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<meta name="DC.Title" content="No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3112" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2012-11-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CCSVI has been reported to occur at high frequency in MS. Its significance in relation to MR imaging parameters also needs to be determined, both in patients with MS and HCs. Therefore, this study determined the associations of CCSVI and conventional MR imaging outcomes in patients with MS and in HCs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2, T1, and gadolinium lesion number, LV, and brain atrophy were assessed on 3T MR imaging in 301 subjects, of whom 162 had RRMS, 66 had secondary-progressive MS subtype, and 73 were HCs. CCSVI was assessed using extracranial and transcranial Doppler evaluation. The MR imaging measure differences were explored with 27 borderline cases for CCSVI, added to both the negative and positive CCSVI groups to assess sensitivity of the results of these cases.

RESULTS: No significant differences between subjects with and without CCSVI were found in any of the individual diagnostic subgroups or MS disease subtypes for lesion burden and atrophy measures, independently of the CCSVI classification criteria used, except for a trend for higher T2 lesion number (irrespective of how borderline cases were classified) and lower brain volume (when borderline cases were included in the positive group) in patients with RRMS with CCSVI. No CCSVI or MR imaging differences were found between 26 HCs with, or 47 without, a familial relationship.

CONCLUSIONS: CCSVI is not associated with more severe lesion burden or brain atrophy in patients with MS or in HCs.

CCSVI
:   chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
CIS
:   clinically isolated syndrome
CTEVD
:   Combined Transcranial and Extracranial Venous Doppler
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
HC
:   healthy control
LV
:   lesion volume
RRMS
:   relapsing-remitting MS
SPMS
:   secondary-progressive MS" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Zivadinov" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Cutter" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Marr" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Ramanathan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.H.B. Benedict" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N. Bergsland" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Morgan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Carl" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Hojnacki" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.A. Yeh" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Willis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Cherneva" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Kennedy" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.G. Dwyer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Weinstock-Guttman" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2012-11-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CCSVI has been reported to occur at high frequency in MS. Its significance in relation to MR imaging parameters also needs to be determined, both in patients with MS and HCs. Therefore, this study determined the associations of CCSVI and conventional MR imaging outcomes in patients with MS and in HCs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;T2, T1, and gadolinium lesion number, LV, and brain atrophy were assessed on 3T MR imaging in 301 subjects, of whom 162 had RRMS, 66 had secondary-progressive MS subtype, and 73 were HCs. CCSVI was assessed using extracranial and transcranial Doppler evaluation. The MR imaging measure differences were explored with 27 borderline cases for CCSVI, added to both the negative and positive CCSVI groups to assess sensitivity of the results of these cases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;No significant differences between subjects with and without CCSVI were found in any of the individual diagnostic subgroups or MS disease subtypes for lesion burden and atrophy measures, independently of the CCSVI classification criteria used, except for a trend for higher T2 lesion number (irrespective of how borderline cases were classified) and lower brain volume (when borderline cases were included in the positive group) in patients with RRMS with CCSVI. No CCSVI or MR imaging differences were found between 26 HCs with, or 47 without, a familial relationship.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CCSVI is not associated with more severe lesion burden or brain atrophy in patients with MS or in HCs.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CCSVI has been reported to occur at high frequency in MS. Its significance in relation to MR imaging parameters also needs to be determined, both in patients with MS and HCs. Therefore, this study determined the associations of CCSVI and conventional MR imaging outcomes in patients with MS and in HCs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2, T1, and gadolinium lesion number, LV, and brain atrophy were assessed on 3T MR imaging in 301 subjects, of whom 162 had RRMS, 66 had secondary-progressive MS subtype, and 73 were HCs. CCSVI was assessed using extracranial and transcranial Doppler evaluation. The MR imaging measure differences were explored with 27 borderline cases for CCSVI, added to both the negative and positive CCSVI groups to assess sensitivity of the results of these cases.

