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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Reversible MR Changes in the Cat Brain after Cerebral Fat Embolism Induced by Triolein Emulsion" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2004-06-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical cerebral-fat embolism shows both reversible and irreversible changes. We used MR imaging to investigate the reversibility of embolized lesions induced with a fat-emulsion technique and to evaluate the histologic findings.

METHODS: A fat emulsion was made with 0.05 mL of triolein and 20 mL of normal saline and vigorous to-and-fro movement through a three-way stopcock. In 50 cats, the internal carotid artery was infused with the fat emulsion. Cats were divided into six groups on the basis of time delay after embolization: 1 hour; 1 and 4 days; and 1, 2, and 3 weeks. MR imaging and histologic examination were performed at these times.

RESULTS: Embolized lesions were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, isointense or mildly hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images, isointense on apparent diffusion coefficient maps, and enhancing on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images at 1 hour. These MR imaging findings were less evident at day 1 and reverted to normal after day 4 (isointense on all images). Electron microscopy showed minimal findings in the cortical lesion in groups 1 and 2 (group 1 at 1 hour and group 2 at 1 hour and 1 day). Light microscopic findings revealed evidence of necrosis—small focal gliosis and demyelination in the periventricular white matter—in only one cat. The number of intravascular fat globules was not significantly different between groups, as visualized by oil red O staining.

CONCLUSION: Cerebral-fat embolism induced by a triolein emulsion revealed reversible MR findings and minimal histologic findings." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Chang H. Lee" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Hak J. Kim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Hae G. Kim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Sang D. Lee" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Suk M. Son" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Yong W. Kim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Seung M. Kim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Choong K. Eun" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2004-06-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Reversible MR Changes in the Cat Brain after Cerebral Fat Embolism Induced by Triolein Emulsion" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/i&gt; Clinical cerebral-fat embolism shows both reversible and irreversible changes. We used MR imaging to investigate the reversibility of embolized lesions induced with a fat-emulsion technique and to evaluate the histologic findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;METHODS:&lt;/i&gt; A fat emulsion was made with 0.05 mL of triolein and 20 mL of normal saline and vigorous to-and-fro movement through a three-way stopcock. In 50 cats, the internal carotid artery was infused with the fat emulsion. Cats were divided into six groups on the basis of time delay after embolization: 1 hour; 1 and 4 days; and 1, 2, and 3 weeks. MR imaging and histologic examination were performed at these times.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/i&gt; Embolized lesions were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, isointense or mildly hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images, isointense on apparent diffusion coefficient maps, and enhancing on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images at 1 hour. These MR imaging findings were less evident at day 1 and reverted to normal after day 4 (isointense on all images). Electron microscopy showed minimal findings in the cortical lesion in groups 1 and 2 (group 1 at 1 hour and group 2 at 1 hour and 1 day). Light microscopic findings revealed evidence of necrosis—small focal gliosis and demyelination in the periventricular white matter—in only one cat. The number of intravascular fat globules was not significantly different between groups, as visualized by oil red O staining.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/i&gt; Cerebral-fat embolism induced by a triolein emulsion revealed reversible MR findings and minimal histologic findings.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Chang H. Lee" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Hak J. Kim" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="Sang D. Lee" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Suk M. Son" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Reversible MR Changes in the Cat Brain after Cerebral Fat Embolism Induced by Triolein Emulsion" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical cerebral-fat embolism shows both reversible and irreversible changes. We used MR imaging to investigate the reversibility of embolized lesions induced with a fat-emulsion technique and to evaluate the histologic findings.

METHODS: A fat emulsion was made with 0.05 mL of triolein and 20 mL of normal saline and vigorous to-and-fro movement through a three-way stopcock. In 50 cats, the internal carotid artery was infused with the fat emulsion. Cats were divided into six groups on the basis of time delay after embolization: 1 hour; 1 and 4 days; and 1, 2, and 3 weeks. MR imaging and histologic examination were performed at these times.

RESULTS: Embolized lesions were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, isointense or mildly hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images, isointense on apparent diffusion coefficient maps, and enhancing on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images at 1 hour. These MR imaging findings were less evident at day 1 and reverted to normal after day 4 (isointense on all images). Electron microscopy showed minimal findings in the cortical lesion in groups 1 and 2 (group 1 at 1 hour and group 2 at 1 hour and 1 day). Light microscopic findings revealed evidence of necrosis—small focal gliosis and demyelination in the periventricular white matter—in only one cat. The number of intravascular fat globules was not significantly different between groups, as visualized by oil red O staining.

