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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Degeneration and Plasticity of the Optic Pathway in Alström Syndrome" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4115" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alström syndrome is a rare inherited ciliopathy in which early progressive cone-rod dystrophy leads to childhood blindness. We investigated functional and structural changes of the optic pathway in Alström syndrome by using MR imaging to provide insight into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with genetically proved Alström syndrome (mean age, 23 years; range, 6–45 years; 5 females) and 19 age- and sex-matched controls underwent brain MR imaging. The study protocol included conventional sequences, resting-state functional MR imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging.

RESULTS: In patients with Alström syndrome, the evaluation of the occipital regions showed the following: 1) diffuse white matter volume decrease while gray matter volume decrease spared the occipital poles (voxel-based morphometry), 2) diffuse fractional anisotropy decrease and radial diffusivity increase while mean and axial diffusivities were normal (tract-based spatial statistics), and 3) reduced connectivity in the medial visual network strikingly sparing the occipital poles (independent component analysis). After we placed seeds in both occipital poles, the seed-based analysis revealed significantly increased connectivity in patients with Alström syndrome toward the left frontal operculum, inferior and middle frontal gyri, and the medial portion of both thalami (left seed) and toward the anterior portion of the left insula (right and left seeds).

CONCLUSIONS: The protean occipital brain changes in patients with Alström syndrome likely reflect the coexistence of diffuse primary myelin derangement, anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration, and complex cortical reorganization affecting the anterior and posterior visual cortex to different degrees.

AS
:   Alström syndrome
MNI
:   Montreal Neurological Institute
TFCE
:   threshold-free cluster enhancement" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Manara" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V. Citton" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Maffei" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.D. Marshall" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.K. Naggert" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Milan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Vettor" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Baglione" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Vitale" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Briani" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Di Salle" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Favaro" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2015-01-01" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Degeneration and Plasticity of the Optic Pathway in Alström Syndrome" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Alström syndrome is a rare inherited ciliopathy in which early progressive cone-rod dystrophy leads to childhood blindness. We investigated functional and structural changes of the optic pathway in Alström syndrome by using MR imaging to provide insight into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Eleven patients with genetically proved Alström syndrome (mean age, 23 years; range, 6–45 years; 5 females) and 19 age- and sex-matched controls underwent brain MR imaging. The study protocol included conventional sequences, resting-state functional MR imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In patients with Alström syndrome, the evaluation of the occipital regions showed the following: 1) diffuse white matter volume decrease while gray matter volume decrease spared the occipital poles (voxel-based morphometry), 2) diffuse fractional anisotropy decrease and radial diffusivity increase while mean and axial diffusivities were normal (tract-based spatial statistics), and 3) reduced connectivity in the medial visual network strikingly sparing the occipital poles (independent component analysis). After we placed seeds in both occipital poles, the seed-based analysis revealed significantly increased connectivity in patients with Alström syndrome toward the left frontal operculum, inferior and middle frontal gyri, and the medial portion of both thalami (left seed) and toward the anterior portion of the left insula (right and left seeds).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The protean occipital brain changes in patients with Alström syndrome likely reflect the coexistence of diffuse primary myelin derangement, anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration, and complex cortical reorganization affecting the anterior and posterior visual cortex to different degrees.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Degeneration and Plasticity of the Optic Pathway in Alström Syndrome" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/36/1.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alström syndrome is a rare inherited ciliopathy in which early progressive cone-rod dystrophy leads to childhood blindness. We investigated functional and structural changes of the optic pathway in Alström syndrome by using MR imaging to provide insight into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with genetically proved Alström syndrome (mean age, 23 years; range, 6–45 years; 5 females) and 19 age- and sex-matched controls underwent brain MR imaging. The study protocol included conventional sequences, resting-state functional MR imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging.

RESULTS: In patients with Alström syndrome, the evaluation of the occipital regions showed the following: 1) diffuse white matter volume decrease while gray matter volume decrease spared the occipital poles (voxel-based morphometry), 2) diffuse fractional anisotropy decrease and radial diffusivity increase while mean and axial diffusivities were normal (tract-based spatial statistics), and 3) reduced connectivity in the medial visual network strikingly sparing the occipital poles (independent component analysis). After we placed seeds in both occipital poles, the seed-based analysis revealed significantly increased connectivity in patients with Alström syndrome toward the left frontal operculum, inferior and middle frontal gyri, and the medial portion of both thalami (left seed) and toward the anterior portion of the left insula (right and left seeds).

CONCLUSIONS: The protean occipital brain changes in patients with Alström syndrome likely reflect the coexistence of diffuse primary myelin derangement, anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration, and complex cortical reorganization affecting the anterior and posterior visual cortex to different degrees.

