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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Patient Radiation Dose Management in the Follow-Up of Potential Skin Injuries in Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3211" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2013-02-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation exposure from neurointerventional procedures can be substantial, with risk of radiation injuries. We present the results of a follow-up program applied to potential skin injuries in interventional neuroradiology based on North American and European guidelines.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following guidelines approved in 2009 by SIR and CIRSE have been used over the last 2 years to identify patients with potential skin injuries requiring clinical follow-up: peak skin dose &gt;3 Gy, air kerma at the patient entrance reference point &gt;5 Gy, kerma area product &gt;500 Gy · cm2, or fluoroscopy time &gt;60 minutes.

RESULTS: A total of 708 procedures (325 in 2009 and 383 in 2010) were included in the study. After analyzing each dose report, 19 patients (5.9%) were included in a follow-up program for potential skin injuries in 2009, while in 2010, after introducing several optimizing actions and refining the selection criteria, only 4 patients (1.0%) needed follow-up. Over the last 2 years, only 3 patients required referral to a dermatology service.

CONCLUSIONS: The application of the guidelines to patient radiation dose management helped standardize the selection criteria for including patients in the clinical follow-up program of potential skin radiation injuries. The peak skin dose resulted in the most relevant parameter. The refinement of selection criteria and the introduction of a low-dose protocol in the x-ray system, combined with a training program focused on radiation protection, reduced the number of patients requiring clinical follow-up.

CIRSE
:   Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe
DAP
:   dose-area product
DOLIR
:   dose on-line for interventional radiology
ICRP
:   International Commission on Radiologic Protection
SIR
:   Society of Interventional Radiology" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Vano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.M. Fernandez" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.M. Sanchez" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Martinez" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Lopez Ibor" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Gil" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Serna-Candel" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2013-02-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Patient Safety" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Patient Radiation Dose Management in the Follow-Up of Potential Skin Injuries in Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Radiation exposure from neurointerventional procedures can be substantial, with risk of radiation injuries. We present the results of a follow-up program applied to potential skin injuries in interventional neuroradiology based on North American and European guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The following guidelines approved in 2009 by SIR and CIRSE have been used over the last 2 years to identify patients with potential skin injuries requiring clinical follow-up: peak skin dose &amp;gt;3 Gy, air kerma at the patient entrance reference point &amp;gt;5 Gy, kerma area product &amp;gt;500 Gy · cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, or fluoroscopy time &amp;gt;60 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A total of 708 procedures (325 in 2009 and 383 in 2010) were included in the study. After analyzing each dose report, 19 patients (5.9%) were included in a follow-up program for potential skin injuries in 2009, while in 2010, after introducing several optimizing actions and refining the selection criteria, only 4 patients (1.0%) needed follow-up. Over the last 2 years, only 3 patients required referral to a dermatology service.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The application of the guidelines to patient radiation dose management helped standardize the selection criteria for including patients in the clinical follow-up program of potential skin radiation injuries. The peak skin dose resulted in the most relevant parameter. The refinement of selection criteria and the introduction of a low-dose protocol in the x-ray system, combined with a training program focused on radiation protection, reduced the number of patients requiring clinical follow-up.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Patient Radiation Dose Management in the Follow-Up of Potential Skin Injuries in Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation exposure from neurointerventional procedures can be substantial, with risk of radiation injuries. We present the results of a follow-up program applied to potential skin injuries in interventional neuroradiology based on North American and European guidelines.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following guidelines approved in 2009 by SIR and CIRSE have been used over the last 2 years to identify patients with potential skin injuries requiring clinical follow-up: peak skin dose &gt;3 Gy, air kerma at the patient entrance reference point &gt;5 Gy, kerma area product &gt;500 Gy · cm2, or fluoroscopy time &gt;60 minutes.

RESULTS: A total of 708 procedures (325 in 2009 and 383 in 2010) were included in the study. After analyzing each dose report, 19 patients (5.9%) were included in a follow-up program for potential skin injuries in 2009, while in 2010, after introducing several optimizing actions and refining the selection criteria, only 4 patients (1.0%) needed follow-up. Over the last 2 years, only 3 patients required referral to a dermatology service.

CONCLUSIONS: The application of the guidelines to patient radiation dose management helped standardize the selection criteria for including patients in the clinical follow-up program of potential skin radiation injuries. The peak skin dose resulted in the most relevant parameter. The refinement of selection criteria and the introduction of a low-dose protocol in the x-ray system, combined with a training program focused on radiation protection, reduced the number of patients requiring clinical follow-up.

CIRSE
:   Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe
DAP
:   dose-area product
DOLIR
:   dose on-line for interventional radiology
ICRP
:   International Commission on Radiologic Protection
SIR
:   Society of Interventional Radiology" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Patient Radiation Dose Management in the Follow-Up of Potential Skin Injuries in Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/34/2/277" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation exposure from neurointerventional procedures can be substantial, with risk of radiation injuries. We present the results of a follow-up program applied to potential skin injuries in interventional neuroradiology based on North American and European guidelines.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following guidelines approved in 2009 by SIR and CIRSE have been used over the last 2 years to identify patients with potential skin injuries requiring clinical follow-up: peak skin dose &gt;3 Gy, air kerma at the patient entrance reference point &gt;5 Gy, kerma area product &gt;500 Gy · cm2, or fluoroscopy time &gt;60 minutes.

