1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => OpenAccess
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [d12e9e37-20fb-43e4-b3ef-f36642bd329a] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => d12e9e37-20fb-43e4-b3ef-f36642bd329a
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => OpenAccess
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [47b552b3-6bb0-4928-9c80-66886a832b68] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 47b552b3-6bb0-4928-9c80-66886a832b68
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => OpenAccess
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [9ca29f3c-94ba-47cf-af93-87fce5cc7602] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 9ca29f3c-94ba-47cf-af93-87fce5cc7602
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => OpenAccess
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [c06f57b0-d789-49bf-b9f5-73d1a01d839e] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => c06f57b0-d789-49bf-b9f5-73d1a01d839e
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => OpenAccess
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [9ca29f3c-94ba-47cf-af93-87fce5cc7602] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 9ca29f3c-94ba-47cf-af93-87fce5cc7602
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => OpenAccess
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [c06f57b0-d789-49bf-b9f5-73d1a01d839e] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => c06f57b0-d789-49bf-b9f5-73d1a01d839e
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 2d508130-aa81-4b08-938b-535522dc6dc8
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => c2b8e30f-8a1b-48fe-bb5b-5bcb56f27ed6
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
1naresh2naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => OpenAccess
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

    [0268a035-259f-4036-a40e-40d878e0adda] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => 0268a035-259f-4036-a40e-40d878e0adda
            [type] => toll-free-key
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => OpenAccess
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [8c0d85f8-5c8a-4919-9005-b51e14d9d54d] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => 8c0d85f8-5c8a-4919-9005-b51e14d9d54d
                            [type] => toll-free-key
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => toll-free-key
                    [value] => tf_ipsecsha;57be28853878e7eda6f0f4858a93202ae2fe8a67
                )

        )

)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" 
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
  xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article# book: http://ogp.me/ns/book#" >
    <!--[if IE]><![endif]-->
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//scholar.google.com" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google.com" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="/node/14188" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/images/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<meta name="issue_cover_image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/36/12.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="type" content="article" />
<meta name="category" content="research-article" />
<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/36/12/2242.atom" />
<meta name="HW.pisa" content="ajnr;36/12/2242" />
<meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" />
<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4451" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-12-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2015 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Relative cerebral blood volume, as measured by T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI, represents the most robust and widely used perfusion MR imaging metric in neuro-oncology. Our aim was to determine whether differences in modeling implementation will impact the correction of leakage effects (from blood-brain barrier disruption) and the accuracy of relative CBV calculations as measured on T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 3T field strength.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 52 patients with glioma undergoing DSC MR imaging. Thirty-six patients underwent both non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected DSC acquisitions, with 16 patients undergoing preload dose–corrected acquisitions only. For each acquisition, we generated 2 sets of relative CBV metrics by using 2 separate, widely published, FDA-approved commercial software packages: IB Neuro and nordicICE. We calculated 4 relative CBV metrics within tumor volumes: mean relative CBV, mode relative CBV, percentage of voxels with relative CBV &gt; 1.75, and percentage of voxels with relative CBV &gt; 1.0 (fractional tumor burden). We determined Pearson ( r ) and Spearman (ρ) correlations between non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected metrics. In a subset of patients with recurrent glioblastoma ( n = 25), we determined receiver operating characteristic area under the curve for fractional tumor burden accuracy to predict the tissue diagnosis of tumor recurrence versus posttreatment effect. We also determined correlations between rCBV and microvessel area from stereotactic biopsies ( n = 29) in 12 patients.

RESULTS: With IB Neuro, relative CBV metrics correlated highly between non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected conditions for fractional tumor burden ( r = 0.96, ρ = 0.94), percentage &gt; 1.75 ( r = 0.93, ρ = 0.91), mean ( r = 0.87, ρ = 0.86), and mode ( r = 0.78, ρ = 0.76). These correlations dropped substantially with nordicICE. With fractional tumor burden, IB Neuro was more accurate than nordicICE in diagnosing tumor versus posttreatment effect (area under the curve = 0.85 versus 0.67) ( P &lt; .01). The highest relative CBV–microvessel area correlations required preload dose and IB Neuro ( r = 0.64, ρ = 0.58, P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Different implementations of perfusion MR imaging software modeling can impact the accuracy of leakage correction, relative CBV calculation, and correlations with histologic benchmarks.

