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<meta name="DC.Title" content="MR Imaging of Brain Volumes: Evaluation of a Fully Automatic Software" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2275" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2011-02-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Automatic assessment of brain volumes is needed in research and clinical practice. Manual tracing is still the criterion standard but is time-consuming. It is important to validate the automatic tools to avoid the problems of clinical studies drawing conclusions on the basis of brain volumes estimated with methodologic errors. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new commercially available fully automatic software for MR imaging of brain volume assessment. Automatic and expert manual brain volumes were compared.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging (3T, axial T2 and FLAIR) was performed in 41 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age, 70 ± 6 years) and 20 patients with hydrocephalus (mean age, 73 ± 7 years). The software QBrain was used to manually and automatically measure the following brain volumes: ICV, BTV, VV, and WMHV. The manual method has been previously validated and was used as the reference. Agreement between the manual and automatic methods was evaluated by using linear regression and Bland-Altman plots.

RESULTS: There were significant differences between the automatic and manual methods regarding all volumes. The mean differences were ICV = 49 ± 93 mL (mean ± 2SD, n = 61), BTV = 11 ± 70 mL, VV = −6 ± 10 mL, and WMHV = 2.4 ± 9 mL. The automatic calculations of brain volumes took approximately 2 minutes per investigation.

CONCLUSIONS: The automatic tool is promising and provides rapid assessment of brain volumes. However, the software needs improvement before it is incorporated into research or daily use. Manual segmentation remains the reference method.

A
:   automatic,
BTV
:   brain tissue volume
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ICV
:   intracranial volume
M
:   manual
MD
:   mean difference
MRD
:   mean relative difference
Obs1
:   observer 1
Obs2
:   observer 2
2SD
:   limits of agreement
SNIPER
:   Software for Neuro-Image Processing in Experimental Research
VV
:   ventricular volume
WMHV
:   white matter hyperintensity volume" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Ambarki" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Wåhlin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Birgander" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Eklund" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Malm" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2011-02-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="MR Imaging of Brain Volumes: Evaluation of a Fully Automatic Software" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Automatic assessment of brain volumes is needed in research and clinical practice. Manual tracing is still the criterion standard but is time-consuming. It is important to validate the automatic tools to avoid the problems of clinical studies drawing conclusions on the basis of brain volumes estimated with methodologic errors. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new commercially available fully automatic software for MR imaging of brain volume assessment. Automatic and expert manual brain volumes were compared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MR imaging (3T, axial T2 and FLAIR) was performed in 41 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age, 70 ± 6 years) and 20 patients with hydrocephalus (mean age, 73 ± 7 years). The software Q&lt;sub&gt;Brain&lt;/sub&gt; was used to manually and automatically measure the following brain volumes: ICV, BTV, VV, and WMHV. The manual method has been previously validated and was used as the reference. Agreement between the manual and automatic methods was evaluated by using linear regression and Bland-Altman plots.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There were significant differences between the automatic and manual methods regarding all volumes. The mean differences were ICV = 49 ± 93 mL (mean ± 2SD, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 61), BTV = 11 ± 70 mL, VV = −6 ± 10 mL, and WMHV = 2.4 ± 9 mL. The automatic calculations of brain volumes took approximately 2 minutes per investigation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The automatic tool is promising and provides rapid assessment of brain volumes. However, the software needs improvement before it is incorporated into research or daily use. Manual segmentation remains the reference method.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="MR Imaging of Brain Volumes: Evaluation of a Fully Automatic Software" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Automatic assessment of brain volumes is needed in research and clinical practice. Manual tracing is still the criterion standard but is time-consuming. It is important to validate the automatic tools to avoid the problems of clinical studies drawing conclusions on the basis of brain volumes estimated with methodologic errors. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new commercially available fully automatic software for MR imaging of brain volume assessment. Automatic and expert manual brain volumes were compared.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging (3T, axial T2 and FLAIR) was performed in 41 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age, 70 ± 6 years) and 20 patients with hydrocephalus (mean age, 73 ± 7 years). The software QBrain was used to manually and automatically measure the following brain volumes: ICV, BTV, VV, and WMHV. The manual method has been previously validated and was used as the reference. Agreement between the manual and automatic methods was evaluated by using linear regression and Bland-Altman plots.

