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<meta name="DC.Title" content="A Transverse and Longitudinal MR Imaging Voxel-Based Morphometry Study in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2242" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2011-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright © American Society of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Findings of standard MR imaging examinations are usually normal in primary CD. These findings are now increasingly challenged by studies using advanced neuroimaging techniques detecting abnormalities in brain areas that may be functionally involved in the pathophysiology of CD. Our purpose was to evaluate GM volumes in patients with CD at baseline and 5 years later.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 19 patients (F/M = 15:4, mean age = 53.2 + 11.2 years), 12 of whom were studied at baseline and again approximately 5 years later. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers acted as controls (F/M = 17:11, mean age = 47.5 + 15.6 years). The subjects were imaged with a 1.5T scanner by using a 3D T1-weighted sequence on 150 contiguous axial 1-mm-thick sections to apply VBM.

RESULTS: At entry, VBM analysis disclosed significantly lower GM volumes in the left caudate head and putamen and in the premotor and primary sensorimotor cortices bilaterally in patients than in controls. No correlation was found between decreased GM volumes and patient age, severity of dystonia, or disease duration. At the 5-year follow-up, GM volumes in the left primary sensorimotor cortex in patients had decreased significantly from baseline.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings obtained at entry and after a 5-year follow-up consistently showed decreased caudate, putamen, and sensorimotor cortex GM volumes in patients with CD, and they probably play a pathophysiologic role in CD.

CD
:   cervical dystonia
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
F
:   female
FDR
:   false discovery rate
GM
:   gray matter
GPi
:   internal segment of globus pallidus
k
:   voxel per cluster
L
:   left
M
:   male
MNI
:   Montreal Neurological Institute
mo
:   months
MRI
:   MR imaging
NA
:   not available
R
:   right
SMA
:   supplementary motor area
SPM
:   Statistical Parametric Mapping
VBM
:   voxel-based morphometry
WM
:   white matter
yr
:   years" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Pantano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Totaro" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Fabbrini" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Raz" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G.M. Contessa" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Tona" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Colosimo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Berardelli" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2011-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="A Transverse and Longitudinal MR Imaging Voxel-Based Morphometry Study in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Findings of standard MR imaging examinations are usually normal in primary CD. These findings are now increasingly challenged by studies using advanced neuroimaging techniques detecting abnormalities in brain areas that may be functionally involved in the pathophysiology of CD. Our purpose was to evaluate GM volumes in patients with CD at baseline and 5 years later.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We enrolled 19 patients (F/M = 15:4, mean age = 53.2 + 11.2 years), 12 of whom were studied at baseline and again approximately 5 years later. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers acted as controls (F/M = 17:11, mean age = 47.5 + 15.6 years). The subjects were imaged with a 1.5T scanner by using a 3D T1-weighted sequence on 150 contiguous axial 1-mm-thick sections to apply VBM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;At entry, VBM analysis disclosed significantly lower GM volumes in the left caudate head and putamen and in the premotor and primary sensorimotor cortices bilaterally in patients than in controls. No correlation was found between decreased GM volumes and patient age, severity of dystonia, or disease duration. At the 5-year follow-up, GM volumes in the left primary sensorimotor cortex in patients had decreased significantly from baseline.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The findings obtained at entry and after a 5-year follow-up consistently showed decreased caudate, putamen, and sensorimotor cortex GM volumes in patients with CD, and they probably play a pathophysiologic role in CD.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="A Transverse and Longitudinal MR Imaging Voxel-Based Morphometry Study in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Findings of standard MR imaging examinations are usually normal in primary CD. These findings are now increasingly challenged by studies using advanced neuroimaging techniques detecting abnormalities in brain areas that may be functionally involved in the pathophysiology of CD. Our purpose was to evaluate GM volumes in patients with CD at baseline and 5 years later.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 19 patients (F/M = 15:4, mean age = 53.2 + 11.2 years), 12 of whom were studied at baseline and again approximately 5 years later. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers acted as controls (F/M = 17:11, mean age = 47.5 + 15.6 years). The subjects were imaged with a 1.5T scanner by using a 3D T1-weighted sequence on 150 contiguous axial 1-mm-thick sections to apply VBM.