FTB
:   fractional tumor burden
GBCA
:   gadolinium-based contrast agents
IBN
:   IB Neuro
MVA
:   microvessel area
NICE
:   nordicICE
PLD
:   preload dose
pMRI
:   perfusion MR imaging
rCBV
:   relative cerebral blood volume" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.S. Hu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Kelm" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Korfiatis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.C. Dueck" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Elrod" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B.M. Ellingson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.J. Kaufmann" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.M. Eschbacher" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.P. Karis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Smith" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Nakaji" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Brinkman" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Pafundi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.C. Baxter" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B.J. Erickson" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2015-12-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Relative cerebral blood volume, as measured by T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI, represents the most robust and widely used perfusion MR imaging metric in neuro-oncology. Our aim was to determine whether differences in modeling implementation will impact the correction of leakage effects (from blood-brain barrier disruption) and the accuracy of relative CBV calculations as measured on T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 3T field strength.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This study included 52 patients with glioma undergoing DSC MR imaging. Thirty-six patients underwent both non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected DSC acquisitions, with 16 patients undergoing preload dose–corrected acquisitions only. For each acquisition, we generated 2 sets of relative CBV metrics by using 2 separate, widely published, FDA-approved commercial software packages: IB Neuro and nordicICE. We calculated 4 relative CBV metrics within tumor volumes: mean relative CBV, mode relative CBV, percentage of voxels with relative CBV &amp;gt; 1.75, and percentage of voxels with relative CBV &amp;gt; 1.0 (fractional tumor burden). We determined Pearson (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt;) and Spearman (ρ) correlations between non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected metrics. In a subset of patients with recurrent glioblastoma (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 25), we determined receiver operating characteristic area under the curve for fractional tumor burden accuracy to predict the tissue diagnosis of tumor recurrence versus posttreatment effect. We also determined correlations between rCBV and microvessel area from stereotactic biopsies (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 29) in 12 patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With IB Neuro, relative CBV metrics correlated highly between non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected conditions for fractional tumor burden (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.96, ρ = 0.94), percentage &amp;gt; 1.75 (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.93, ρ = 0.91), mean (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.87, ρ = 0.86), and mode (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.78, ρ = 0.76). These correlations dropped substantially with nordicICE. With fractional tumor burden, IB Neuro was more accurate than nordicICE in diagnosing tumor versus posttreatment effect (area under the curve = 0.85 versus 0.67) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01). The highest relative CBV–microvessel area correlations required preload dose and IB Neuro (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.64, ρ = 0.58, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Different implementations of perfusion MR imaging software modeling can impact the accuracy of leakage correction, relative CBV calculation, and correlations with histologic benchmarks.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2015/12/01" />
<meta name="citation_mjid" content="ajnr;36/12/2242" />
<meta name="citation_id" content="36/12/2242" />
<meta name="citation_public_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242" />
<meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242.abstract" />
<meta name="citation_full_html_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242.full" />
<meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/36/12/2242.full.pdf" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4451" />
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="26359151" />
<meta name="citation_volume" content="36" />
