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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Influence of Patient Age on Angioarchitecture of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A3886" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2014-07-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The imaging characteristics and modes of presentation of brain AVMs may vary with patient age. Our aim was to determine whether clinical and angioarchitectural features of brain AVMs differ between children and adults.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospectively collected institutional data base of all patients diagnosed with brain AVMs since 2001 was queried. Demographic, clinical, and angioarchitecture information was summarized and analyzed with univariable and multivariable models.

RESULTS: Results often differed when age was treated as a continuous variable as opposed to dividing subjects into children (18 years or younger; n = 203) versus adults (older than 18 years; n = 630). Children were more likely to present with AVM hemorrhage than adults (59% versus 41%, P &lt; .001). Although AVMs with a larger nidus presented at younger ages (mean of 26.8 years for &gt;6 cm compared with 37.1 years for &lt;3 cm), this feature was not significantly different between children and adults ( P = .069). Exclusively deep venous drainage was more common in younger subjects when age was treated continuously ( P = .04) or dichotomized ( P &lt; .001). Venous ectasia was more common with increasing age (mean, 39.4 years with ectasia compared with 31.1 years without ectasia) and when adults were compared with children (52% versus 35%, P &lt; .001). Patients with feeding artery aneurysms presented at a later average age (44.1 years) than those without such aneurysms (31.6 years); this observation persisted when comparing children with adults (13% versus 29%, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Although children with brain AVMs were more likely to come to clinical attention due to hemorrhage than adults, venous ectasia and feeding artery aneurysms were under-represented in children, suggesting that these particular high-risk features take time to develop.

HR
:   hazard ratio
p50
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.W. Hetts" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.L. Cooke" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Nelson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N. Gupta" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Fullerton" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.R. Amans" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.A. Narvid" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Moftakhar" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. McSwain" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.F. Dowd" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.T. Higashida" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V.V. Halbach" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.T. Lawton" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Kim" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2014-07-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Interventional" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Influence of Patient Age on Angioarchitecture of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The imaging characteristics and modes of presentation of brain AVMs may vary with patient age. Our aim was to determine whether clinical and angioarchitectural features of brain AVMs differ between children and adults.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A prospectively collected institutional data base of all patients diagnosed with brain AVMs since 2001 was queried. Demographic, clinical, and angioarchitecture information was summarized and analyzed with univariable and multivariable models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Results often differed when age was treated as a continuous variable as opposed to dividing subjects into children (18 years or younger; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 203) versus adults (older than 18 years; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 630). Children were more likely to present with AVM hemorrhage than adults (59% versus 41%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). Although AVMs with a larger nidus presented at younger ages (mean of 26.8 years for &amp;gt;6 cm compared with 37.1 years for &amp;lt;3 cm), this feature was not significantly different between children and adults (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .069). Exclusively deep venous drainage was more common in younger subjects when age was treated continuously (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .04) or dichotomized (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). Venous ectasia was more common with increasing age (mean, 39.4 years with ectasia compared with 31.1 years without ectasia) and when adults were compared with children (52% versus 35%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). Patients with feeding artery aneurysms presented at a later average age (44.1 years) than those without such aneurysms (31.6 years); this observation persisted when comparing children with adults (13% versus 29%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although children with brain AVMs were more likely to come to clinical attention due to hemorrhage than adults, venous ectasia and feeding artery aneurysms were under-represented in children, suggesting that these particular high-risk features take time to develop.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Influence of Patient Age on Angioarchitecture of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The imaging characteristics and modes of presentation of brain AVMs may vary with patient age. Our aim was to determine whether clinical and angioarchitectural features of brain AVMs differ between children and adults.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospectively collected institutional data base of all patients diagnosed with brain AVMs since 2001 was queried. Demographic, clinical, and angioarchitecture information was summarized and analyzed with univariable and multivariable models.

