affective patients. Schizophr Res 1992;8:43-49
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  7. Bottomley PA.   Spatial localization in NMR spectroscopy in vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987;508:376-385
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  9. Woods BT,  Chiu T-K.   In vivo 1H spectroscopy of the human brain following electroconvulsive therapy. Ann Neurol 1990;28:745-749
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  10. Bottern KN,  Fiegal GS.   The neuromorphometry of affective disorders.  In: Krishnan KRR, Doraiswany PM, eds. Brain Imaging in Clinical Psychiatry. New York: Dekker  1997: 145-184
  11. Goodwin FK,  Jamison KR.   Manic-Depressive Illness..  New York: Oxford University Press; 1990:503, 540 
  12. Bottern KN,  Vannier MW,  Geller B,  Tod RP,  Lee BC.   Preliminary study of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics in 8 to 16 year olds with mania. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34:742-749
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  13. Geller B,  Luby J.   Child and adolescent bipolar disorder: a review of the past 10 years. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1997;36:1168-1176
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  14. Kwock L,  Brown M,  Castillo M.   Extraneous lipid contamination in single volume proton spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997;18:1349-1357
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    Minshew NJ,  Goldstein G,  Dombrowski SM,  Panchalingam K,  Pettegrew JW.   A preliminary 31P MRS study of autism: evidence for undersynthesis and increased degradation of brain membranes. Biol Psychiatry 1993;33:762-773
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Proton MR Spectroscopy in Children with Bipolar Affective Disorder: Preliminary Observations
  
    	
Mauricio Castillo, Lester Kwock, Helen Courvoisie, Stephen R. Hooper

  
    	
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2000, 21 (5) 832-838; 

  
  
  



  


  
  



  
      
  
  

    

  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  


  


  
  



  
      
  
  

    
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