<meta name="citation_issue" content="12" />
<meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article" />
<meta name="citation_section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="2242" />
<meta name="citation_lastpage" content="2249" />
<meta name="citation_access" content="all" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="L.S. Hu" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology (L.S.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dKeller Center for Imaging Innovation (L.S.H., C.E., J.P.K., L.C.B.)" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="Z. Kelm" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cthe Department of Radiology (Z.K., P.K., T.J.K., B.J.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P. Korfiatis" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cthe Department of Radiology (Z.K., P.K., T.J.K., B.J.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="A.C. Dueck" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bBiostatistics (A.C.D.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="C. Elrod" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dKeller Center for Imaging Innovation (L.S.H., C.E., J.P.K., L.C.B.)" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="B.M. Ellingson" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="hthe Department of Radiological Sciences (B.M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="T.J. Kaufmann" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cthe Department of Radiology (Z.K., P.K., T.J.K., B.J.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J.M. Eschbacher" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eDepartments of Neuropathology (J.M.E.)" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J.P. Karis" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dKeller Center for Imaging Innovation (L.S.H., C.E., J.P.K., L.C.B.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="fNeuroradiology (J.P.K.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4181-4185" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="K. Smith" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="gNeurosurgery (K.S., P.N.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P. Nakaji" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="gNeurosurgery (K.S., P.N.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="D. Brinkman" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="ithe Department of Radiation Oncology (D.B., D.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="D. Pafundi" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="ithe Department of Radiation Oncology (D.B., D.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota." />
<meta name="citation_author" content="L.C. Baxter" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dKeller Center for Imaging Innovation (L.S.H., C.E., J.P.K., L.C.B.)" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="B.J. Erickson" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cthe Department of Radiology (Z.K., P.K., T.J.K., B.J.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of magnetic resonance imaging :  JMRI;citation_journal_abbrev=J Magn Reson Imaging;citation_author=JR. Fink;citation_author=RB. Carr;citation_author=E. Matsusue;citation_title=Comparison of 3 Tesla proton MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion and MR diffusion for distinguishing glioma recurrence from posttreatment effects.;citation_pages=56-63;citation_volume=35;citation_year=2012;citation_issue=1;citation_pmid=22002882;citation_doi=10.1002/jmri.22801" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=American Journal of Neuroradiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Am. J. Neuroradiol.;citation_author=MH. Lev;citation_author=Y. Ozsunar;citation_author=JW. Henson;citation_title=Glial Tumor Grading and Outcome Prediction Using Dynamic Spin-Echo MR Susceptibility Mapping Compared with Conventional Contrast-Enhanced MR: Confounding Effect of Elevated rCBV of Oligodendroglimoas;citation_pages=214-221;citation_volume=25;citation_year=2004;citation_issue=2;citation_pmid=14970020" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Radiology;citation_author=EA. Knopp;citation_author=S. Cha;citation_author=G. Johnson;citation_title=Glial Neoplasms: Dynamic Contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR Imaging;citation_pages=791-798;citation_volume=211;citation_year=1999;citation_issue=3;citation_pmid=10352608;citation_doi=10.1148/radiology.211.3.r99jn46791" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=American Journal of Neuroradiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Am. J. Neuroradiol.;citation_author=S. Cha;citation_author=JM. Lupo;citation_author=MH. Chen;citation_title=Differentiation of Glioblastoma Multiforme and Single Brain Metastasis by Peak Height and Percentage of Signal Intensity Recovery Derived from Dynamic Susceptibility-Weighted Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MR