RESULTS: Results often differed when age was treated as a continuous variable as opposed to dividing subjects into children (18 years or younger; n = 203) versus adults (older than 18 years; n = 630). Children were more likely to present with AVM hemorrhage than adults (59% versus 41%, P &lt; .001). Although AVMs with a larger nidus presented at younger ages (mean of 26.8 years for &gt;6 cm compared with 37.1 years for &lt;3 cm), this feature was not significantly different between children and adults ( P = .069). Exclusively deep venous drainage was more common in younger subjects when age was treated continuously ( P = .04) or dichotomized ( P &lt; .001). Venous ectasia was more common with increasing age (mean, 39.4 years with ectasia compared with 31.1 years without ectasia) and when adults were compared with children (52% versus 35%, P &lt; .001). Patients with feeding artery aneurysms presented at a later average age (44.1 years) than those without such aneurysms (31.6 years); this observation persisted when comparing children with adults (13% versus 29%, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Although children with brain AVMs were more likely to come to clinical attention due to hemorrhage than adults, venous ectasia and feeding artery aneurysms were under-represented in children, suggesting that these particular high-risk features take time to develop.

HR
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p50
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<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Influence of Patient Age on Angioarchitecture of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The imaging characteristics and modes of presentation of brain AVMs may vary with patient age. Our aim was to determine whether clinical and angioarchitectural features of brain AVMs differ between children and adults.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospectively collected institutional data base of all patients diagnosed with brain AVMs since 2001 was queried. Demographic, clinical, and angioarchitecture information was summarized and analyzed with univariable and multivariable models.

RESULTS: Results often differed when age was treated as a continuous variable as opposed to dividing subjects into children (18 years or younger; n = 203) versus adults (older than 18 years; n = 630). Children were more likely to present with AVM hemorrhage than adults (59% versus 41%, P &lt; .001). Although AVMs with a larger nidus presented at younger ages (mean of 26.8 years for &gt;6 cm compared with 37.1 years for &lt;3 cm), this feature was not significantly different between children and adults ( P = .069). Exclusively deep venous drainage was more common in younger subjects when age was treated continuously ( P = .04) or dichotomized ( P &lt; .001). Venous ectasia was more common with increasing age (mean, 39.4 years with ectasia compared with 31.1 years without ectasia) and when adults were compared with children (52% versus 35%, P &lt; .001). Patients with feeding artery aneurysms presented at a later average age (44.1 years) than those without such aneurysms (31.6 years); this observation persisted when comparing children with adults (13% versus 29%, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Although children with brain AVMs were more likely to come to clinical attention due to hemorrhage than adults, venous ectasia and feeding artery aneurysms were under-represented in children, suggesting that these particular high-risk features take time to develop.

