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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Quantification of Diffusivities of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord Using a 2D Single-Shot Interleaved Multisection Inner Volume Diffusion-Weighted Echo-Planar Imaging Technique" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A1881" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2010-04-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DTI is a highly sensitive technique, which can detect pathology not otherwise noted with conventional imaging methods. This paper provides the atlas of reliable normative in vivo DTI parameters in the cervical spinal cord and its potential applications toward quantifying pathology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, we created a reference of normal diffusivities of the cervical spinal cord by using a 2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI technique from 14 healthy volunteers and compared parameters with those in 8 patients with CSM. The 2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI technique was applied in each subject to acquire diffusion-weighted images. FA, λ∥, and λ⊥ were calculated. A reference of normal DTI indices from 12 regions of interest was created and compared with DTI indices of 8 patients.

RESULTS: A map of reference diffusivity values was obtained from healthy controls. We found statistically significant differences in diffusivities between healthy volunteers and patients with CSM with different severities of disease, by using FA, λ∥, and λ⊥ values.

CONCLUSIONS: DTI using 2D ss-IMIV-DWPEI is sensitive to spinal cord pathology. This technique can be used to detect and quantify the degree of pathology within the cervical spinal cord from multiple disease states.

CSM
:   cervical spondylotic myelopathy
2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI
:   2D single-shot interleaved multisection inner volume diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
DW
:   diffusion-weighted
EPI
:   echo-planar imaging
ETL
:   echo-train length
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
λ∥
:   longitudinal diffusivity
λ⊥
:   radial diffusivity
IMIV
:   interleaved multisection inner volume
NMG
:   Nurick myelopathy grading
RGB
:   red-green-blue
SNR
:   signal intensity–to-noise ratio
T2WI
:   T2-weighted imaging" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.H. Kim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Zollinger" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X.F. Shi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.E. Kim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Rose" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.A. Patel" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.K. Jeong" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2010-04-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Quantification of Diffusivities of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord Using a 2D Single-Shot Interleaved Multisection Inner Volume Diffusion-Weighted Echo-Planar Imaging Technique" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DTI is a highly sensitive technique, which can detect pathology not otherwise noted with conventional imaging methods. This paper provides the atlas of reliable normative in vivo DTI parameters in the cervical spinal cord and its potential applications toward quantifying pathology.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In our study, we created a reference of normal diffusivities of the cervical spinal cord by using a 2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI technique from 14 healthy volunteers and compared parameters with those in 8 patients with CSM. The 2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI technique was applied in each subject to acquire diffusion-weighted images. FA, λ&lt;sub&gt;∥&lt;/sub&gt;, and λ&lt;sub&gt;⊥&lt;/sub&gt; were calculated. A reference of normal DTI indices from 12 regions of interest was created and compared with DTI indices of 8 patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A map of reference diffusivity values was obtained from healthy controls. We found statistically significant differences in diffusivities between healthy volunteers and patients with CSM with different severities of disease, by using FA, λ&lt;sub&gt;∥&lt;/sub&gt;, and λ&lt;sub&gt;⊥&lt;/sub&gt; values.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;DTI using 2D ss-IMIV-DWPEI is sensitive to spinal cord pathology. This technique can be used to detect and quantify the degree of pathology within the cervical spinal cord from multiple disease states.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Quantification of Diffusivities of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord Using a 2D Single-Shot Interleaved Multisection Inner Volume Diffusion-Weighted Echo-Planar Imaging Technique" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DTI is a highly sensitive technique, which can detect pathology not otherwise noted with conventional imaging methods. This paper provides the atlas of reliable normative in vivo DTI parameters in the cervical spinal cord and its potential applications toward quantifying pathology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, we created a reference of normal diffusivities of the cervical spinal cord by using a 2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI technique from 14 healthy volunteers and compared parameters with those in 8 patients with CSM. The 2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI technique was applied in each subject to acquire diffusion-weighted images. FA, λ∥, and λ⊥ were calculated. A reference of normal DTI indices from 12 regions of interest was created and compared with DTI indices of 8 patients.

RESULTS: A map of reference diffusivity values was obtained from healthy controls. We found statistically significant differences in diffusivities between healthy volunteers and patients with CSM with different severities of disease, by using FA, λ∥, and λ⊥ values.

CONCLUSIONS: DTI using 2D ss-IMIV-DWPEI is sensitive to spinal cord pathology. This technique can be used to detect and quantify the degree of pathology within the cervical spinal cord from multiple disease states.

CSM
:   cervical spondylotic myelopathy
2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI
:   2D single-shot interleaved multisection inner volume diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
DW
:   diffusion-weighted
EPI
:   echo-planar imaging
ETL
:   echo-train length
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
λ∥
:   longitudinal diffusivity
λ⊥
:   radial diffusivity
IMIV
:   interleaved multisection inner volume
NMG
:   Nurick myelopathy grading
RGB
:   red-green-blue
SNR
:   signal intensity–to-noise ratio
T2WI
:   T2-weighted imaging" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Quantification of Diffusivities of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord Using a 2D Single-Shot Interleaved Multisection Inner Volume Diffusion-Weighted Echo-Planar Imaging Technique" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/31/4/682" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DTI is a highly sensitive technique, which can detect pathology not otherwise noted with conventional imaging methods. This paper provides the atlas of reliable normative in vivo DTI parameters in the cervical spinal cord and its potential applications toward quantifying pathology.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our study, we created a reference of normal diffusivities of the cervical spinal cord by using a 2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI technique from 14 healthy volunteers and compared parameters with those in 8 patients with CSM. The 2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI technique was applied in each subject to acquire diffusion-weighted images. FA, λ∥, and λ⊥ were calculated. A reference of normal DTI indices from 12 regions of interest was created and compared with DTI indices of 8 patients.

RESULTS: A map of reference diffusivity values was obtained from healthy controls. We found statistically significant differences in diffusivities between healthy volunteers and patients with CSM with different severities of disease, by using FA, λ∥, and λ⊥ values.

CONCLUSIONS: DTI using 2D ss-IMIV-DWPEI is sensitive to spinal cord pathology. This technique can be used to detect and quantify the degree of pathology within the cervical spinal cord from multiple disease states.

CSM
:   cervical spondylotic myelopathy
2D ss-IMIV-DWEPI
:   2D single-shot interleaved multisection inner volume diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
DW
:   diffusion-weighted
EPI
:   echo-planar imaging
ETL
:   echo-train length
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
λ∥
:   longitudinal diffusivity
λ⊥
:   radial diffusivity
IMIV
:   interleaved multisection inner volume
NMG
:   Nurick myelopathy grading
RGB
:   red-green-blue
SNR
:   signal intensity–to-noise ratio
T2WI
:   T2-weighted imaging" />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">T.H. Kim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">L. Zollinger</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">X.F. Shi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">S.E. Kim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J. Rose</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">A.A. Patel</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">E.K. Jeong</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">April 2010,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">682-687; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1881 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-9857--6741961347" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.H. Kim </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.H.%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.H.%2BKim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. 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                  <em>Online Table 1:</em>  λ<sub>||</sub> of healthy volunteers and CSM patients<br/><br/>
                  
                  <em>Online Table 2:</em>  λ⊥ of healthy volunteers and CSM patients<br/><br/>
                  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zollinger</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Shi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rose</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Patel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jeong</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Apr 2010, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">31 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">682-687; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A1881 </span></div>
  
  
  
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