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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Placement of Covered Stents for the Treatment of Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A1583" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2009-08-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular detachable balloon occlusion and coil occlusion are 2 well-established options for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistulas (DCCFs). In recent years, covered stents have been applied in the treatment of neurovascular pathologies such as aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, arterial dissections, and DCCFs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of covered stents for the treatment of DCCFs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten consecutive patients underwent covered-stent placement after failure of detachable balloon occlusion for the treatment of their DCCFs. Clinical and angiographic follow-up ranged from 5 to 48 months (mean, 18.2 months) after stent placement.

RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in all except 1 patient. In this patient, stent placement failed after multiple attempts because of rigidity of the Jostent GraftMaster Coronary Stent Graft and the tortuous anatomy of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Complete exclusion of the fistula was achieved in 6 patients immediately after stent deployment. Endoleak was observed in 3 patients. Re-dilation of the stent avoided the endoleak in 2 patients; in 1 of these 2 patients, formerly improved symptoms recurred the next morning and the ipsilateral ICA was occluded with detachable balloons. Spasm of the ICA was observed in most of the patients after stent placement; however, angioplasty was not required. Symptoms improved in all patients after treatment, without thromboembolic events. Follow-up cerebral angiography showed complete exclusion of all DCCFs and stent patency without intrastent stenosis in the 8 patients who had successful deployment of the stent.

CONCLUSIONS: Although a larger sample and expanded follow-up are needed, our series shows that covered stents can be used in the treatment of DCCFs with symptomatic relief." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Xie" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. You" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Zhang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Cheng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. He" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Sun" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Mao" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2009-08-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="INTERVENTIONAL" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Placement of Covered Stents for the Treatment of Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/b&gt; Endovascular detachable balloon occlusion and coil occlusion are 2 well-established options for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistulas (DCCFs). In recent years, covered stents have been applied in the treatment of neurovascular pathologies such as aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, arterial dissections, and DCCFs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of covered stents for the treatment of DCCFs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/b&gt; Ten consecutive patients underwent covered-stent placement after failure of detachable balloon occlusion for the treatment of their DCCFs. Clinical and angiographic follow-up ranged from 5 to 48 months (mean, 18.2 months) after stent placement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/b&gt; Stent placement was technically successful in all except 1 patient. In this patient, stent placement failed after multiple attempts because of rigidity of the Jostent GraftMaster Coronary Stent Graft and the tortuous anatomy of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Complete exclusion of the fistula was achieved in 6 patients immediately after stent deployment. Endoleak was observed in 3 patients. Re-dilation of the stent avoided the endoleak in 2 patients; in 1 of these 2 patients, formerly improved symptoms recurred the next morning and the ipsilateral ICA was occluded with detachable balloons. Spasm of the ICA was observed in most of the patients after stent placement; however, angioplasty was not required. Symptoms improved in all patients after treatment, without thromboembolic events. Follow-up cerebral angiography showed complete exclusion of all DCCFs and stent patency without intrastent stenosis in the 8 patients who had successful deployment of the stent.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/b&gt; Although a larger sample and expanded follow-up are needed, our series shows that covered stents can be used in the treatment of DCCFs with symptomatic relief.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Placement of Covered Stents for the Treatment of Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas" />
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/30/7.cover.gif" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular detachable balloon occlusion and coil occlusion are 2 well-established options for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistulas (DCCFs). In recent years, covered stents have been applied in the treatment of neurovascular pathologies such as aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, arterial dissections, and DCCFs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of covered stents for the treatment of DCCFs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten consecutive patients underwent covered-stent placement after failure of detachable balloon occlusion for the treatment of their DCCFs. Clinical and angiographic follow-up ranged from 5 to 48 months (mean, 18.2 months) after stent placement.

RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in all except 1 patient. In this patient, stent placement failed after multiple attempts because of rigidity of the Jostent GraftMaster Coronary Stent Graft and the tortuous anatomy of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Complete exclusion of the fistula was achieved in 6 patients immediately after stent deployment. Endoleak was observed in 3 patients. Re-dilation of the stent avoided the endoleak in 2 patients; in 1 of these 2 patients, formerly improved symptoms recurred the next morning and the ipsilateral ICA was occluded with detachable balloons. Spasm of the ICA was observed in most of the patients after stent placement; however, angioplasty was not required. Symptoms improved in all patients after treatment, without thromboembolic events. Follow-up cerebral angiography showed complete exclusion of all DCCFs and stent patency without intrastent stenosis in the 8 patients who had successful deployment of the stent.

CONCLUSIONS: Although a larger sample and expanded follow-up are needed, our series shows that covered stents can be used in the treatment of DCCFs with symptomatic relief." />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Placement of Covered Stents for the Treatment of Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/30/7/1342" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endovascular detachable balloon occlusion and coil occlusion are 2 well-established options for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistulas (DCCFs). In recent years, covered stents have been applied in the treatment of neurovascular pathologies such as aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms, arterial dissections, and DCCFs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of covered stents for the treatment of DCCFs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten consecutive patients underwent covered-stent placement after failure of detachable balloon occlusion for the treatment of their DCCFs. Clinical and angiographic follow-up ranged from 5 to 48 months (mean, 18.2 months) after stent placement.