Imaging;citation_pages=1078-1084;citation_volume=28;citation_year=2007;citation_issue=6;citation_pmid=17569962;citation_doi=10.3174/ajnr.A0484" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=American Journal of Neuroradiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Am. J. Neuroradiol.;citation_author=M. Law;citation_author=S. Yang;citation_author=H. Wang;citation_title=Glioma Grading: Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Values of Perfusion MR Imaging and Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging Compared with Conventional MR Imaging;citation_pages=1989-1998;citation_volume=24;citation_year=2003;citation_issue=10;citation_pmid=14625221" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_author=M. Law;citation_author=RJ. Young;citation_author=JS. Babb;citation_title=Gliomas: predicting time to progression or survival with cerebral blood volume measurements at dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging;citation_volume=247;citation_year=2008;citation_pmid=18349315;citation_doi=10.1148/radiol.2472070898" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=J Neurosurg;citation_author=AC. Maia;citation_author=SM. Malheiros;citation_author=AJ. da Rocha;citation_title=Stereotactic biopsy guidance in adults with supratentorial nonenhancing gliomas: role of perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.;citation_pages=970-976;citation_volume=101;citation_year=2004;citation_issue=6;citation_pmid=15597757;citation_doi=10.3171/jns.2004.101.6.0970" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neuro Oncol;citation_author=LS. Hu;citation_author=JM. Eschbacher;citation_author=JE. Heiserman;citation_title=Reevaluating the imaging definition of tumor progression: perfusion MRI quantifies recurrent glioblastoma tumor fraction, pseudoprogression, and radiation necrosis to predict survival;citation_volume=14;citation_year=2012;citation_pmid=22561797;citation_doi=10.1093/neuonc/nos112" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_author=S. Gahramanov;citation_author=LL. Muldoon;citation_author=CG. Varallyay;citation_title=Pseudoprogression of glioblastoma after chemo- and radiation therapy: diagnosis by using dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging with ferumoxytol versus gadoteridol and correlation with survival;citation_volume=266;citation_year=2013;citation_pmid=23204544;citation_doi=10.1148/radiol.12111472" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_author=RF. Barajas;citation_author=JS. Chang;citation_author=MR. Segal;citation_title=Differentiation of recurrent glioblastoma multiforme from radiation necrosis after external beam radiation therapy with dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging;citation_volume=253;citation_year=2009;citation_pmid=19789240;citation_doi=10.1148/radiol.2532090007" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol;citation_author=LS. Hu;citation_author=LC. Baxter;citation_author=KA. Smith;citation_title=Relative cerebral blood volume values to differentiate high-grade glioma recurrence from posttreatment radiation effect: direct correlation between image-guided tissue histopathology and localized dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging measurements;citation_volume=30;citation_year=2009;citation_pmid=19056837;citation_doi=10.3174/ajnr.A1377" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Radiology;citation_author=RN. Sawlani;citation_author=J. Raizer;citation_author=SW. Horowitz;citation_title=Glioblastoma: A Method for Predicting Response to Antiangiogenic Chemotherapy by Using MR Perfusion Imaging--Pilot Study;citation_pages=622-628;citation_volume=255;citation_year=2010;citation_issue=2;citation_pmid=20413772;citation_doi=10.1148/radiol.10091341" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Clin Cancer Res;citation_author=CJ. Galbán;citation_author=TL. Chenevert;citation_author=CR. Meyer;citation_title=Prospective analysis of parametric response map-derived MRI biomarkers: identification of early and distinct glioma response patterns not predicted by standard radiographic assessment;citation_volume=17;citation_year=2011;citation_pmid=21527563;citation_doi=10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2098" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neuro Oncol;citation_author=PS. LaViolette;citation_author=AD. Cohen;citation_author=MA. Prah;citation_title=Vascular change measured with independent component analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI predicts bevacizumab response in high-grade glioma;citation_volume=15;citation_year=2013;citation_pmid=23382287;citation_doi=10.1093/neuonc/nos323" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neuro Oncol;citation_author=KM. Schmainda;citation_author=M. Prah;citation_author=J. Connelly;citation_title=Dynamic-susceptibility contrast agent MRI measures of relative cerebral blood volume predict response to bevacizumab in recurrent high-grade