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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Identification of the Corticobulbar Tracts of the Tongue and Face Using Deterministic and Probabilistic DTI Fiber Tracking in Patients with Brain Tumor" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4430" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The corticobulbar tract of the face and tongue, a critical white matter tract connecting the primary motor cortex and the pons, is rarely detected by deterministic DTI fiber tractography. Detection becomes even more difficult in the presence of a tumor. The purpose of this study was to compare identification of the corticobulbar tract by using deterministic and probabilistic tractography in patients with brain tumor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with brain tumor who underwent DTI were studied. Deterministic tractography was performed by using the fiber assignment by continuous tractography algorithm. Probabilistic tractography was performed by using a Monte Carlo simulation method. ROIs were drawn of the face and tongue motor homunculi and the pons in both hemispheres.

RESULTS: In all subjects, fiber assignment by continuous tractography was ineffectual in visualizing the entire course of the corticobulbar tract between the face and tongue motor cortices and the pons on either side. However, probabilistic tractography successfully visualized the corticobulbar tract from the face and tongue motor cortices in all patients on both sides. No significant difference ( P &lt; .08) was found between both sides in terms of the number of voxels or degree of connectivity. The fractional anisotropy of both the face and tongue was significantly lower on the tumor side ( P &lt; .03). When stratified by tumor type, primary-versus-metastatic tumors, no differences were observed between tracts in terms of the fractional anisotropy and connectivity values ( P &gt; .5).

CONCLUSIONS: Probabilistic tractography successfully reconstructs the face- and tongue-associated corticobulbar tracts from the lateral primary motor cortex to the pons in both hemispheres.

CBT
:   corticobulbar tract
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FACT
:   fiber assignment by continuous tractography" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Jenabi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K.K. Peck" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.J. Young" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N. Brennan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.I. Holodny" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2015-11-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Identification of the Corticobulbar Tracts of the Tongue and Face Using Deterministic and Probabilistic DTI Fiber Tracking in Patients with Brain Tumor" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The corticobulbar tract of the face and tongue, a critical white matter tract connecting the primary motor cortex and the pons, is rarely detected by deterministic DTI fiber tractography. Detection becomes even more difficult in the presence of a tumor. The purpose of this study was to compare identification of the corticobulbar tract by using deterministic and probabilistic tractography in patients with brain tumor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fifty patients with brain tumor who underwent DTI were studied. Deterministic tractography was performed by using the fiber assignment by continuous tractography algorithm. Probabilistic tractography was performed by using a Monte Carlo simulation method. ROIs were drawn of the face and tongue motor homunculi and the pons in both hemispheres.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In all subjects, fiber assignment by continuous tractography was ineffectual in visualizing the entire course of the corticobulbar tract between the face and tongue motor cortices and the pons on either side. However, probabilistic tractography successfully visualized the corticobulbar tract from the face and tongue motor cortices in all patients on both sides. No significant difference (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .08) was found between both sides in terms of the number of voxels or degree of connectivity. The fractional anisotropy of both the face and tongue was significantly lower on the tumor side (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .03). When stratified by tumor type, primary-versus-metastatic tumors, no differences were observed between tracts in terms of the fractional anisotropy and connectivity values (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;gt; .5).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Probabilistic tractography successfully reconstructs the face- and tongue-associated corticobulbar tracts from the lateral primary motor cortex to the pons in both hemispheres.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Identification of the Corticobulbar Tracts of the Tongue and Face Using Deterministic and Probabilistic DTI Fiber Tracking in Patients with Brain Tumor" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/36/11.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The corticobulbar tract of the face and tongue, a critical white matter tract connecting the primary motor cortex and the pons, is rarely detected by deterministic DTI fiber tractography. Detection becomes even more difficult in the presence of a tumor. The purpose of this study was to compare identification of the corticobulbar tract by using deterministic and probabilistic tractography in patients with brain tumor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with brain tumor who underwent DTI were studied. Deterministic tractography was performed by using the fiber assignment by continuous tractography algorithm. Probabilistic tractography was performed by using a Monte Carlo simulation method. ROIs were drawn of the face and tongue motor homunculi and the pons in both hemispheres.

RESULTS: In all subjects, fiber assignment by continuous tractography was ineffectual in visualizing the entire course of the corticobulbar tract between the face and tongue motor cortices and the pons on either side. However, probabilistic tractography successfully visualized the corticobulbar tract from the face and tongue motor cortices in all patients on both sides. No significant difference ( P &lt; .08) was found between both sides in terms of the number of voxels or degree of connectivity. The fractional anisotropy of both the face and tongue was significantly lower on the tumor side ( P &lt; .03). When stratified by tumor type, primary-versus-metastatic tumors, no differences were observed between tracts in terms of the fractional anisotropy and connectivity values ( P &gt; .5).