HR
:   hazard ratio
p50
:   median (i.e., 50% proportion of sample)" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node13566--5" data-node-nid="13566" id="top-node-13566--61572631052" data-pisa="ajnr;35/7/1376" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A3886" data-apath="/ajnr/35/7/1376.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Interventional</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Influence of Patient Age on Angioarchitecture of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S.W. Hetts</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">D.L. Cooke</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">J. Nelson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">N. Gupta</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">H. Fullerton</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">M.R. Amans</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">J.A. Narvid</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">P. Moftakhar</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">H. McSwain</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">C.F. Dowd</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">R.T. Higashida</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">V.V. Halbach</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">M.T. Lawton</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">H. Kim</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">July 2014,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1376-1380; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A3886 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-13566--61572631052" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.W. Hetts </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (S.W.H., D.L.C., M.R.A., J.A.N., P.M., H.M., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.W.%2BHetts%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hetts%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.W.%2BHetts%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.L. Cooke </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (S.W.H., D.L.C., M.R.A., J.A.N., P.M., H.M., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.L.%2BCooke%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cooke%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.L.%2BCooke%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Nelson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Center for Cerebrovascular Research (J.N., H.K.), Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BNelson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Nelson%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BNelson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N. Gupta </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery (N.G.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Pediatrics (N.G., H.F.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.%2BGupta%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gupta%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.%2BGupta%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. Fullerton </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Division of Child Neurology (H.F.), Department of Neurology</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Pediatrics (N.G., H.F.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BFullerton%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fullerton%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BFullerton%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.R. Amans </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (S.W.H., D.L.C., M.R.A., J.A.N., P.M., H.M., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.R.%2BAmans%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Amans%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.R.%2BAmans%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.A. Narvid </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (S.W.H., D.L.C., M.R.A., J.A.N., P.M., H.M., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.A.%2BNarvid%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Narvid%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.A.%2BNarvid%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Moftakhar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (S.W.H., D.L.C., M.R.A., J.A.N., P.M., H.M., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BMoftakhar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Moftakhar%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BMoftakhar%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. McSwain </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (S.W.H., D.L.C., M.R.A., J.A.N., P.M., H.M., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BMcSwain%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=McSwain%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BMcSwain%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.F. Dowd </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (S.W.H., D.L.C., M.R.A., J.A.N., P.M., H.M., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.F.%2BDowd%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dowd%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.F.%2BDowd%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.T. Higashida </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (S.W.H., D.L.C., M.R.A., J.A.N., P.M., H.M., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.T.%2BHigashida%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Higashida%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.T.%2BHigashida%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V.V. Halbach </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Division of Neurointerventional Radiology (S.W.H., D.L.C., M.R.A., J.A.N., P.M., H.M., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.V.%2BHalbach%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Halbach%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.V.%2BHalbach%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.T. Lawton </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Division of Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery (M.T.L.), Department of Neurological Surgery</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.T.%2BLawton%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lawton%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.T.%2BLawton%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. Kim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Center for Cerebrovascular Research (J.N., H.K.), Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BKim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2>References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-book" id="cit-35.7.1376.1"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Lasjaunias</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">P</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Ter Brugge</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">KG</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Berenstein</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">A</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-source">Surgical Neuroangiography: Clinical and Interventional Aspects in Children</span>. <span class="cit-edition">2nd ed</span>. <span class="cit-vol">vol 3</span>. <span class="cit-publ-loc">Berlin</span>: <span class="cit-publ-name">Springer-Verlag</span>; <span class="cit-pub-date">2006</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">2.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-2-1" title="View reference 2. in text" id="ref-2">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.2" data-doi="10.1136/neurintsurg-2011-010198"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Ellis</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">MJ</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Armstrong</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">D</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Vachhrajani</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">S</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Angioarchitectural features associated with hemorrhagic presentation in pediatric cerebral arteriovenous malformations</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurointerv Surg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2013</span>;<span class="cit-vol">5</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">191</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">95</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTE6Im5ldXJpbnRzdXJnIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjc6IjUvMy8xOTEiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyMDoiL2FqbnIvMzUvNy8xMzc2LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">3.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-3-1" title="View reference 3. in text" id="ref-3">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.3" data-doi="10.1161/01.STR.0000181746.77149.2b"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Fullerton</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">HJ</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Achrol</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">AS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Johnston</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">SC</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Long-term hemorrhage risk in children versus adults with brain arteriovenous malformations</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Stroke</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2005</span>;<span class="cit-vol">36</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">2099</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">104</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6OToic3Ryb2tlYWhhIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEwOiIzNi8xMC8yMDk5IjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjA6Ii9ham5yLzM1LzcvMTM3Ni5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">4.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-4-1" title="View reference 4. in text" id="ref-4">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.4" data-doi="10.1212/01.wnl.0000210524.68507.87"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Stapf</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">C</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Mast</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">H</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Sciacca</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RR</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Predictors of hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neurology</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2006</span>;<span class="cit-vol">66</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1350</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">55</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1212/01.wnl.0000210524.68507.87&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">5.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-5-1" title="View reference 5. in text" id="ref-5">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.5" data-doi="10.1227/00006123-199511000-00002"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Turjman</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">F</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Massoud</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">TF</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Viñuela</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">F</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Correlation of the angioarchitectural features of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with clinical presentation of hemorrhage</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neurosurgery</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1995</span>;<span class="cit-vol">37</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">856</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">60</span>, <span class="cit-comment">discussion 860–62</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1227/00006123-199511000-00002&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=8559332&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F35%2F7%2F1376.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1995TC38100005&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">6.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-6-1" title="View reference 6. in text" id="ref-6">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.6" data-doi="10.1161/01.STR.0000014582.03429.F7"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Stefani</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">MA</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Porter</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">PJ</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">terBrugge</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">KG</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Angioarchitectural factors present in brain arteriovenous malformations associated with hemorrhagic presentation</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Stroke</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2002</span>;<span class="cit-vol">33</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">920</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">24</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6OToic3Ryb2tlYWhhIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjg6IjMzLzQvOTIwIjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjA6Ii9ham5yLzM1LzcvMTM3Ni5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">7.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-7-1" title="View reference 7. in text" id="ref-7">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.7" data-doi="10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.485573"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Kim</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">H</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Sidney</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">S</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">McCulloch</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">CE</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Racial/ethnic differences in longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malformation patients</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Stroke</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2007</span>;<span class="cit-vol">38</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">2430</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">37</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6OToic3Ryb2tlYWhhIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjk6IjM4LzkvMjQzMCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIwOiIvYWpuci8zNS83LzEzNzYuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">8.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-8-1" title="View reference 8. in text" id="ref-8">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.8" data-doi="10.3174/ajnr.A3194"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Hetts</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">SW</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Keenan</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">K</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Fullerton</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">HJ</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Pediatric intracranial nongalenic pial arteriovenous fistulas: clinical features, angioarchitecture, and outcomes</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2012</span>;<span class="cit-vol">33</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1710</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">19</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiIzMy85LzE3MTAiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyMDoiL2FqbnIvMzUvNy8xMzc2LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">9.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-9-1" title="View reference 9. in text" id="ref-9">↵</a>