glioma;citation_volume=16;citation_year=2014;citation_pmid=24431219;citation_doi=10.1093/neuonc/not216" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neuro Oncol;citation_author=KM. Schmainda;citation_author=Z. Zhang;citation_author=M. Prah;citation_title=Dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI measures of relative cerebral blood volume as a prognostic marker for overall survival in recurrent glioblastoma: results from the ACRIN 6677/RTOG 0625 multicenter trial;citation_volume=17;citation_year=2015;citation_pmid=25646027;citation_doi=10.1093/neuonc/nou364" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=American Journal of Neuroradiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Am. J. Neuroradiol.;citation_author=JL. Boxerman;citation_author=KM. Schmainda;citation_author=RM. Weisskoff;citation_title=Relative cerebral blood volume maps corrected for contrast agent extravasation significantly correlate with glioma tumor grade, whereas uncorrected maps do not.;citation_pages=859-867;citation_volume=27;citation_year=2006;citation_issue=4;citation_pmid=16611779" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_author=ES. Paulson;citation_author=KM. Schmainda;citation_title=Comparison of dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR methods: recommendations for measuring relative cerebral blood volume in brain tumors;citation_volume=249;citation_year=2008;citation_pmid=18780827;citation_doi=10.1148/radiol.2492071659" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol;citation_author=LS. Hu;citation_author=LC. Baxter;citation_author=DS. Pinnaduwage;citation_title=Optimized preload leakage-correction methods to improve the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging in posttreatment gliomas;citation_volume=31;citation_year=2010;citation_pmid=19749223;citation_doi=10.3174/ajnr.A1787" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism;citation_journal_abbrev=J Cereb Blood Flow Metab;citation_author=KE. Emblem;citation_author=A. Bjornerud;citation_author=K. Mouridsen;citation_title=T1- and T2*-Dominant Extravasation Correction in DSC-MRI: Part II--Predicting Patient Outcome after a Single Dose of Cediranib in Recurrent Glioblastoma Patients;citation_pages=2054-2064;citation_volume=31;citation_year=2011;citation_issue=10;citation_pmid=21505476;citation_doi=10.1038/jcbfm.2011.39" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Medical physics;citation_journal_abbrev=Med Phys;citation_author=HL. Liu;citation_author=YY. Wu;citation_author=WS. Yang;citation_title=Is Weisskoff model valid for the correction of contrast agent extravasation with combined T1 and T2* effects in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI?;citation_pages=802-809;citation_volume=38;citation_year=2011;citation_issue=2;citation_pmid=21452717;citation_doi=10.1118/1.3534197" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Physics in medicine and biology;citation_journal_abbrev=Phys Med Biol;citation_author=CC. Quarles;citation_author=DF. Gochberg;citation_author=JC. Gore;citation_title=A theoretical framework to model DSC-MRI data acquired in the presence of contrast agent extravasation.;citation_pages=5749-5766;citation_volume=54;citation_year=2009;citation_issue=19;citation_pmid=19729712;citation_doi=10.1088/0031-9155/54/19/006" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=American Journal of Neuroradiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Am. J. Neuroradiol.;citation_author=M. Law;citation_author=R. Young;citation_author=J. Babb;citation_title=Comparing Perfusion Metrics Obtained from a Single Compartment Versus Pharmacokinetic Modeling Methods Using Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MR Imaging with Glioma Grade.;citation_pages=1975-1982;citation_volume=27;citation_year=2006;citation_issue=9;citation_pmid=17032878" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Magnetic resonance in medicine :  official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine;citation_journal_abbrev=Magn Reson Med;citation_author=G. Johnson;citation_author=SG. Wetzel;citation_author=S. Cha;citation_title=Measuring blood volume and vascular transfer constant from dynamic, T(2)*-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI.;citation_pages=961-968;citation_volume=51;citation_year=2004;citation_issue=5;citation_pmid=15122678;citation_doi=10.1002/mrm.20049" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Cancer cell;citation_journal_abbrev=Cancer Cell;citation_author=TT. Batchelor;citation_author=AG. Sorensen;citation_author=E. di Tomaso;citation_title=AZD2171, a pan-VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, normalizes tumor vasculature and alleviates edema in glioblastoma patients.;citation_pages=83-95;citation_volume=11;citation_year=2007;citation_issue=1;citation_pmid=17222792;citation_doi=10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.021" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Cancer Research;citation_journal_abbrev=Cancer