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    Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Amateur Boxers as Detected by 3T MR Imaging | American Journal of Neuroradiology  
    



















    































    
  
  




    
    

  

      


    

      

  
  
  

    

  

    

  

                
    

      

  

    

  
      
  
  

    


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Research ArticleBRAIN

  
      

  
      
Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Amateur Boxers as Detected by 3T MR Imaging
  
    	
S. Hähnel, C. Stippich, I. Weber, H. Darm, T. Schill, J. Jost, B. Friedmann, S. Heiland, M. Blatow and U. Meyding-Lamadé

  
    	
American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2008,  29 (2) 388-391; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A0799 

  
  
  



  


  
  



			

		

	
	
 	
	  
  

		
		

			

			  

  
      
  
  

    
  


  
  



  
      
  
  

    

  

    

  
      
  
  

    
References
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    Scheid R, Preul C, Gruber O, et al. Diffuse axonal injury associated with chronic traumatic brain injury: evidence from T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging at 3 T. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:1049–56
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
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    Unterharnscheidt F. A neurologist's reflections on boxing. V. Conclude remarks. Rev Neurol 1995;23:1027–32
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  3. Tokuda T. Boxer's brain and other types of post-traumatic dementia [in Japanese]. No To Shinkei 1993;45:1109–18
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  4. Blennow K, Popa C, Rasulzada A, et al. There is a strong evidence that professional boxing results in chronic brain damage. The more head punches during a boxer's career, the bigger is the risk [in Swedish]. Lakartidningen 2005;102:2468–70, 2472–75
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    Moseley IF. The neuroimaging evidence for chronic brain damage due to boxing. Neuroradiology 2000;42:1–8
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    Moriarity J, Collie A, Olson D, et al. A prospective controlled study of cognitive function during an amateur boxing tournament. Neurology 2004;62:1497–502
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    Unterharnscheidt F. A neurologist's reflections on boxing. I: Impact mechanics in boxing and injuries other than central nervous system damage. Rev Neurol 1995;23:661–74
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    Livingston EH, Cassidy L. Statistical power and estimation of the number of required subjects for a study based on the t-test: a surgeon's primer. J Surg Res 2005;126:149–59
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  9. ↵
    Holzgraefe M, Lemme W, Funke W, et al. The significance of diagnostic imaging in acute and chronic brain damage in boxing. A prospective study in amateur boxing using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Int J Sports Med 1992;13:616–20
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  10. ↵
    Zhang L, Heier LA, Zimmerman RD, et al. Diffusion anisotropy changes in the brains of professional boxers. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006;27:2000–04
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    Zhang L, Ravdin LD, Relkin N, et al. Increased diffusion in the brain of professional boxers: a preclinical sign of traumatic brain injury? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:52–57
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  


  
  



  




  


  
  



  
      
  
  

    
  


  
  



  
      
  
  

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Prevalence of Cerebral Microhemorrhages in Amateur Boxers as Detected by 3T MR Imaging
  
    	
S. Hähnel, C. Stippich, I. Weber, H. Darm, T. Schill, J. Jost, B. Friedmann, S. Heiland, M. Blatow, U. Meyding-Lamadé

  
    	
American Journal of Neuroradiology Feb 2008, 29 (2) 388-391; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0799 

  
  
  



  


  
  



  
      
  
  

    

  
    
  
  
    
  
  
    
  


  


  
  



  
      
  
  

    
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