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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Artifact Reduction of Different Metallic Implants in Flat Detector C-Arm CT" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3851" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-07-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2014 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flat detector CT has been increasingly used as a follow-up examination after endovascular intervention. Metal artifact reduction has been successfully demonstrated in coil mass cases, but only in a small series. We attempted to objectively and subjectively evaluate the feasibility of metal artifact reduction with various metallic objects and coil lengths.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reprocessed the flat detector CT data of 28 patients (15 men, 13 women; mean age, 55.6 years) after they underwent endovascular treatment (20 coiling ± stent placement, 6 liquid embolizers) or shunt drainage ( n = 2) between January 2009 and November 2011 by using a metal artifact reduction correction algorithm. We measured CT value ranges and noise by using region-of-interest methods, and 2 experienced neuroradiologists rated the degrees of improved imaging quality and artifact reduction by comparing uncorrected and corrected images.

RESULTS: After we applied the metal artifact reduction algorithm, the CT value ranges and the noise were substantially reduced (1815.3 ± 793.7 versus 231.7 ± 95.9 and 319.9 ± 136.6 versus 45.9 ± 14.0; both P &lt; .001) regardless of the types of metallic objects and various sizes of coil masses. The rater study achieved an overall improvement of imaging quality and artifact reduction (85.7% and 78.6% of cases by 2 raters, respectively), with the greatest improvement in the coiling group, moderate improvement in the liquid embolizers, and the smallest improvement in ventricular shunting (overall agreement, 0.857).

CONCLUSIONS: The metal artifact reduction algorithm substantially reduced artifacts and improved the objective image quality in every studied case. It also allowed improved diagnostic confidence in most cases.

CCF
:   carotid cavernous fistula
FDCT
:   flat detector CT
MAR
:   metal artifact reduction
HU
:   Hounsfield unit" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.-C. Hung" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.-C. Wu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.-J. Lin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W.-Y. Guo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.-B. Luo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F.-C. Chang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.-Y. Chang" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2014-07-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Patient Safety" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Artifact Reduction of Different Metallic Implants in Flat Detector C-Arm CT" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Flat detector CT has been increasingly used as a follow-up examination after endovascular intervention. Metal artifact reduction has been successfully demonstrated in coil mass cases, but only in a small series. We attempted to objectively and subjectively evaluate the feasibility of metal artifact reduction with various metallic objects and coil lengths.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We retrospectively reprocessed the flat detector CT data of 28 patients (15 men, 13 women; mean age, 55.6 years) after they underwent endovascular treatment (20 coiling ± stent placement, 6 liquid embolizers) or shunt drainage (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2) between January 2009 and November 2011 by using a metal artifact reduction correction algorithm. We measured CT value ranges and noise by using region-of-interest methods, and 2 experienced neuroradiologists rated the degrees of improved imaging quality and artifact reduction by comparing uncorrected and corrected images.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;After we applied the metal artifact reduction algorithm, the CT value ranges and the noise were substantially reduced (1815.3 ± 793.7 versus 231.7 ± 95.9 and 319.9 ± 136.6 versus 45.9 ± 14.0; both &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001) regardless of the types of metallic objects and various sizes of coil masses. The rater study achieved an overall improvement of imaging quality and artifact reduction (85.7% and 78.6% of cases by 2 raters, respectively), with the greatest improvement in the coiling group, moderate improvement in the liquid embolizers, and the smallest improvement in ventricular shunting (overall agreement, 0.857).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The metal artifact reduction algorithm substantially reduced artifacts and improved the objective image quality in every studied case. It also allowed improved diagnostic confidence in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="1288" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="S.-C. Hung" />
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<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bDepartment of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (S.-C.H.)" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="C.-J. Lin" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Artifact Reduction of Different Metallic Implants in Flat Detector C-Arm CT" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/35/7.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flat detector CT has been increasingly used as a follow-up examination after endovascular intervention. Metal artifact reduction has been successfully demonstrated in coil mass cases, but only in a small series. We attempted to objectively and subjectively evaluate the feasibility of metal artifact reduction with various metallic objects and coil lengths.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reprocessed the flat detector CT data of 28 patients (15 men, 13 women; mean age, 55.6 years) after they underwent endovascular treatment (20 coiling ± stent placement, 6 liquid embolizers) or shunt drainage ( n = 2) between January 2009 and November 2011 by using a metal artifact reduction correction algorithm. We measured CT value ranges and noise by using region-of-interest methods, and 2 experienced neuroradiologists rated the degrees of improved imaging quality and artifact reduction by comparing uncorrected and corrected images.