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<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.11" data-doi="10.1007/s002340050367"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Nataf</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">F</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Meder</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">JF</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Roux</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">FX</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Angioarchitecture associated with haemorrhage in cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a prognostic statistical model</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neuroradiology</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1997</span>;<span class="cit-vol">39</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">52</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">68</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1007/s002340050367&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=9121650&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F35%2F7%2F1376.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">12.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-12-1" title="View reference 12. in text" id="ref-12">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.12" data-doi="10.1227/00006123-198403000-00020"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Ostergaard</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">JR</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Association of intracranial aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation in childhood</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neurosurgery</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1984</span>;<span class="cit-vol">14</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">358</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">62</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1227/00006123-198403000-00020&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=6709166&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F35%2F7%2F1376.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">13.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-13-1" title="View reference 13. in text" id="ref-13">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.13" data-doi="10.1161/01.STR.0000013738.53113.33"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Stefani</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">MA</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Porter</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">PJ</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">terBrugge</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">KG</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Large and deep brain arteriovenous malformations are associated with risk of future hemorrhage</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Stroke</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2002</span>;<span class="cit-vol">33</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1220</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">24</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6OToic3Ryb2tlYWhhIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjk6IjMzLzUvMTIyMCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIwOiIvYWpuci8zNS83LzEzNzYuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">14.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-14-1" title="View reference 14. in text" id="ref-14">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.14" data-doi="10.1016/j.nimb.2012.08.045"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Sarachine Falso</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">MJ</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Buchholz</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">BA</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Bomb pulse biology</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2013</span>;<span class="cit-vol">294</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">666</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">70</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.nimb.2012.08.045&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=23359559&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F35%2F7%2F1376.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">15.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-15-1" title="View reference 15. in text" id="ref-15">↵</a>

<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-35.7.1376.15" data-doi="10.1007/978-3-211-99373-6_13"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Stapf</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">C</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">The rationale behind “A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain AVMs” (ARUBA)</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Acta Neurochir Suppl</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2010</span>;<span class="cit-vol">107</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">83</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">85</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1007/978-3-211-99373-6_13&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=19953376&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F35%2F7%2F1376.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li></ol></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 35</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 7 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jul 2014 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Influence of Patient Age on Angioarchitecture of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hetts</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cooke</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nelson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gupta</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fullerton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Amans</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Narvid</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Moftakhar</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McSwain</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dowd</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Higashida</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Halbach</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lawton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2014, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1376-1380; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3886 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Influence of Patient Age on Angioarchitecture of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hetts</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cooke</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nelson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gupta</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fullerton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Amans</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Narvid</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Moftakhar</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McSwain</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dowd</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Higashida</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Halbach</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lawton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2014, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">35 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1376-1380; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A3886 </span></div>
  
  
  
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