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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Microstructural Integrity of Cerebral Fiber Tracts in Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis with SPG11 Mutation" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3330" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2013-05-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2013 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: ARHSP-TCC is characterized by progressive leg spasticity, ataxia, and cognitive dysfunction. Although mutations in the human SPG11 gene were identified as responsible for ARHSP-TCC, the cerebral fiber integrity has not been assessed systemically. The objective of this study was to assess cerebral fiber integrity and its clinical significance in patients with ARHSP-TCC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients from 2 families who were clinically and genetically confirmed to have ARHSP-TCC were examined by neuropsychological evaluation and DSI of the brain. We performed voxel-based GFA analysis for global white matter evaluation, tractography-based analysis for tract-to-tract comparisons, and tract-specific analysis of the CST to evaluate microstructural integrity along the axonal direction.

RESULTS: The neuropsychological evaluation revealed widespread cognitive decline across all domains. Voxel-based analysis showed global reduction of GFA in the cerebral white matter. Tractography-based analysis revealed a significant reduction of the microstructural integrity in all neural fiber types, while commissure and association fibers had more GFA reduction than projection fibers ( P &lt; .00001). Prefrontal and motor portions of the CC were most severely affected among all fiber tracts ( P &lt; .00001, P = .018). Tract-specific analysis of the CST validated a “dying-back” phenomenon ( R 2 = 0.68, P &lt; .00001).

CONCLUSIONS: There was a characteristic gradation in the reduction of microstructural integrity among fiber types and within the CC in patients with the SPG11 mutation. The dying-back process in CST might explain the pathogenic mechanisms for ARHSP-TCC.

ARHSP-TCC
:   autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraparesis with thin corpus callosum
CC
:   corpus callosum
CST
:   corticospinal tract
DSI
:   diffusion spectrum imaging
GFA
:   generalized fractional anisotropy" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.-K. Pan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.-C. Huang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y.-C. Lo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Chih-Chao Yang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.-W. Cheng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Chi-Cheng Yang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.-S. Hua" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.-J. Lee" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W.-Y.I. Tseng" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2013-05-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Microstructural Integrity of Cerebral Fiber Tracts in Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis with SPG11 Mutation" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;ARHSP-TCC is characterized by progressive leg spasticity, ataxia, and cognitive dysfunction. Although mutations in the human &lt;i&gt;SPG11&lt;/i&gt; gene were identified as responsible for ARHSP-TCC, the cerebral fiber integrity has not been assessed systemically. The objective of this study was to assess cerebral fiber integrity and its clinical significance in patients with ARHSP-TCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Five patients from 2 families who were clinically and genetically confirmed to have ARHSP-TCC were examined by neuropsychological evaluation and DSI of the brain. We performed voxel-based GFA analysis for global white matter evaluation, tractography-based analysis for tract-to-tract comparisons, and tract-specific analysis of the CST to evaluate microstructural integrity along the axonal direction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The neuropsychological evaluation revealed widespread cognitive decline across all domains. Voxel-based analysis showed global reduction of GFA in the cerebral white matter. Tractography-based analysis revealed a significant reduction of the microstructural integrity in all neural fiber types, while commissure and association fibers had more GFA reduction than projection fibers (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .00001). Prefrontal and motor portions of the CC were most severely affected among all fiber tracts (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .00001, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .018). Tract-specific analysis of the CST validated a “dying-back” phenomenon (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.68, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .00001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;There was a characteristic gradation in the reduction of microstructural integrity among fiber types and within the CC in patients with the &lt;i&gt;SPG11&lt;/i&gt; mutation. The dying-back process in CST might explain the pathogenic mechanisms for ARHSP-TCC.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Microstructural Integrity of Cerebral Fiber Tracts in Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis with SPG11 Mutation" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: ARHSP-TCC is characterized by progressive leg spasticity, ataxia, and cognitive dysfunction. Although mutations in the human SPG11 gene were identified as responsible for ARHSP-TCC, the cerebral fiber integrity has not been assessed systemically. The objective of this study was to assess cerebral fiber integrity and its clinical significance in patients with ARHSP-TCC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients from 2 families who were clinically and genetically confirmed to have ARHSP-TCC were examined by neuropsychological evaluation and DSI of the brain. We performed voxel-based GFA analysis for global white matter evaluation, tractography-based analysis for tract-to-tract comparisons, and tract-specific analysis of the CST to evaluate microstructural integrity along the axonal direction.

RESULTS: The neuropsychological evaluation revealed widespread cognitive decline across all domains. Voxel-based analysis showed global reduction of GFA in the cerebral white matter. Tractography-based analysis revealed a significant reduction of the microstructural integrity in all neural fiber types, while commissure and association fibers had more GFA reduction than projection fibers ( P &lt; .00001). Prefrontal and motor portions of the CC were most severely affected among all fiber tracts ( P &lt; .00001, P = .018). Tract-specific analysis of the CST validated a “dying-back” phenomenon ( R 2 = 0.68, P &lt; .00001).