RESULTS: After we applied the metal artifact reduction algorithm, the CT value ranges and the noise were substantially reduced (1815.3 ± 793.7 versus 231.7 ± 95.9 and 319.9 ± 136.6 versus 45.9 ± 14.0; both P &lt; .001) regardless of the types of metallic objects and various sizes of coil masses. The rater study achieved an overall improvement of imaging quality and artifact reduction (85.7% and 78.6% of cases by 2 raters, respectively), with the greatest improvement in the coiling group, moderate improvement in the liquid embolizers, and the smallest improvement in ventricular shunting (overall agreement, 0.857).

CONCLUSIONS: The metal artifact reduction algorithm substantially reduced artifacts and improved the objective image quality in every studied case. It also allowed improved diagnostic confidence in most cases.

CCF
:   carotid cavernous fistula
FDCT
:   flat detector CT
MAR
:   metal artifact reduction
HU
:   Hounsfield unit" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Artifact Reduction of Different Metallic Implants in Flat Detector C-Arm CT" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/35/7/1288" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flat detector CT has been increasingly used as a follow-up examination after endovascular intervention. Metal artifact reduction has been successfully demonstrated in coil mass cases, but only in a small series. We attempted to objectively and subjectively evaluate the feasibility of metal artifact reduction with various metallic objects and coil lengths.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reprocessed the flat detector CT data of 28 patients (15 men, 13 women; mean age, 55.6 years) after they underwent endovascular treatment (20 coiling ± stent placement, 6 liquid embolizers) or shunt drainage ( n = 2) between January 2009 and November 2011 by using a metal artifact reduction correction algorithm. We measured CT value ranges and noise by using region-of-interest methods, and 2 experienced neuroradiologists rated the degrees of improved imaging quality and artifact reduction by comparing uncorrected and corrected images.

RESULTS: After we applied the metal artifact reduction algorithm, the CT value ranges and the noise were substantially reduced (1815.3 ± 793.7 versus 231.7 ± 95.9 and 319.9 ± 136.6 versus 45.9 ± 14.0; both P &lt; .001) regardless of the types of metallic objects and various sizes of coil masses. The rater study achieved an overall improvement of imaging quality and artifact reduction (85.7% and 78.6% of cases by 2 raters, respectively), with the greatest improvement in the coiling group, moderate improvement in the liquid embolizers, and the smallest improvement in ventricular shunting (overall agreement, 0.857).

CONCLUSIONS: The metal artifact reduction algorithm substantially reduced artifacts and improved the objective image quality in every studied case. It also allowed improved diagnostic confidence in most cases.

CCF
:   carotid cavernous fistula
FDCT
:   flat detector CT
MAR
:   metal artifact reduction
HU
:   Hounsfield unit" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Patient Safety</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Artifact Reduction of Different Metallic Implants in Flat Detector C-Arm CT</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S.-C. Hung</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">C.-C. Wu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">C.-J. Lin</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">W.-Y. Guo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">C.-B. Luo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">F.-C. Chang</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">C.-Y. Chang</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">July 2014,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1288-1292; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3851 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-13561--6161882725" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.-C. Hung </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences (S.-C.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>School of Medicine (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.-C.%2BHung%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hung%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.-C.%2BHung%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.-C. Wu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>School of Medicine (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.-C.%2BWu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wu%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.-C.%2BWu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.-J. Lin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>School of Medicine (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.-J.%2BLin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lin%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.-J.%2BLin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W.-Y. Guo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>School of Medicine (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.-Y.%2BGuo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Guo%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.-Y.%2BGuo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.-B. Luo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>School of Medicine (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.-B.%2BLuo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Luo%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.-B.%2BLuo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F.-C. Chang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>School of Medicine (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.-C.%2BChang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chang%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.-C.%2BChang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.-Y. Chang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>School of Medicine (S.-C.H., C.-C.W., C.-J.L., W.-Y.G., C.-B.L., F.-C.C., C.-Y.C.), National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.-Y.%2BChang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chang%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.-Y.%2BChang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.-C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hung</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.-Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Guo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Luo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.-C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chang</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2014, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1288-1292; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3851 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.-C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hung</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.-Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Guo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Luo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.-C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.-Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chang</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2014, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1288-1292; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3851 </span></div>
  
  
  
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