RESULTS: At entry, VBM analysis disclosed significantly lower GM volumes in the left caudate head and putamen and in the premotor and primary sensorimotor cortices bilaterally in patients than in controls. No correlation was found between decreased GM volumes and patient age, severity of dystonia, or disease duration. At the 5-year follow-up, GM volumes in the left primary sensorimotor cortex in patients had decreased significantly from baseline.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings obtained at entry and after a 5-year follow-up consistently showed decreased caudate, putamen, and sensorimotor cortex GM volumes in patients with CD, and they probably play a pathophysiologic role in CD.

CD
:   cervical dystonia
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
F
:   female
FDR
:   false discovery rate
GM
:   gray matter
GPi
:   internal segment of globus pallidus
k
:   voxel per cluster
L
:   left
M
:   male
MNI
:   Montreal Neurological Institute
mo
:   months
MRI
:   MR imaging
NA
:   not available
R
:   right
SMA
:   supplementary motor area
SPM
:   Statistical Parametric Mapping
VBM
:   voxel-based morphometry
WM
:   white matter
yr
:   years" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="A Transverse and Longitudinal MR Imaging Voxel-Based Morphometry Study in Patients with Primary Cervical Dystonia" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/32/1/81" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Findings of standard MR imaging examinations are usually normal in primary CD. These findings are now increasingly challenged by studies using advanced neuroimaging techniques detecting abnormalities in brain areas that may be functionally involved in the pathophysiology of CD. Our purpose was to evaluate GM volumes in patients with CD at baseline and 5 years later.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 19 patients (F/M = 15:4, mean age = 53.2 + 11.2 years), 12 of whom were studied at baseline and again approximately 5 years later. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers acted as controls (F/M = 17:11, mean age = 47.5 + 15.6 years). The subjects were imaged with a 1.5T scanner by using a 3D T1-weighted sequence on 150 contiguous axial 1-mm-thick sections to apply VBM.

RESULTS: At entry, VBM analysis disclosed significantly lower GM volumes in the left caudate head and putamen and in the premotor and primary sensorimotor cortices bilaterally in patients than in controls. No correlation was found between decreased GM volumes and patient age, severity of dystonia, or disease duration. At the 5-year follow-up, GM volumes in the left primary sensorimotor cortex in patients had decreased significantly from baseline.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings obtained at entry and after a 5-year follow-up consistently showed decreased caudate, putamen, and sensorimotor cortex GM volumes in patients with CD, and they probably play a pathophysiologic role in CD.

CD
:   cervical dystonia
DTI
:   diffusion tensor imaging
F
:   female
FDR
:   false discovery rate
GM
:   gray matter
GPi
:   internal segment of globus pallidus
k
:   voxel per cluster
L
:   left
M
:   male
MNI
:   Montreal Neurological Institute
mo
:   months
MRI
:   MR imaging
NA
:   not available
R
:   right
SMA
:   supplementary motor area
SPM
:   Statistical Parametric Mapping
VBM
:   voxel-based morphometry
WM
:   white matter
yr
:   years" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">P. Pantano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">P. Totaro</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">G. Fabbrini</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">E. Raz</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">G.M. Contessa</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">F. Tona</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">C. Colosimo</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">A. Berardelli</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2011,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">81-84; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2242 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2>References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a>

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<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-32.1.81.4" data-doi="10.1016/j.clinph.2007.10.007"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Gregori</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">B</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Agostino</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Bologna</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">M</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Fast voluntary neck movements in patients with cervical dystonia: a kinematic study before and after therapy with botulinum toxin type A</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Clin Neurophysiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2008</span>;<span class="cit-vol">119</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">273</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">80</span>. <span class="cit-comment">Epub 2007 Dec 11</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.clinph.2007.10.007&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=18063411&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F32%2F1%2F81.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">5.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-5-1" title="View reference 5. in text" id="ref-5">↵</a>

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<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-32.1.81.7" data-doi="10.1002/mds.21619"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Egger</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">K</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Mueller</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">J</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Schocke</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">M</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Voxel based morphometry reveals specific gray matter changes in primary dystonia</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Mov Disord</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2007</span>;<span class="cit-vol">22</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1538</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">42</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/mds.21619&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=17588241&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F32%2F1%2F81.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000249228800003&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">8.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-8-1" title="View reference 8. in text" id="ref-8">↵</a>

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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 32</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jan 2011 </div></div>
      
      
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