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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Amateur Boxers as Detected by 3T MR Imaging" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A0799" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2008-02-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The evidence for traumatic brain injury in amateur boxers is controversial. Hypothetically, sudden acceleration of the head due to the impact of the blow during the boxing fight might result in diffuse axonal injury or contusion. We wanted to determine whether cerebral microhemorrhages occur more often in amateur boxers than in nonboxers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 42 male, classical amateur boxers and in 37 healthy, nonboxing male volunteers we performed cranial MR imaging at 3T. The study protocol included a transverse dual spin-echo MR imaging sequence, a 3D sagittal magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo sequence, a coronal T2*-weighted sequence, and an axial time-of-flight MR angiography sequence. MR imaging data were made anonymous before 2 neuroradiologists independently evaluated the images. In addition, the following risk factors were assessed: total numbers of fights and knockouts, weight division, and duration of boxing. We compared the group proportions of microhemorrhages with Fisher test of exact probability.

RESULTS: There was a statistically higher prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhages in the group of boxers (3 of 42; 7.1%) than in nonboxing persons (0 of 37; 0%). This difference was not statistically significant, however ( P = .2479; Fisher exact test).

CONCLUSION: Although we detected more microhemorrhages in amateur boxers than in nonboxing persons, this difference did not prove to be significant." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Hähnel" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Stippich" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="I. Weber" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Darm" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Schill" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Jost" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Friedmann" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Heiland" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Blatow" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="U. Meyding-Lamadé" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2008-02-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Amateur Boxers as Detected by 3T MR Imaging" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/b&gt; The evidence for traumatic brain injury in amateur boxers is controversial. Hypothetically, sudden acceleration of the head due to the impact of the blow during the boxing fight might result in diffuse axonal injury or contusion. We wanted to determine whether cerebral microhemorrhages occur more often in amateur boxers than in nonboxers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/b&gt; In 42 male, classical amateur boxers and in 37 healthy, nonboxing male volunteers we performed cranial MR imaging at 3T. The study protocol included a transverse dual spin-echo MR imaging sequence, a 3D sagittal magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo sequence, a coronal T2*-weighted sequence, and an axial time-of-flight MR angiography sequence. MR imaging data were made anonymous before 2 neuroradiologists independently evaluated the images. In addition, the following risk factors were assessed: total numbers of fights and knockouts, weight division, and duration of boxing. We compared the group proportions of microhemorrhages with Fisher test of exact probability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/b&gt; There was a statistically higher prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhages in the group of boxers (3 of 42; 7.1%) than in nonboxing persons (0 of 37; 0%). This difference was not statistically significant, however (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .2479; Fisher exact test).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION:&lt;/b&gt; Although we detected more microhemorrhages in amateur boxers than in nonboxing persons, this difference did not prove to be significant.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="388" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="S. Hähnel" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="C. Stippich" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="S. Heiland" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="M. Blatow" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="U. Meyding-Lamadé" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Amateur Boxers as Detected by 3T MR Imaging" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The evidence for traumatic brain injury in amateur boxers is controversial. Hypothetically, sudden acceleration of the head due to the impact of the blow during the boxing fight might result in diffuse axonal injury or contusion. We wanted to determine whether cerebral microhemorrhages occur more often in amateur boxers than in nonboxers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 42 male, classical amateur boxers and in 37 healthy, nonboxing male volunteers we performed cranial MR imaging at 3T. The study protocol included a transverse dual spin-echo MR imaging sequence, a 3D sagittal magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo sequence, a coronal T2*-weighted sequence, and an axial time-of-flight MR angiography sequence. MR imaging data were made anonymous before 2 neuroradiologists independently evaluated the images. In addition, the following risk factors were assessed: total numbers of fights and knockouts, weight division, and duration of boxing. We compared the group proportions of microhemorrhages with Fisher test of exact probability.

RESULTS: There was a statistically higher prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhages in the group of boxers (3 of 42; 7.1%) than in nonboxing persons (0 of 37; 0%). This difference was not statistically significant, however ( P = .2479; Fisher exact test).

CONCLUSION: Although we detected more microhemorrhages in amateur boxers than in nonboxing persons, this difference did not prove to be significant." />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The evidence for traumatic brain injury in amateur boxers is controversial. Hypothetically, sudden acceleration of the head due to the impact of the blow during the boxing fight might result in diffuse axonal injury or contusion. We wanted to determine whether cerebral microhemorrhages occur more often in amateur boxers than in nonboxers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 42 male, classical amateur boxers and in 37 healthy, nonboxing male volunteers we performed cranial MR imaging at 3T. The study protocol included a transverse dual spin-echo MR imaging sequence, a 3D sagittal magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo sequence, a coronal T2*-weighted sequence, and an axial time-of-flight MR angiography sequence. MR imaging data were made anonymous before 2 neuroradiologists independently evaluated the images. In addition, the following risk factors were assessed: total numbers of fights and knockouts, weight division, and duration of boxing. We compared the group proportions of microhemorrhages with Fisher test of exact probability.

RESULTS: There was a statistically higher prevalence of cerebral microhemorrhages in the group of boxers (3 of 42; 7.1%) than in nonboxing persons (0 of 37; 0%). This difference was not statistically significant, however ( P = .2479; Fisher exact test).

CONCLUSION: Although we detected more microhemorrhages in amateur boxers than in nonboxing persons, this difference did not prove to be significant." />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Amateur Boxers as Detected by 3T MR Imaging</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S. Hähnel</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">C. Stippich</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">I. Weber</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">H. Darm</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">T. Schill</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">J. Jost</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">B. Friedmann</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">S. Heiland</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">M. Blatow</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">U. Meyding-Lamadé</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">February 2008,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">29 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">388-391; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A0799 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-7884--61362924470" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Hähnel </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BH%C3%A4hnel%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=H%C3%A4hnel%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BH%25C3%25A4hnel%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Stippich </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BStippich%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Stippich%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BStippich%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">I. Weber </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=I.%2BWeber%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Weber%20I&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AI.%2BWeber%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. Darm </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BDarm%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Darm%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BDarm%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T. 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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 29</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 2 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">February 2008 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Amateur Boxers as Detected by 3T MR Imaging</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hähnel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stippich</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Darm</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schill</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jost</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Friedmann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heiland</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Blatow</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">U.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Meyding-Lamadé</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Feb 2008, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">29 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">388-391; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A0799 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Amateur Boxers as Detected by 3T MR Imaging</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hähnel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stippich</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Darm</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schill</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jost</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Friedmann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Heiland</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Blatow</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">U.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Meyding-Lamadé</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Feb 2008, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">29 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">388-391; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A0799 </span></div>
  
  
  
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