Res.;citation_author=AG. Sorensen;citation_author=KE. Emblem;citation_author=P. Polaskova;citation_title=Abstract 402: Plasticity of tumor associated macrophages in a metastatic melanoma model in the mouse;citation_pages=402-402;citation_volume=72;citation_year=2012;citation_issue=8_MeetingAbstracts;citation_pmid=22127927;citation_doi=10.1158/1538-7445.AM2012-402" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neurosurgery;citation_author=C. Roder;citation_author=B. Bender;citation_author=R. Ritz;citation_title=Intraoperative visualization of residual tumor: the role of perfusion-weighted imaging in a high-field intraoperative magnetic resonance scanner;citation_pages=ons151-58;citation_volume=72;citation_year=2013;citation_pmid=23147782" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_author=R. Jain;citation_author=L. Poisson;citation_author=J. Narang;citation_title=Genomic mapping and survival prediction in glioblastoma: molecular subclassification strengthened by hemodynamic imaging biomarkers;citation_volume=267;citation_year=2013;citation_pmid=23238158;citation_doi=10.1148/radiol.12120846" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol;citation_author=KE. Emblem;citation_author=D. Scheie;citation_author=P. Due-Tonnessen;citation_title=Histogram analysis of MR imaging-derived cerebral blood volume maps: combined glioma grading and identification of low-grade oligodendroglial subtypes;citation_volume=29;citation_year=2008;citation_pmid=18583405;citation_doi=10.3174/ajnr.A1182" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Radiology;citation_author=EL. Gasparetto;citation_author=MA. Pawlak;citation_author=SH. Patel;citation_title=Posttreatment Recurrence of Malignant Brain Neoplasm: Accuracy of Relative Cerebral Blood Volume Fraction in Discriminating Low from High Malignant Histologic Volume Fraction;citation_pages=887-896;citation_volume=250;citation_year=2009;citation_issue=3;citation_pmid=19244052;citation_doi=10.1148/radiol.2502071444" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol;citation_author=LS. Hu;citation_author=JM. Eschbacher;citation_author=AC. Dueck;citation_title=Correlations between perfusion MR imaging cerebral blood volume, microvessel quantification, and clinical outcome using stereotactic analysis in recurrent high-grade glioma;citation_volume=33;citation_year=2012;citation_pmid=22095961;citation_doi=10.3174/ajnr.A2743" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Histopathology;citation_journal_abbrev=Histopathology;citation_author=S. Sharma;citation_author=MC. Sharma;citation_author=C. Sarkar;citation_title=Morphology of angiogenesis in human cancer: a conceptual overview, histoprognostic perspective and significance of neoangiogenesis.;citation_pages=481-489;citation_volume=46;citation_year=2005;citation_issue=5;citation_pmid=15842629;citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02142.x" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Cancer;citation_journal_abbrev=Cancer;citation_author=SP. Leon;citation_author=RD. Folkerth;citation_author=PM. Black;citation_title=Microvessel density is a prognostic indicator for patients with astroglial brain tumors.;citation_pages=362-372;citation_volume=77;citation_year=1996;citation_issue=2;citation_pmid=8625246;citation_doi=10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960115)77:2&lt;362::AID-CNCR20&gt;3.0.CO;2-Z" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Cancer treatment and research;citation_journal_abbrev=Cancer Treat Res;citation_author=RD. Folkerth;citation_title=Histologic measures of angiogenesis in human primary brain tumors.;citation_pages=79-95;citation_volume=117;citation_year=2004;citation_pmid=15015553;citation_doi=10.1007/978-1-4419-8871-3" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=J Neurosurg;citation_author=P. Wesseling;citation_author=JA. van der Laak;citation_author=H. de Leeuw;citation_title=Quantitative immunohistological analysis of the microvasculature in untreated human glioblastoma multiforme. Computer-assisted image analysis of whole-tumor sections.;citation_pages=902-909;citation_volume=81;citation_year=1994;citation_issue=6;citation_pmid=7525899;citation_doi=10.3171/jns.1994.81.6.0902" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=New England Journal of Medicine;citation_journal_abbrev=NEJM;citation_author=European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor and Radiotherapy Groups, National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group;citation_title=Radiotherapy plus Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide for Glioblastoma;citation_pages=987-996;citation_volume=352;citation_year=2005;citation_issue=10;citation_pmid=15758009;citation_doi=10.1056/NEJMoa043330" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Cancer;citation_journal_abbrev=Cancer;citation_author=PC. Burger;citation_author=MS. Mahley;citation_author=L. Dudka;citation_author=FS. Vogel;citation_title=The morphologic effects