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<meta name="DC.Title" content="White Matter Abnormalities Are Related to Microstructural Changes in Preterm Neonates at Term-Equivalent Age: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Probabilistic Tractography Study" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A2872" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2012-05-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2012 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. 
Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preterm infants have a high risk of brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment, often associated with WMA on conventional MR imaging. DTI can provide insight into white matter microstructure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between WMA on conventional MR imaging and DTI parameters in specific fibers in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy preterm neonates (39 boys and 31 girls) were included in the study. WMA were classified as no, mild, moderate, or severe. Probabilistic tractography provided tract volumes, FA, MD, λ//, and λ⊥ in the CST, SLF, TRs, and corpus callosum. Data were compared by using MANOVA, and adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed.

RESULTS: Important associations were found between WMA and microstructural changes. Compared with neonates with no WMA ( n = 41), those with mild WMA ( n = 27) had significantly increased λ⊥ and MD in the left ATR, the left sensory STR, the bilateral motor STR, and for λ⊥ also in the right CST; FA decreased significantly in the left sensory STR. Diminished tract volumes and altered diffusion indices were also observed in the 2 neonates with moderate WMA.

CONCLUSIONS: Altered DTI indices in specific tracts, with λ⊥ as most prominent, are associated with mild WMA in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.

ATR
:   anterior thalamic radiation
CST
:   corticospinal tract
λ//
:   longitudinal diffusivity
λ⊥
:   transverse diffusivity
MANOVA
:   multivariate analysis of variance
MD
:   mean diffusivity
pre-OL
:   pre- and immature oligodendroglial cells
PTR
:   posterior thalamic radiation
SLF
:   superior longitudinal fasciculus
STR
:   superior thalamic radiation
TRs
:   thalamic radiations
WMA
:   white matter abnormalities" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Liu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Aeby" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Balériaux" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. David" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Absil" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V. De Maertelaer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Van Bogaert" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Avni" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Metens" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2012-05-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="White Matter Abnormalities Are Related to Microstructural Changes in Preterm Neonates at Term-Equivalent Age: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Probabilistic Tractography Study" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Preterm infants have a high risk of brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment, often associated with WMA on conventional MR imaging. DTI can provide insight into white matter microstructure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between WMA on conventional MR imaging and DTI parameters in specific fibers in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Seventy preterm neonates (39 boys and 31 girls) were included in the study. WMA were classified as no, mild, moderate, or severe. Probabilistic tractography provided tract volumes, FA, MD, λ&lt;sub&gt;//&lt;/sub&gt;, and λ&lt;sub&gt;⊥&lt;/sub&gt; in the CST, SLF, TRs, and corpus callosum. Data were compared by using MANOVA, and adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Important associations were found between WMA and microstructural changes. Compared with neonates with no WMA (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 41), those with mild WMA (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 27) had significantly increased λ&lt;sub&gt;⊥&lt;/sub&gt; and MD in the left ATR, the left sensory STR, the bilateral motor STR, and for λ&lt;sub&gt;⊥&lt;/sub&gt; also in the right CST; FA decreased significantly in the left sensory STR. Diminished tract volumes and altered diffusion indices were also observed in the 2 neonates with moderate WMA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Altered DTI indices in specific tracts, with λ&lt;sub&gt;⊥&lt;/sub&gt; as most prominent, are associated with mild WMA in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="White Matter Abnormalities Are Related to Microstructural Changes in Preterm Neonates at Term-Equivalent Age: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Probabilistic Tractography Study" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preterm infants have a high risk of brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment, often associated with WMA on conventional MR imaging. DTI can provide insight into white matter microstructure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between WMA on conventional MR imaging and DTI parameters in specific fibers in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy preterm neonates (39 boys and 31 girls) were included in the study. WMA were classified as no, mild, moderate, or severe. Probabilistic tractography provided tract volumes, FA, MD, λ//, and λ⊥ in the CST, SLF, TRs, and corpus callosum. Data were compared by using MANOVA, and adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed.

RESULTS: Important associations were found between WMA and microstructural changes. Compared with neonates with no WMA ( n = 41), those with mild WMA ( n = 27) had significantly increased λ⊥ and MD in the left ATR, the left sensory STR, the bilateral motor STR, and for λ⊥ also in the right CST; FA decreased significantly in the left sensory STR. Diminished tract volumes and altered diffusion indices were also observed in the 2 neonates with moderate WMA.

CONCLUSIONS: Altered DTI indices in specific tracts, with λ⊥ as most prominent, are associated with mild WMA in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.

ATR
:   anterior thalamic radiation
CST
:   corticospinal tract
λ//
:   longitudinal diffusivity
λ⊥
:   transverse diffusivity
MANOVA
:   multivariate analysis of variance
MD
:   mean diffusivity
pre-OL
:   pre- and immature oligodendroglial cells
PTR
:   posterior thalamic radiation
SLF
:   superior longitudinal fasciculus
STR
:   superior thalamic radiation
TRs
:   thalamic radiations
WMA
:   white matter abnormalities" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="White Matter Abnormalities Are Related to Microstructural Changes in Preterm Neonates at Term-Equivalent Age: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Probabilistic Tractography Study" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/33/5/839" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preterm infants have a high risk of brain injury and neurodevelopmental impairment, often associated with WMA on conventional MR imaging. DTI can provide insight into white matter microstructure. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between WMA on conventional MR imaging and DTI parameters in specific fibers in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy preterm neonates (39 boys and 31 girls) were included in the study. WMA were classified as no, mild, moderate, or severe. Probabilistic tractography provided tract volumes, FA, MD, λ//, and λ⊥ in the CST, SLF, TRs, and corpus callosum. Data were compared by using MANOVA, and adjustment for multiple comparisons was performed.

RESULTS: Important associations were found between WMA and microstructural changes. Compared with neonates with no WMA ( n = 41), those with mild WMA ( n = 27) had significantly increased λ⊥ and MD in the left ATR, the left sensory STR, the bilateral motor STR, and for λ⊥ also in the right CST; FA decreased significantly in the left sensory STR. Diminished tract volumes and altered diffusion indices were also observed in the 2 neonates with moderate WMA.

CONCLUSIONS: Altered DTI indices in specific tracts, with λ⊥ as most prominent, are associated with mild WMA in preterm neonates at term-equivalent age.

ATR
:   anterior thalamic radiation
CST
:   corticospinal tract
λ//
:   longitudinal diffusivity
λ⊥
:   transverse diffusivity
MANOVA
:   multivariate analysis of variance
MD
:   mean diffusivity
pre-OL
:   pre- and immature oligodendroglial cells
PTR
:   posterior thalamic radiation
SLF
:   superior longitudinal fasciculus
STR
:   superior thalamic radiation
TRs
:   thalamic radiations
WMA
:   white matter abnormalities" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Pediatrics</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">White Matter Abnormalities Are Related to Microstructural Changes in Preterm Neonates at Term-Equivalent Age: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Probabilistic Tractography Study</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Y. Liu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">A. Aeby</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">D. Balériaux</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">P. David</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J. Absil</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">V. De Maertelaer</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">P. Van Bogaert</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">F. Avni</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">T. Metens</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2012,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">33 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">839-845; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A2872 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-11922--61593144637" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Liu </div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BLiu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Liu%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BLiu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. 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                  <em>Online Table 1:</em>  Clinical characteristics of preterm infants
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                  <em>Online Table 2:</em>  Tract volume (mm<sup>3</sup>) in each tract
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                  <em>Online Table 3:</em>  λ<sub>//</sub> (*10<sup>-3</sup>mm<sup>2</sup>/s) in each tract
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