CONCLUSIONS: There was a characteristic gradation in the reduction of microstructural integrity among fiber types and within the CC in patients with the SPG11 mutation. The dying-back process in CST might explain the pathogenic mechanisms for ARHSP-TCC.

ARHSP-TCC
:   autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraparesis with thin corpus callosum
CC
:   corpus callosum
CST
:   corticospinal tract
DSI
:   diffusion spectrum imaging
GFA
:   generalized fractional anisotropy" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Microstructural Integrity of Cerebral Fiber Tracts in Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis with SPG11 Mutation" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/34/5/990" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: ARHSP-TCC is characterized by progressive leg spasticity, ataxia, and cognitive dysfunction. Although mutations in the human SPG11 gene were identified as responsible for ARHSP-TCC, the cerebral fiber integrity has not been assessed systemically. The objective of this study was to assess cerebral fiber integrity and its clinical significance in patients with ARHSP-TCC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients from 2 families who were clinically and genetically confirmed to have ARHSP-TCC were examined by neuropsychological evaluation and DSI of the brain. We performed voxel-based GFA analysis for global white matter evaluation, tractography-based analysis for tract-to-tract comparisons, and tract-specific analysis of the CST to evaluate microstructural integrity along the axonal direction.

RESULTS: The neuropsychological evaluation revealed widespread cognitive decline across all domains. Voxel-based analysis showed global reduction of GFA in the cerebral white matter. Tractography-based analysis revealed a significant reduction of the microstructural integrity in all neural fiber types, while commissure and association fibers had more GFA reduction than projection fibers ( P &lt; .00001). Prefrontal and motor portions of the CC were most severely affected among all fiber tracts ( P &lt; .00001, P = .018). Tract-specific analysis of the CST validated a “dying-back” phenomenon ( R 2 = 0.68, P &lt; .00001).

CONCLUSIONS: There was a characteristic gradation in the reduction of microstructural integrity among fiber types and within the CC in patients with the SPG11 mutation. The dying-back process in CST might explain the pathogenic mechanisms for ARHSP-TCC.

ARHSP-TCC
:   autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraparesis with thin corpus callosum
CC
:   corpus callosum
CST
:   corticospinal tract
DSI
:   diffusion spectrum imaging
GFA
:   generalized fractional anisotropy" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node12470--5" data-node-nid="12470" id="top-node-12470--615389841" data-pisa="ajnr;34/5/990" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A3330" data-apath="/ajnr/34/5/990.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Brain</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Microstructural Integrity of Cerebral Fiber Tracts in Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis with <em>SPG11</em> Mutation</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M.-K. Pan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">S.-C. Huang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Y.-C. Lo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Chih-Chao Yang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">T.-W. Cheng</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Chi-Cheng Yang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">M.-S. Hua</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">M.-J. Lee</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">W.-Y.I. Tseng</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2013,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">990-996; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3330 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-12470--615389841" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.-K. Pan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neurology (M.-K.P., Chih-Chao Y., T.-W.C., M.-J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.-K.%2BPan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pan%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.-K.%2BPan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.-C. Huang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine (S.-C.H., Y.-C.L., W.-Y.I.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.-C.%2BHuang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Huang%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.-C.%2BHuang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y.-C. Lo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine (S.-C.H., Y.-C.L., W.-Y.I.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.-C.%2BLo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lo%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.-C.%2BLo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Chih-Chao Yang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neurology (M.-K.P., Chih-Chao Y., T.-W.C., M.-J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Chih-Chao%2BYang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yang%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AChih-Chao%2BYang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.-W. Cheng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neurology (M.-K.P., Chih-Chao Y., T.-W.C., M.-J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.-W.%2BCheng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cheng%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.-W.%2BCheng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Chi-Cheng Yang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Psychology (Chi-Cheng Y., M.-S.H.), National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Chi-Cheng%2BYang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yang%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AChi-Cheng%2BYang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.-S. Hua </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Psychology (Chi-Cheng Y., M.-S.H.), National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.-S.%2BHua%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hua%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.-S.%2BHua%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.-J. Lee </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Neurology (M.-K.P., Chih-Chao Y., T.-W.C., M.-J.L.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Medical Genetics (M.-J.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.-J.%2BLee%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lee%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.-J.%2BLee%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W.-Y.I. Tseng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Medical Imaging (W.-Y.I.T.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine (S.-C.H., Y.-C.L., W.-Y.I.T.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences (W.-Y.I.T.), National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.-Y.I.%2BTseng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tseng%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.-Y.I.%2BTseng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2>References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a>

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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 34</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 5 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 May 2013 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Microstructural Integrity of Cerebral Fiber Tracts in Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis with <em>SPG11</em> Mutation</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2013, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">990-996; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3330 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Microstructural Integrity of Cerebral Fiber Tracts in Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis with <em>SPG11</em> Mutation</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.-K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.-C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Huang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.-C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Chih-Chao</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.-W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cheng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Chi-Cheng</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.-S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hua</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.-J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.-Y.I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tseng</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2013, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">34 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">990-996; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3330 </span></div>
  
  
  
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