CONCLUSIONS: Probabilistic tractography successfully reconstructs the face- and tongue-associated corticobulbar tracts from the lateral primary motor cortex to the pons in both hemispheres.

CBT
:   corticobulbar tract
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FACT
:   fiber assignment by continuous tractography" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Identification of the Corticobulbar Tracts of the Tongue and Face Using Deterministic and Probabilistic DTI Fiber Tracking in Patients with Brain Tumor" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/11/2036" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The corticobulbar tract of the face and tongue, a critical white matter tract connecting the primary motor cortex and the pons, is rarely detected by deterministic DTI fiber tractography. Detection becomes even more difficult in the presence of a tumor. The purpose of this study was to compare identification of the corticobulbar tract by using deterministic and probabilistic tractography in patients with brain tumor.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with brain tumor who underwent DTI were studied. Deterministic tractography was performed by using the fiber assignment by continuous tractography algorithm. Probabilistic tractography was performed by using a Monte Carlo simulation method. ROIs were drawn of the face and tongue motor homunculi and the pons in both hemispheres.

RESULTS: In all subjects, fiber assignment by continuous tractography was ineffectual in visualizing the entire course of the corticobulbar tract between the face and tongue motor cortices and the pons on either side. However, probabilistic tractography successfully visualized the corticobulbar tract from the face and tongue motor cortices in all patients on both sides. No significant difference ( P &lt; .08) was found between both sides in terms of the number of voxels or degree of connectivity. The fractional anisotropy of both the face and tongue was significantly lower on the tumor side ( P &lt; .03). When stratified by tumor type, primary-versus-metastatic tumors, no differences were observed between tracts in terms of the fractional anisotropy and connectivity values ( P &gt; .5).

CONCLUSIONS: Probabilistic tractography successfully reconstructs the face- and tongue-associated corticobulbar tracts from the lateral primary motor cortex to the pons in both hemispheres.

CBT
:   corticobulbar tract
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
FACT
:   fiber assignment by continuous tractography" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node14224--5" data-node-nid="14224" id="top-node-14224--6879549619" data-pisa="ajnr;36/11/2036" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4430" data-apath="/ajnr/36/11/2036.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="ajnr;ajnr.A4430" data-atom-uri="/ajnr/36/11/2036.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Identification of the Corticobulbar Tracts of the Tongue and Face Using Deterministic and Probabilistic DTI Fiber Tracking in Patients with Brain Tumor</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M. Jenabi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">K.K. Peck</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">R.J. Young</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">N. Brennan</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">A.I. Holodny</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2015,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(11) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2036-2041; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4430 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-14224--6879549619" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Jenabi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.J., K.K.P., R.J.Y., N.B., A.I.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BJenabi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jenabi%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BJenabi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K.K. Peck </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.J., K.K.P., R.J.Y., N.B., A.I.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Medical Physics (K.K.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.K.%2BPeck%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Peck%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.K.%2BPeck%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9841-3078" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K.K. Peck</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.J. Young </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.J., K.K.P., R.J.Y., N.B., A.I.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain Tumor Center (R.J.Y., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology (R.J.Y., A.I.H.), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.J.%2BYoung%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Young%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.J.%2BYoung%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7003-3017" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.J. Young</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N. Brennan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.J., K.K.P., R.J.Y., N.B., A.I.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.%2BBrennan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Brennan%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.%2BBrennan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.I. Holodny </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (M.J., K.K.P., R.J.Y., N.B., A.I.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain Tumor Center (R.J.Y., A.I.H.), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology (R.J.Y., A.I.H.), Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.I.%2BHolodny%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Holodny%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.I.%2BHolodny%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1159-2705" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.I. Holodny</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">REFERENCES</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-confproc" id="cit-36.11.2036.1"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Yousry</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">TA</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Schmid</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">UD</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Alkadhi</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">H</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Localization of the motor hand area to a knob on the precentral gyrus: a new landmark</span>. <span class="cit-source">Brain</span> <span class="cit-pub-date">1997</span>;<span class="cit-vol">120</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">141</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">57</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NToiYnJhaW4iO3M6NToicmVzaWQiO3M6OToiMTIwLzEvMTQxIjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjE6Ii9ham5yLzM2LzExLzIwMzYuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">20.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-20-1" title="View reference 20. in text" id="ref-20">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-book" id="cit-36.11.2036.20" data-doi="10.3171/jns.1993.79.6.0874"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 36</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 11 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Nov 2015 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jenabi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Peck</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Young</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brennan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Holodny</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(11) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2036-2041; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4430 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(11) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2036-2041; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4430 </span></div>
  
  
  
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