Predictors and Timing of Hypotension and Bradycardia after Carotid Artery Stenting

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the patient population (N = 93)

Characteristic	n (%)
Age, median (interquartile range, range), y	71 (59–77, 45–90)
Male	53 (57)
Symptomatic stenosis	53 (57)
Asymptomatic stenosis	39 (42)
Diabetes	28 (30)
Coronary atherosclerotic disease	52 (56)
Hypertension	70 (75)
Neck radiotherapy	3 (3)
Ipsilateral endarterectomy	4 (4)
Current smokers	27 (29)
Taking antihypertensors at home	68 (73)

Table 2.

Distributions of anatomic and procedural data

Variable	n (%)
Stenosis severity
<50%	4 (4)
50%–70%	38 (41)
>70%	51 (55)
Stenosis <10 mm to bifurcation	58 (62)
Presence of coarse calcification	36 (39)
Premedication
Glycopyrrolate	65 (70)
Atropine	8 (9)
Both	3 (3)
Unknown	17 (18)
Number of dilations
0–1	40 (43)
2	35 (38)
3–5	13 (14)
Unknown	5 (5)
Residual stenosis after stenting
0%–10%	53 (57)
11%–20%	19 (20)
21%–30%	15 (16)
31%–40%	6 (7)
Dilation percentage obtained^*
10%–39%	12 (13)
40%–69%	39 (42)
70%–99%	42 (45)

* The formula is (stenosis severity percentage before carotid artery stent placement) − (residual stenosis percentage after carotid artery stent placement).

Table 3.

Baseline pre-CAS and lowest post-CAS systolic blood pressure and pulse rate

Note:—Data show the median (intraquartile range, range). CAS indicates carotid artery stent placement; SBP, systolic blood pressure; PR, pulse rate.

Table 4.

Independent predictors of hypotension and bradycardia after CAS

Variable	End Point	P	OR	95% CI
Asymptomatic stenosis	Hypotension	.03	3.4	1.24–2.30
	Bradycardia	.03	3.1	1.1–1.8
<10 mm to bifurcation	Hypotension	.06	3.8	0.95–14.90
	Drug intervention	.02	2.9	1.2–7.2
Stenosis severity	Drug intervention	.06	1.15^*	1.00–1.34
Dilation percentage	Drug intervention	.02	1.17^*	1.03–1.33

Note:—OR indicates odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; CAS, carotid artery stent placement.
* Data are for every 5% increase in stenosis severity or dilation percentage.

Table 5.

Distribution of the first and last occurrence of hypotension and bradycardia according to time after CAS