RESULTS: A total of 708 procedures (325 in 2009 and 383 in 2010) were included in the study. After analyzing each dose report, 19 patients (5.9%) were included in a follow-up program for potential skin injuries in 2009, while in 2010, after introducing several optimizing actions and refining the selection criteria, only 4 patients (1.0%) needed follow-up. Over the last 2 years, only 3 patients required referral to a dermatology service.

CONCLUSIONS: The application of the guidelines to patient radiation dose management helped standardize the selection criteria for including patients in the clinical follow-up program of potential skin radiation injuries. The peak skin dose resulted in the most relevant parameter. The refinement of selection criteria and the introduction of a low-dose protocol in the x-ray system, combined with a training program focused on radiation protection, reduced the number of patients requiring clinical follow-up.

CIRSE
:   Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe
DAP
:   dose-area product
DOLIR
:   dose on-line for interventional radiology
ICRP
:   International Commission on Radiologic Protection
SIR
:   Society of Interventional Radiology" />
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Patient Radiation Dose Management in the Follow-Up of Potential Skin Injuries in Neuroradiology</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">E. Vano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">J.M. Fernandez</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">R.M. Sanchez</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">D. Martinez</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">L. Lopez Ibor</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">A. Gil</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">C. Serna-Candel</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">February 2013,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(2) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">277-282; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3211 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-12428--61730802528" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E. Vano </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Medical Physics Service and Radiology Department (E.M., J.M.F.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Complutense University, Madrid, Spain</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.%2BVano%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Vano%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.%2BVano%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.M. Fernandez </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Medical Physics Service and Radiology Department (E.M., J.M.F.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Complutense University, Madrid, Spain</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.M.%2BFernandez%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fernandez%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.M.%2BFernandez%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.M. Sanchez </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Medical Physics Service (R.M.S., D.M.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.M.%2BSanchez%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sanchez%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.M.%2BSanchez%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Martinez </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Medical Physics Service (R.M.S., D.M.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BMartinez%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Martinez%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BMartinez%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Lopez Ibor </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic Radiology Service (L.L.I., A.G., C.S.-C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BLopez%2BIbor%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ibor%20LL&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BLopez%2BIbor%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Gil </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic Radiology Service (L.L.I., A.G., C.S.-C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BGil%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gil%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BGil%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Serna-Candel </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Interventional Neuroradiology Unit, Diagnostic Radiology Service (L.L.I., A.G., C.S.-C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BSerna-Candel%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Serna-Candel%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BSerna-Candel%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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<p id="p-2"><strong>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</strong> Radiation exposure from neurointerventional procedures can be substantial, with risk of radiation injuries. We present the results of a follow-up program applied to potential skin injuries in interventional neuroradiology based on North American and European guidelines.</p>
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<p id="p-3"><strong>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</strong> The following guidelines approved in 2009 by SIR and CIRSE have been used over the last 2 years to identify patients with potential skin injuries requiring clinical follow-up: peak skin dose &gt;3 Gy, air kerma at the patient entrance reference point &gt;5 Gy, kerma area product &gt;500 Gy · cm<sup>2</sup>, or fluoroscopy time &gt;60 minutes.</p>
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<p id="p-4"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> A total of 708 procedures (325 in 2009 and 383 in 2010) were included in the study. After analyzing each dose report, 19 patients (5.9%) were included in a follow-up program for potential skin injuries in 2009, while in 2010, after introducing several optimizing actions and refining the selection criteria, only 4 patients (1.0%) needed follow-up. Over the last 2 years, only 3 patients required referral to a dermatology service.</p>
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<p id="p-5"><strong>CONCLUSIONS:</strong> The application of the guidelines to patient radiation dose management helped standardize the selection criteria for including patients in the clinical follow-up program of potential skin radiation injuries. The peak skin dose resulted in the most relevant parameter. The refinement of selection criteria and the introduction of a low-dose protocol in the x-ray system, combined with a training program focused on radiation protection, reduced the number of patients requiring clinical follow-up.</p>
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<h2>ABBREVIATIONS:</h2>
<dl id="def-list-1"><dt id="def-item-1">CIRSE<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-2">DAP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>dose-area product<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-3">DOLIR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>dose on-line for interventional radiology<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-4">ICRP<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>International Commission on Radiologic Protection<span class="def-item-dd-sep"></span></dd><dt id="def-item-5">SIR<span class="def-item-dt-sep"></span></dt><dd>Society of Interventional Radiology</dd></dl>
</div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2013 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><div class="license" id="license-1"><p id="p-1">Indicates open access to non-subscribers at <a href="http://www.ajnr.org">www.ajnr.org</a></p></div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/34/2/277.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 34</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 2 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Feb 2013 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fernandez</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sanchez</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Martinez</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">L. Lopez</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ibor</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gil</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Serna-Candel</span></span></span></div>
  
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