AS
:   Alström syndrome
MNI
:   Montreal Neurological Institute
TFCE
:   threshold-free cluster enhancement" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Degeneration and Plasticity of the Optic Pathway in Alström Syndrome" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/1/160" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Alström syndrome is a rare inherited ciliopathy in which early progressive cone-rod dystrophy leads to childhood blindness. We investigated functional and structural changes of the optic pathway in Alström syndrome by using MR imaging to provide insight into the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with genetically proved Alström syndrome (mean age, 23 years; range, 6–45 years; 5 females) and 19 age- and sex-matched controls underwent brain MR imaging. The study protocol included conventional sequences, resting-state functional MR imaging, and diffusion tensor imaging.

RESULTS: In patients with Alström syndrome, the evaluation of the occipital regions showed the following: 1) diffuse white matter volume decrease while gray matter volume decrease spared the occipital poles (voxel-based morphometry), 2) diffuse fractional anisotropy decrease and radial diffusivity increase while mean and axial diffusivities were normal (tract-based spatial statistics), and 3) reduced connectivity in the medial visual network strikingly sparing the occipital poles (independent component analysis). After we placed seeds in both occipital poles, the seed-based analysis revealed significantly increased connectivity in patients with Alström syndrome toward the left frontal operculum, inferior and middle frontal gyri, and the medial portion of both thalami (left seed) and toward the anterior portion of the left insula (right and left seeds).

CONCLUSIONS: The protean occipital brain changes in patients with Alström syndrome likely reflect the coexistence of diffuse primary myelin derangement, anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration, and complex cortical reorganization affecting the anterior and posterior visual cortex to different degrees.

AS
:   Alström syndrome
MNI
:   Montreal Neurological Institute
TFCE
:   threshold-free cluster enhancement" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node13966--5" data-node-nid="13966" id="top-node-13966--61003238352" data-pisa="ajnr;36/1/160" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4115" data-apath="/ajnr/36/1/160.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Head &amp; Neck</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Degeneration and Plasticity of the Optic Pathway in Alström Syndrome</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">R. Manara</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">V. Citton</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">P. Maffei</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">J.D. Marshall</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J.K. Naggert</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">G. Milan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">R. Vettor</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">A. Baglione</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">A. Vitale</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">C. Briani</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">F. Di Salle</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">A. Favaro</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2015,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">160-165; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4115 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-13966--61003238352" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Manara </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Medicine and Surgery (R.M., A.V., F.D.S.), Neuroradiology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BManara%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Manara%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BManara%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V. Citton </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (V.C.), Neuroradiology Unit, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venezia, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.%2BCitton%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Citton%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.%2BCitton%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Maffei </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Internal Medicine (P.M., G.M., R.V.), University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BMaffei%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Maffei%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BMaffei%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.D. Marshall </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Jackson Laboratory (J.D.M., J.K.N.), Bar Harbor, Maine</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.D.%2BMarshall%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Marshall%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.D.%2BMarshall%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.K. 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Milan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Internal Medicine (P.M., G.M., R.V.), University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BMilan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Milan%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BMilan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Vettor </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Internal Medicine (P.M., G.M., R.V.), University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BVettor%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Vettor%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BVettor%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Baglione </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neurosciences (A.B., C.B., A.F.), University of Padua, Padova, Italy.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BBaglione%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Baglione%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BBaglione%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Vitale </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Medicine and Surgery (R.M., A.V., F.D.S.), Neuroradiology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BVitale%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Vitale%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BVitale%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. 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Di Salle </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Medicine and Surgery (R.M., A.V., F.D.S.), Neuroradiology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BDi%2BSalle%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Di%20Salle%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BDi%2BSalle%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. 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<div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-36.1.160.23"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node1651" data-node-nid="1651" id="node-1651--2314143001" data-pisa="ajnr;36/1" data-pisa-master="ajnr;36/1" data-apath="/ajnr/36/1.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-jcore-issue-widget clearfix">
    
      <div class="highwire-cite-highlight"><a href="/content/36/1"  class="highlight-image-linked"><img class="highlight-image" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/ajnr/36/1.cover-source.jpg?itok=uHuEZXip" alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology: 36 (1)" /></a></div>
  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 36</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jan 2015 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Degeneration and Plasticity of the Optic Pathway in Alström Syndrome</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Manara</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Citton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Maffei</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Marshall</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Naggert</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Milan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vettor</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Baglione</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vitale</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Briani</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Di Salle</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Favaro</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">160-165; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4115 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Manara</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Citton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Maffei</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Marshall</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Naggert</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Milan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vettor</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Baglione</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vitale</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Briani</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Di Salle</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Favaro</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">160-165; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4115 </span></div>
  
  
  
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