RESULTS: No significant differences between subjects with and without CCSVI were found in any of the individual diagnostic subgroups or MS disease subtypes for lesion burden and atrophy measures, independently of the CCSVI classification criteria used, except for a trend for higher T2 lesion number (irrespective of how borderline cases were classified) and lower brain volume (when borderline cases were included in the positive group) in patients with RRMS with CCSVI. No CCSVI or MR imaging differences were found between 26 HCs with, or 47 without, a familial relationship.

CONCLUSIONS: CCSVI is not associated with more severe lesion burden or brain atrophy in patients with MS or in HCs.

CCSVI
:   chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
CIS
:   clinically isolated syndrome
CTEVD
:   Combined Transcranial and Extracranial Venous Doppler
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
HC
:   healthy control
LV
:   lesion volume
RRMS
:   relapsing-remitting MS
SPMS
:   secondary-progressive MS" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/33/10/1913" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CCSVI has been reported to occur at high frequency in MS. Its significance in relation to MR imaging parameters also needs to be determined, both in patients with MS and HCs. Therefore, this study determined the associations of CCSVI and conventional MR imaging outcomes in patients with MS and in HCs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2, T1, and gadolinium lesion number, LV, and brain atrophy were assessed on 3T MR imaging in 301 subjects, of whom 162 had RRMS, 66 had secondary-progressive MS subtype, and 73 were HCs. CCSVI was assessed using extracranial and transcranial Doppler evaluation. The MR imaging measure differences were explored with 27 borderline cases for CCSVI, added to both the negative and positive CCSVI groups to assess sensitivity of the results of these cases.

RESULTS: No significant differences between subjects with and without CCSVI were found in any of the individual diagnostic subgroups or MS disease subtypes for lesion burden and atrophy measures, independently of the CCSVI classification criteria used, except for a trend for higher T2 lesion number (irrespective of how borderline cases were classified) and lower brain volume (when borderline cases were included in the positive group) in patients with RRMS with CCSVI. No CCSVI or MR imaging differences were found between 26 HCs with, or 47 without, a familial relationship.

CONCLUSIONS: CCSVI is not associated with more severe lesion burden or brain atrophy in patients with MS or in HCs.

