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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Small-Vessel Stents for Intracranial Angioplasty: In Vitro Comparison of Different Stent Designs and Sizes by Using CT Angiography" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2003-09-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to evaluate whether CT angiography is a suitable alternative to conventional angiography in the evaluation of small-vessel stents for intracranial angioplasty.

METHODS: CT angiographic appearances of 23 stents of different designs and sizes (2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm) were investigated after they were filled with a solution of 0.9% NaCl or diluted contrast medium. For each stent, artificial lumen narrowing (ALN) was measured, and the difference in the number of pixels with a Hounsfield value below 200 HU between the two filling states, DIFFHU&lt;200, was calculated to provide an objective indicator of the size of the evaluable stent diameter.

RESULTS: With a window width of 1500 HU at a window level of 400 HU, ALN ranged from 66.8% to 97.7% in the group of 2.0-mm stents and from 38.6% to 66.8% in the groups of 3.0- and 4.0-mm stents. For the 2.0-mm stents, DIFFHU&lt;200 was zero. In the groups of 3.0- and 4.0-mm stents, DIFFHU&lt;200 ranged from 0.3 to 6.7, corresponding to a diameter of 0.13–3.0 mm, when the pixel size was presupposed to be 0.449 mm.

CONCLUSION: CT angiographic evaluation of small-vessel patency after stent placement is considerably impaired by ALN. Stent manufacturers should be aware of potential artifacts caused by their stents during noninvasive diagnostic studies such as CT angiography." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Stefan Hähnel" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Manuel Trossbach" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Cora Braun" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Sabine Heiland" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Michael Knauth" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Klaus Sartor" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Marius Hartmann" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2003-09-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="INTERVENTIONAL" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Small-Vessel Stents for Intracranial Angioplasty: In Vitro Comparison of Different Stent Designs and Sizes by Using CT Angiography" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/i&gt; Our purpose was to evaluate whether CT angiography is a suitable alternative to conventional angiography in the evaluation of small-vessel stents for intracranial angioplasty.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;METHODS:&lt;/i&gt; CT angiographic appearances of 23 stents of different designs and sizes (2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm) were investigated after they were filled with a solution of 0.9% NaCl or diluted contrast medium. For each stent, artificial lumen narrowing (ALN) was measured, and the difference in the number of pixels with a Hounsfield value below 200 HU between the two filling states, DIFF&lt;sub&gt;HU&amp;lt;200&lt;/sub&gt;, was calculated to provide an objective indicator of the size of the evaluable stent diameter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/i&gt; With a window width of 1500 HU at a window level of 400 HU, ALN ranged from 66.8% to 97.7% in the group of 2.0-mm stents and from 38.6% to 66.8% in the groups of 3.0- and 4.0-mm stents. For the 2.0-mm stents, DIFF&lt;sub&gt;HU&amp;lt;200&lt;/sub&gt; was zero. In the groups of 3.0- and 4.0-mm stents, DIFF&lt;sub&gt;HU&amp;lt;200&lt;/sub&gt; ranged from 0.3 to 6.7, corresponding to a diameter of 0.13–3.0 mm, when the pixel size was presupposed to be 0.449 mm.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/i&gt; CT angiographic evaluation of small-vessel patency after stent placement is considerably impaired by ALN. Stent manufacturers should be aware of potential artifacts caused by their stents during noninvasive diagnostic studies such as CT angiography.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to evaluate whether CT angiography is a suitable alternative to conventional angiography in the evaluation of small-vessel stents for intracranial angioplasty.

METHODS: CT angiographic appearances of 23 stents of different designs and sizes (2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm) were investigated after they were filled with a solution of 0.9% NaCl or diluted contrast medium. For each stent, artificial lumen narrowing (ALN) was measured, and the difference in the number of pixels with a Hounsfield value below 200 HU between the two filling states, DIFFHU&lt;200, was calculated to provide an objective indicator of the size of the evaluable stent diameter.

RESULTS: With a window width of 1500 HU at a window level of 400 HU, ALN ranged from 66.8% to 97.7% in the group of 2.0-mm stents and from 38.6% to 66.8% in the groups of 3.0- and 4.0-mm stents. For the 2.0-mm stents, DIFFHU&lt;200 was zero. In the groups of 3.0- and 4.0-mm stents, DIFFHU&lt;200 ranged from 0.3 to 6.7, corresponding to a diameter of 0.13–3.0 mm, when the pixel size was presupposed to be 0.449 mm.

CONCLUSION: CT angiographic evaluation of small-vessel patency after stent placement is considerably impaired by ALN. Stent manufacturers should be aware of potential artifacts caused by their stents during noninvasive diagnostic studies such as CT angiography." />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Small-Vessel Stents for Intracranial Angioplasty: In Vitro Comparison of Different Stent Designs and Sizes by Using CT Angiography" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to evaluate whether CT angiography is a suitable alternative to conventional angiography in the evaluation of small-vessel stents for intracranial angioplasty.

METHODS: CT angiographic appearances of 23 stents of different designs and sizes (2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm) were investigated after they were filled with a solution of 0.9% NaCl or diluted contrast medium. For each stent, artificial lumen narrowing (ALN) was measured, and the difference in the number of pixels with a Hounsfield value below 200 HU between the two filling states, DIFFHU&lt;200, was calculated to provide an objective indicator of the size of the evaluable stent diameter.

RESULTS: With a window width of 1500 HU at a window level of 400 HU, ALN ranged from 66.8% to 97.7% in the group of 2.0-mm stents and from 38.6% to 66.8% in the groups of 3.0- and 4.0-mm stents. For the 2.0-mm stents, DIFFHU&lt;200 was zero. In the groups of 3.0- and 4.0-mm stents, DIFFHU&lt;200 ranged from 0.3 to 6.7, corresponding to a diameter of 0.13–3.0 mm, when the pixel size was presupposed to be 0.449 mm.

CONCLUSION: CT angiographic evaluation of small-vessel patency after stent placement is considerably impaired by ALN. Stent manufacturers should be aware of potential artifacts caused by their stents during noninvasive diagnostic studies such as CT angiography." />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">INTERVENTIONAL</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Small-Vessel Stents for Intracranial Angioplasty: In Vitro Comparison of Different Stent Designs and Sizes by Using CT Angiography</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Stefan Hähnel</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Manuel Trossbach</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Cora Braun</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Sabine Heiland</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Michael Knauth</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Klaus Sartor</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Marius Hartmann</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">September 2003,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">24 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(8) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1512-1516; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-10982--6162905677" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Stefan Hähnel </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Stefan%2BH%C3%A4hnel%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=H%C3%A4hnel%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AStefan%2BH%25C3%25A4hnel%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div 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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 24</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 8 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Sep 2003 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Sep 2003, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">24 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(8) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1512-1516; </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Sep 2003, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">24 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(8) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1512-1516; </span></div>
  
  
  
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