CONCLUSION: Cerebral-fat embolism induced by a triolein emulsion revealed reversible MR findings and minimal histologic findings." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical cerebral-fat embolism shows both reversible and irreversible changes. We used MR imaging to investigate the reversibility of embolized lesions induced with a fat-emulsion technique and to evaluate the histologic findings.

METHODS: A fat emulsion was made with 0.05 mL of triolein and 20 mL of normal saline and vigorous to-and-fro movement through a three-way stopcock. In 50 cats, the internal carotid artery was infused with the fat emulsion. Cats were divided into six groups on the basis of time delay after embolization: 1 hour; 1 and 4 days; and 1, 2, and 3 weeks. MR imaging and histologic examination were performed at these times.

RESULTS: Embolized lesions were hyperintense on T2-weighted images, isointense or mildly hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images, isointense on apparent diffusion coefficient maps, and enhancing on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images at 1 hour. These MR imaging findings were less evident at day 1 and reverted to normal after day 4 (isointense on all images). Electron microscopy showed minimal findings in the cortical lesion in groups 1 and 2 (group 1 at 1 hour and group 2 at 1 hour and 1 day). Light microscopic findings revealed evidence of necrosis—small focal gliosis and demyelination in the periventricular white matter—in only one cat. The number of intravascular fat globules was not significantly different between groups, as visualized by oil red O staining.

CONCLUSION: Cerebral-fat embolism induced by a triolein emulsion revealed reversible MR findings and minimal histologic findings." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Reversible MR Changes in the Cat Brain after Cerebral Fat Embolism Induced by Triolein Emulsion</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Chang H. Lee</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Hak J. Kim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Hae G. Kim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Sang D. Lee</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Suk M. Son</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Yong W. Kim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Seung M. Kim</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Choong K. Eun</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2004,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">25 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">958-963; </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-10560--6101996658" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Chang H. Lee </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Chang%2BH.%2BLee%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lee%20CH&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AChang%2BH.%2BLee%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Hak J. Kim </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Hak%2BJ.%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20HJ&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AHak%2BJ.%2BKim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Hae G. Kim </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Hae%2BG.%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20HG&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AHae%2BG.%2BKim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Sang D. Lee </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Sang%2BD.%2BLee%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lee%20SD&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ASang%2BD.%2BLee%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Suk M. Son </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Suk%2BM.%2BSon%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Son%20SM&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3ASuk%2BM.%2BSon%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Yong W. Kim </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Yong%2BW.%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20YW&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AYong%2BW.%2BKim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Seung M. 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            <h2>Erratum</h2>
            <p>The authors and their affiliations are incorrectly listed in the article <strong>Reversible MR Changes in the Cat Brain after Cerebral Fat Embolism Induced by Triolein Emulsion</strong>, AJNR 25:958-963, June/July 2004.  The authors and their respective affiliations should be listed as:
            </p>
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               Hak J. Kim, Chang H. Lee, Hae G. Kim, Sang D. Lee, Suk M. Son, Yong W. Kim, Choong K. Eun and Seung M. Kim
            </p>
            <p>From Pusan National University College of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Department of Radiology (H.J.K.),
               Department of Pathology (C.H.L.), Department of Anesthesiology (H.G.K.), Department of Urology (S.D.L.), and Department of
               Internal Medicine (S.M.S.), Pusan, South Korea and Inje University College of Medicine, Department of Radiology (Y.W.K., C.K.E.,
               S.M.K.), Pusan, South Korea.
            </p>
            <p>The authors of the same article would also like to acknowledge an error, which occurs, in the first paragraph on page 959.
               The last sentence of the paragraph should read �The emulsified fat was infused cephalad to the internal carotid artery at
               a rate of 4mL/minutes for 5 minutes.�
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Reversible MR Changes in the Cat Brain after Cerebral Fat Embolism Induced by Triolein Emulsion</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2004, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">25 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">958-963; </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Reversible MR Changes in the Cat Brain after Cerebral Fat Embolism Induced by Triolein Emulsion</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">Chang H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Hak J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Hae G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Sang D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Suk M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Son</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Yong W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Seung M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Choong K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Eun</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2004, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">25 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">958-963; </span></div>
  
  
  
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