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<meta name="DC.Title" content="3D Double-Echo Steady-State with Water Excitation MR Imaging of the Intraparotid Facial Nerve at 1.5T: A Pilot Study" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2480" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2011-08-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The intraparotid facial nerve is difficult to delineate using conventional MR sequence. Our aim was to assess the value of 3D DESSWE MR imaging in depicting the normal anatomy of the intraparotid facial nerve.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3D-DESSWE sequence was performed with optimum parameters in 18 healthy volunteers on a 1.5T MR imaging unit. The data obtained were reconstructed in relation to the course of the facial nerve by using the MPR and thin-section MIP programs. Images acquired were analyzed by 2 neuroradiologists. They made the initial evaluations independently but resolved inconsistencies by collaborative review and consensus agreement. The certainty of identifying the intraparotid facial nerve was scored and recorded on an arbitrary scale of 0–2. The lengths of the facial nerves were measured; CNRs of the facial nerves and parotid ducts were calculated. Statistical evaluation of the results was achieved by the 2-tailed Wilcoxon test, ANOVA, and a paired t test.

RESULTS: In all subjects, 3D DESSWE images provided a reliable definition of the normal facial nerve anatomy bilaterally. There were no significant differences between scores, lengths, and CNRs of bilateral facial nerves ( P &gt; .05). The intraparotid facial nerve, parotid ducts, and retromandibular vein showed high signal intensity while the surrounding soft tissue showed relatively low signal intensity. The signal intensity between the facial nerves and parotid ducts was significantly different ( P &lt; .01); but no differences could be obtained for the CNRs between the 2 structures ( P &gt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS: The 3D DESSWE sequence can display the intraparotid course of the normal facial nerve, including the relationship between the facial nerve and the parotid duct.

ANOVA
:   analysis of variance
BTFE
:   balanced turbo field echo
CNR
:   contrast-to-noise ratio
DESS
:   double-echo steady-state
DESSWE
:   double-echo steady-state with water excitation
FA
:   flip angle
FID
:   free induction decay
FISP
:   fast-imaging with steady-state precession
GRASS
:   gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady-state
MIP
:   maximum intensity projection
MPR
:   multiplanar reconstruction
PSIF
:   reversed fast imaging with steady-state free precession
SI
:   signal intensity
SNR
:   signal-intensity-to noise ratio
SSFP
:   steady-state free precession
WE
:   water excitation" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Qin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Zhang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Li" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Wang" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2011-08-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Head and Neck" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="3D Double-Echo Steady-State with Water Excitation MR Imaging of the Intraparotid Facial Nerve at 1.5T: A Pilot Study" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The intraparotid facial nerve is difficult to delineate using conventional MR sequence. Our aim was to assess the value of 3D DESSWE MR imaging in depicting the normal anatomy of the intraparotid facial nerve.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A 3D-DESSWE sequence was performed with optimum parameters in 18 healthy volunteers on a 1.5T MR imaging unit. The data obtained were reconstructed in relation to the course of the facial nerve by using the MPR and thin-section MIP programs. Images acquired were analyzed by 2 neuroradiologists. They made the initial evaluations independently but resolved inconsistencies by collaborative review and consensus agreement. The certainty of identifying the intraparotid facial nerve was scored and recorded on an arbitrary scale of 0–2. The lengths of the facial nerves were measured; CNRs of the facial nerves and parotid ducts were calculated. Statistical evaluation of the results was achieved by the 2-tailed Wilcoxon test, ANOVA, and a paired &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In all subjects, 3D DESSWE images provided a reliable definition of the normal facial nerve anatomy bilaterally. There were no significant differences between scores, lengths, and CNRs of bilateral facial nerves (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;gt; .05). The intraparotid facial nerve, parotid ducts, and retromandibular vein showed high signal intensity while the surrounding soft tissue showed relatively low signal intensity. The signal intensity between the facial nerves and parotid ducts was significantly different (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01); but no differences could be obtained for the CNRs between the 2 structures (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;gt; .05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The 3D DESSWE sequence can display the intraparotid course of the normal facial nerve, including the relationship between the facial nerve and the parotid duct.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="3D Double-Echo Steady-State with Water Excitation MR Imaging of the Intraparotid Facial Nerve at 1.5T: A Pilot Study" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The intraparotid facial nerve is difficult to delineate using conventional MR sequence. Our aim was to assess the value of 3D DESSWE MR imaging in depicting the normal anatomy of the intraparotid facial nerve.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3D-DESSWE sequence was performed with optimum parameters in 18 healthy volunteers on a 1.5T MR imaging unit. The data obtained were reconstructed in relation to the course of the facial nerve by using the MPR and thin-section MIP programs. Images acquired were analyzed by 2 neuroradiologists. They made the initial evaluations independently but resolved inconsistencies by collaborative review and consensus agreement. The certainty of identifying the intraparotid facial nerve was scored and recorded on an arbitrary scale of 0–2. The lengths of the facial nerves were measured; CNRs of the facial nerves and parotid ducts were calculated. Statistical evaluation of the results was achieved by the 2-tailed Wilcoxon test, ANOVA, and a paired t test.