RESULTS: Stent placement was technically successful in all except 1 patient. In this patient, stent placement failed after multiple attempts because of rigidity of the Jostent GraftMaster Coronary Stent Graft and the tortuous anatomy of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Complete exclusion of the fistula was achieved in 6 patients immediately after stent deployment. Endoleak was observed in 3 patients. Re-dilation of the stent avoided the endoleak in 2 patients; in 1 of these 2 patients, formerly improved symptoms recurred the next morning and the ipsilateral ICA was occluded with detachable balloons. Spasm of the ICA was observed in most of the patients after stent placement; however, angioplasty was not required. Symptoms improved in all patients after treatment, without thromboembolic events. Follow-up cerebral angiography showed complete exclusion of all DCCFs and stent patency without intrastent stenosis in the 8 patients who had successful deployment of the stent.

CONCLUSIONS: Although a larger sample and expanded follow-up are needed, our series shows that covered stents can be used in the treatment of DCCFs with symptomatic relief." />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node1817--5" data-node-nid="1817" id="top-node-1817--6864261182" data-pisa="ajnr;30/7/1342" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A1583" data-apath="/ajnr/30/7/1342.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">INTERVENTIONAL</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Placement of Covered Stents for the Treatment of Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">C. Wang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">X. Xie</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">C. You</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C. Zhang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">M. Cheng</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">M. He</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">H. Sun</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">B. Mao</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">August 2009,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">30 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1342-1346; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1583 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-1817--6864261182" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Wang </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">X. Xie </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BXie%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Xie%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BXie%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. You </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BYou%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=You%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BYou%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2>References</h2><ol class="cit-list"><li><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1 in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-other" id="cit-30.7.1342.1" data-doi="10.3171/jns.1985.62.2.0248"><div class="cit-metadata"><cite>Barrow DL, Spector RH, Braun IF, et al. <strong>Classification and treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas.</strong> <span class="cit-source">J Neurosurg</span> <span class="cit-pub-date">1985</span>;<span class="cit-vol">62</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">248</span>–56</cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.3171/jns.1985.62.2.0248&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=3968564&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F30%2F7%2F1342.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1985AAU5900014&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-2-1" title="View reference 2 in text" id="ref-2">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-other" id="cit-30.7.1342.2"><div class="cit-metadata"><cite>Archondakis E, Pero G, Valvassori L, et al. <strong>Angiographic follow-up of traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas treated with endovascular stent graft placement.</strong> <span class="cit-source">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span> <span class="cit-pub-date">2007</span>;<span class="cit-vol">28</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">342</span>–47</cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo4OiIyOC8yLzM0MiI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIwOiIvYWpuci8zMC83LzEzNDIuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-3-1" title="View reference 3 in text" id="ref-3">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-other" id="cit-30.7.1342.3"><div class="cit-metadata"><cite>Rooij WJ, Sluzewski M, Beute GN. <strong>Ruptured cavernous sinus aneurysms causing carotid cavernous fistula: incidence, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome.</strong> <span class="cit-source">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span> <span class="cit-pub-date">2006</span>;<span class="cit-vol">27</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">185</span>–89</cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo4OiIyNy8xLzE4NSI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIwOiIvYWpuci8zMC83LzEzNDIuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-4-1" title="View reference 4 in text" id="ref-4">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-other" id="cit-30.7.1342.4"><div class="cit-metadata"><cite>Kobayashi N, Miyachi S, Negoro M, et al. <strong>Endovascular treatment strategy for direct carotid-cavernous fistulas resulting from rupture of intracavernous carotid aneurysms.</strong> <span class="cit-source">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</span> <span class="cit-pub-date">2003</span>;<span class="cit-vol">24</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1789</span>–96</cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiIyNC85LzE3ODkiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyMDoiL2FqbnIvMzAvNy8xMzQyLmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-5-1" title="View reference 5 in text" id="ref-5">↵</a><div 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class="cit-vol">14</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">123</span>–29</cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NToic3B2YXMiO3M6NToicmVzaWQiO3M6ODoiMTQvMy8xMjMiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyMDoiL2FqbnIvMzAvNy8xMzQyLmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-26-1" title="View reference 26 in text" id="ref-26">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-other" id="cit-30.7.1342.26" data-doi="10.1097/01.RVI.0000133224.31537.B7"><div class="cit-metadata"><cite>Blasco J, Macho JM, Burrel M, et al. <strong>Endovascular treatment of a giant intracranial aneurysm with a stent-graft.</strong> <span class="cit-source">J Vasc Interv Radiol</span> <span class="cit-pub-date">2004</span>;<span class="cit-vol">15</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1145</span>–49</cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1097/01.RVI.0000133224.31537.B7&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=15466803&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F30%2F7%2F1342.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000227678700017&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li></ol></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 30</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 7 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">August 2009 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xie</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">You</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cheng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">He</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sun</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mao</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Aug 2009, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">30 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1342-1346; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A1583 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Placement of Covered Stents for the Treatment of Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistulas</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xie</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">You</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cheng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">He</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sun</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mao</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Aug 2009, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">30 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1342-1346; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A1583 </span></div>
  
  
  
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