RESULTS: There were significant differences between the automatic and manual methods regarding all volumes. The mean differences were ICV = 49 ± 93 mL (mean ± 2SD, n = 61), BTV = 11 ± 70 mL, VV = −6 ± 10 mL, and WMHV = 2.4 ± 9 mL. The automatic calculations of brain volumes took approximately 2 minutes per investigation.

CONCLUSIONS: The automatic tool is promising and provides rapid assessment of brain volumes. However, the software needs improvement before it is incorporated into research or daily use. Manual segmentation remains the reference method.

A
:   automatic,
BTV
:   brain tissue volume
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ICV
:   intracranial volume
M
:   manual
MD
:   mean difference
MRD
:   mean relative difference
Obs1
:   observer 1
Obs2
:   observer 2
2SD
:   limits of agreement
SNIPER
:   Software for Neuro-Image Processing in Experimental Research
VV
:   ventricular volume
WMHV
:   white matter hyperintensity volume" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="MR Imaging of Brain Volumes: Evaluation of a Fully Automatic Software" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/32/2/408" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Automatic assessment of brain volumes is needed in research and clinical practice. Manual tracing is still the criterion standard but is time-consuming. It is important to validate the automatic tools to avoid the problems of clinical studies drawing conclusions on the basis of brain volumes estimated with methodologic errors. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new commercially available fully automatic software for MR imaging of brain volume assessment. Automatic and expert manual brain volumes were compared.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging (3T, axial T2 and FLAIR) was performed in 41 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age, 70 ± 6 years) and 20 patients with hydrocephalus (mean age, 73 ± 7 years). The software QBrain was used to manually and automatically measure the following brain volumes: ICV, BTV, VV, and WMHV. The manual method has been previously validated and was used as the reference. Agreement between the manual and automatic methods was evaluated by using linear regression and Bland-Altman plots.

RESULTS: There were significant differences between the automatic and manual methods regarding all volumes. The mean differences were ICV = 49 ± 93 mL (mean ± 2SD, n = 61), BTV = 11 ± 70 mL, VV = −6 ± 10 mL, and WMHV = 2.4 ± 9 mL. The automatic calculations of brain volumes took approximately 2 minutes per investigation.

CONCLUSIONS: The automatic tool is promising and provides rapid assessment of brain volumes. However, the software needs improvement before it is incorporated into research or daily use. Manual segmentation remains the reference method.

A
:   automatic,
BTV
:   brain tissue volume
FLAIR
:   fluid-attenuated inversion recovery
ICV
:   intracranial volume
M
:   manual
MD
:   mean difference
MRD
:   mean relative difference
Obs1
:   observer 1
Obs2
:   observer 2
2SD
:   limits of agreement
SNIPER
:   Software for Neuro-Image Processing in Experimental Research
VV
:   ventricular volume
WMHV
:   white matter hyperintensity volume" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">MR Imaging of Brain Volumes: Evaluation of a Fully Automatic Software</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">K. Ambarki</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">A. Wåhlin</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">R. Birgander</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A. Eklund</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J. Malm</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">February 2011,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">408-412; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2275 </span></div>
  
  
  
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                  <em>Online Figure 1:</em>  Manual (b and e) and automatic (c and f) segmentation of brain tissue volume (BTV). The standard segmentation is shown in
                  yellow; the automatic segmentation is shown in green. c and f illustrate the automatic over and under-estimation of BV, respectively.
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                  <em>Online Figure 2:</em>  Manual (b and e) and automatic (c and f) segmentation of intracranial volume (ICV). The standard segmentation is shown in
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                  <br/><br/>
                  <em>Online Figure 3:</em>  Manual (b, e) and automatic (c and f) segmentation of ventricular volume (VV). The standard segmentation is shown in yellow;
                  the automatic segmentation is shown in green. c and f illustrate the automatic overestimation of VV.
                  <br/><br/>
                  <em>Online Figure 4:</em>  Manual (b and e) and automatic (c and f) segmentation of white matter hyperintensities volume (WMHV). The standard segmentation
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">MR Imaging of Brain Volumes: Evaluation of a Fully Automatic Software</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Feb 2011, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">408-412; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2275 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">MR Imaging of Brain Volumes: Evaluation of a Fully Automatic Software</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ambarki</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wåhlin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Birgander</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Eklund</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Malm</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Feb 2011, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">32 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">408-412; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A2275 </span></div>
  
  
  
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