RESULTS: In all subjects, 3D DESSWE images provided a reliable definition of the normal facial nerve anatomy bilaterally. There were no significant differences between scores, lengths, and CNRs of bilateral facial nerves ( P &gt; .05). The intraparotid facial nerve, parotid ducts, and retromandibular vein showed high signal intensity while the surrounding soft tissue showed relatively low signal intensity. The signal intensity between the facial nerves and parotid ducts was significantly different ( P &lt; .01); but no differences could be obtained for the CNRs between the 2 structures ( P &gt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS: The 3D DESSWE sequence can display the intraparotid course of the normal facial nerve, including the relationship between the facial nerve and the parotid duct.

ANOVA
:   analysis of variance
BTFE
:   balanced turbo field echo
CNR
:   contrast-to-noise ratio
DESS
:   double-echo steady-state
DESSWE
:   double-echo steady-state with water excitation
FA
:   flip angle
FID
:   free induction decay
FISP
:   fast-imaging with steady-state precession
GRASS
:   gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady-state
MIP
:   maximum intensity projection
MPR
:   multiplanar reconstruction
PSIF
:   reversed fast imaging with steady-state free precession
SI
:   signal intensity
SNR
:   signal-intensity-to noise ratio
SSFP
:   steady-state free precession
WE
:   water excitation" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="3D Double-Echo Steady-State with Water Excitation MR Imaging of the Intraparotid Facial Nerve at 1.5T: A Pilot Study" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/32/7/1167" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The intraparotid facial nerve is difficult to delineate using conventional MR sequence. Our aim was to assess the value of 3D DESSWE MR imaging in depicting the normal anatomy of the intraparotid facial nerve.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3D-DESSWE sequence was performed with optimum parameters in 18 healthy volunteers on a 1.5T MR imaging unit. The data obtained were reconstructed in relation to the course of the facial nerve by using the MPR and thin-section MIP programs. Images acquired were analyzed by 2 neuroradiologists. They made the initial evaluations independently but resolved inconsistencies by collaborative review and consensus agreement. The certainty of identifying the intraparotid facial nerve was scored and recorded on an arbitrary scale of 0–2. The lengths of the facial nerves were measured; CNRs of the facial nerves and parotid ducts were calculated. Statistical evaluation of the results was achieved by the 2-tailed Wilcoxon test, ANOVA, and a paired t test.

RESULTS: In all subjects, 3D DESSWE images provided a reliable definition of the normal facial nerve anatomy bilaterally. There were no significant differences between scores, lengths, and CNRs of bilateral facial nerves ( P &gt; .05). The intraparotid facial nerve, parotid ducts, and retromandibular vein showed high signal intensity while the surrounding soft tissue showed relatively low signal intensity. The signal intensity between the facial nerves and parotid ducts was significantly different ( P &lt; .01); but no differences could be obtained for the CNRs between the 2 structures ( P &gt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS: The 3D DESSWE sequence can display the intraparotid course of the normal facial nerve, including the relationship between the facial nerve and the parotid duct.

ANOVA
:   analysis of variance
BTFE
:   balanced turbo field echo
CNR
:   contrast-to-noise ratio
DESS
:   double-echo steady-state
DESSWE
:   double-echo steady-state with water excitation
FA
:   flip angle
FID
:   free induction decay
FISP
:   fast-imaging with steady-state precession
GRASS
:   gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady-state
MIP
:   maximum intensity projection
MPR
:   multiplanar reconstruction
PSIF
:   reversed fast imaging with steady-state free precession
SI
:   signal intensity
SNR
:   signal-intensity-to noise ratio
SSFP
:   steady-state free precession
WE
:   water excitation" />
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-11435--61005334551" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Qin </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BQin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Qin%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BQin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Zhang </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BZhang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhang%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BZhang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Li </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BLi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BLi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Wang </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2>References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a>

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          <a href="/content/32/7" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">American Journal of Neuroradiology</span></a>      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 32</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 7 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Aug 2011 </div></div>
      
      
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