CCSVI
:   chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
CIS
:   clinically isolated syndrome
CTEVD
:   Combined Transcranial and Extracranial Venous Doppler
EDSS
:   Expanded Disability Status Scale
HC
:   healthy control
LV
:   lesion volume
RRMS
:   relapsing-remitting MS
SPMS
:   secondary-progressive MS" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node12164--5" data-node-nid="12164" id="top-node-12164--61057819003" data-pisa="ajnr;33/10/1913" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A3112" data-apath="/ajnr/33/10/1913.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Brain</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">R. Zivadinov</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">G. Cutter</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">K. Marr</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">M. Ramanathan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">R.H.B. Benedict</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">N. Bergsland</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">C. Morgan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">E. Carl</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">D. Hojnacki</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">E.A. Yeh</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">L. Willis</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">M. Cherneva</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">C. Kennedy</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">M.G. Dwyer</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">B. Weinstock-Guttman</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2012,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">33 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1913-1917; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3112 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-12164--61057819003" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Zivadinov </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BZivadinov%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zivadinov%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BZivadinov%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G. Cutter </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Biostatistics (G.C., C.M.), University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BCutter%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cutter%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BCutter%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Marr </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BMarr%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Marr%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BMarr%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Ramanathan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M.R.), State University of New York, Buffalo, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BRamanathan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ramanathan%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BRamanathan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.H.B. Benedict </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.H.B.%2BBenedict%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Benedict%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.H.B.%2BBenedict%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N. Bergsland </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.%2BBergsland%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bergsland%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.%2BBergsland%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Morgan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Biostatistics (G.C., C.M.), University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BMorgan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Morgan%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BMorgan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E. Carl </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.%2BCarl%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Carl%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.%2BCarl%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Hojnacki </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BHojnacki%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hojnacki%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BHojnacki%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E.A. Yeh </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.A.%2BYeh%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yeh%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.A.%2BYeh%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Willis </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BWillis%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Willis%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BWillis%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Cherneva </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BCherneva%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cherneva%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BCherneva%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Kennedy </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BKennedy%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kennedy%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BKennedy%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.G. Dwyer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center (R.Z., K.M., N.B., E.C., L.W., M.C., C.K., M.G.D.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.G.%2BDwyer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dwyer%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.G.%2BDwyer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. Weinstock-Guttman </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>The Jacobs Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology (R.Z., R.H.B.B., D.H., E.A.Y., B.W.-G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.%2BWeinstock-Guttman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Weinstock-Guttman%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.%2BWeinstock-Guttman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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<p id="p-23">Demographic and clinical characteristics of the enrolled disease group subtypes</p>
<div class="sb-div caption-clear"></div></div><table frame="hsides" id="table-1"><thead valign="bottom" id="thead-1" class="table-vbottom"><tr id="tr-1"><th rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="th-1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="th-2" class="table-center">HC (<em>n</em> = 73)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="th-3" class="table-center">RRMS (<em>n</em> = 162)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="th-4" class="table-center">SPMS (<em>n</em> = 66)</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top" id="tbody-1" class="table-vtop"><tr id="tr-2"><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-1" class="table-left">Age, median (IQR)</td><td align="char" char="(" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-2" class="table-char">44 (17)</td><td align="char" char="(" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-3" class="table-char">44 (16)</td><td align="char" char="(" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-4" class="table-char">54.5 (9)</td></tr><tr id="tr-3"><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-5" class="table-left">Sex</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-6"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-7"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-8"></td></tr><tr id="tr-4"><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-9" class="table-left">    % Male</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-10" class="table-char">45.2</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-11" class="table-char">22.8</td><td align="char" char="." rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-12" class="table-char">19.7</td></tr><tr id="tr-5"><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-13" class="table-left">    Male/female</td><td align="char" char="/" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-14" class="table-char">33/40</td><td align="char" char="/" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-15" class="table-char">37/125</td><td align="char" char="/" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-16" class="table-char">13/53</td></tr><tr id="tr-6"><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-17" class="table-left">EDSS, median (IQR) [# missing]</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-18"></td><td align="char" char="(" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-19" class="table-char">2 (1.5) [8]</td><td align="char" char="(" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-20" class="table-char">6 (2) [2]</td></tr><tr id="tr-7"><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-21" class="table-left">Disease duration, years; median (IQR)</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-22"></td><td align="char" char="(" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-23" class="table-char">9 (11)</td><td align="char" char="(" rowspan="1" colspan="1" id="td-24" class="table-char">19.5 (18)</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="table-foot"><ul class="table-footnotes"><li class="fn-other" id="fn-1">
<p id="p-24"><strong>Note:</strong>—Of the 228 patients with MS, 204 were on disease-modifying therapy. These included 68 patients on interferon beta-1a I.M., 23 on interferon beta 1a S.C., 1 on interferon beta 1b, 46 on glatiramer acetate, 50 on natalizumab, 3 on intravenous immunoglobulin, 4 on mycophenolate mofetil, 2 on azathioprine, 2 on combination therapy, and 1 on mitoxantrone; drug data for 4 patients were not recorded. IQR indicates interquartile range.</p>
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zivadinov</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cutter</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Marr</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ramanathan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.H.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Benedict</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bergsland</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Morgan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Carl</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hojnacki</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yeh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Willis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cherneva</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kennedy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dwyer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weinstock-Guttman</span></span></span></div>
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">No Association Between Conventional Brain MR Imaging and Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Multiple Sclerosis</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zivadinov</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cutter</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Marr</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ramanathan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.H.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Benedict</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bergsland</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Morgan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Carl</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hojnacki</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yeh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Willis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cherneva</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kennedy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dwyer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Weinstock-Guttman</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2012, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">33 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1913-1917; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3112 </span></div>
  
  
  
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