of radiation administered therapeutically for intracranial gliomas: a postmortem study of 25 cases.;citation_pages=1256-1272;citation_volume=44;citation_year=1979;citation_issue=4;citation_pmid=387205;citation_doi=10.1002/1097-0142(197910)44:4&lt;1256::AID-CNCR2820440415&gt;3.0.CO;2-T" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=J Neurosurg;citation_author=PA. Forsyth;citation_author=PJ. Kelly;citation_author=TL. Cascino;citation_title=Radiation necrosis or glioma recurrence: is computer-assisted stereotactic biopsy useful?;citation_pages=436-444;citation_volume=82;citation_year=1995;citation_issue=3;citation_pmid=7861222;citation_doi=10.3171/jns.1995.82.3.0436" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System;citation_year=2007" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=American Journal of Roentgenology;citation_journal_abbrev=Am. J. Roentgenol.;citation_author=M. Essig;citation_author=MS. Shiroishi;citation_author=TB. Nguyen;citation_title=Perfusion MRI: The Five Most Frequently Asked Technical Questions;citation_pages=24-34;citation_volume=200;citation_year=2013;citation_issue=1;citation_pmid=23255738;citation_doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9543" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neuroradiology;citation_author=A. Falk;citation_author=M. Fahlström;citation_author=E. Rostrup;citation_title=Discrimination between glioma grades II and III in suspected low-grade gliomas using dynamic contrast-enhanced and dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging: a histogram analysis approach;citation_pages=1031-38;citation_volume=56;citation_year=2014;citation_pmid=25204450;citation_doi=10.1007/s00234-014-1426-z" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of magnetic resonance imaging :  JMRI;citation_journal_abbrev=J Magn Reson Imaging;citation_author=A. Kassner;citation_author=DJ. Annesley;citation_author=XP. Zhu;citation_title=Abnormalities of the contrast re-circulation phase in cerebral tumors demonstrated using dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced imaging: a possible marker of vascular tortuosity.;citation_pages=103-113;citation_volume=11;citation_year=2000;citation_issue=2;citation_pmid=10713941;citation_doi=10.1002/(SICI)1522-2586(200002)11:2&lt;103::AID-JMRI5&gt;3.0.CO;2-Z" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol;citation_author=GS. Young;citation_author=K. Setayesh;citation_title=Spin-echo echo-planar perfusion MR imaging in the differential diagnosis of solitary enhancing brain lesions: distinguishing solitary metastases from primary glioma;citation_volume=30;citation_year=2009;citation_pmid=19095787;citation_doi=10.3174/ajnr.A1239" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=American Journal of Neuroradiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Am. J. Neuroradiol.;citation_author=T. Sugahara;citation_author=Y. Korogi;citation_author=M. Kochi;citation_title=Perfusion-sensitive MR Imaging of Gliomas: Comparison between Gradient-echo and Spin-echo Echo-planar Imaging Techniques;citation_pages=1306-1315;citation_volume=22;citation_year=2001;citation_issue=7;citation_pmid=11498419" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=American Journal of Neuroradiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Am. J. Neuroradiol.;citation_author=KM. Schmainda;citation_author=SD. Rand;citation_author=AM. Joseph;citation_title=Characterization of a First-Pass Gradient-Echo Spin-Echo Method to Predict Brain Tumor Grade and Angiogenesis;citation_pages=1524-1532;citation_volume=25;citation_year=2004;citation_issue=9;citation_pmid=15502131" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Magnetic resonance in medicine :  official journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine / Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine;citation_journal_abbrev=Magn Reson Med;citation_author=AP. Pathak;citation_author=KM. Schmainda;citation_author=BD. Ward;citation_title=MR-derived cerebral blood volume maps: issues regarding histological validation and assessment of tumor angiogenesis.;citation_pages=735-747;citation_volume=46;citation_year=2001;citation_issue=4;citation_pmid=11590650;citation_doi=10.1002/mrm.1252" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Clin Neurosci;citation_author=MN. Thuy;citation_author=JK. Kam;citation_author=GC. Lee;citation_title=A novel literature-based approach to identify genetic and molecular predictors of survival in glioblastoma multiforme: analysis of 14,678 patients using systematic review and meta-analytical tools;citation_pages=785-99;citation_volume=22;citation_year=2015;citation_pmid=25698544;citation_doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2014.10.029" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=J Neurosurg;citation_author=N. Sanai;citation_author=MY. Polley;citation_author=MW. McDermott;citation_title=An extent of resection threshold for newly diagnosed glioblastomas.;citation_pages=3-8;citation_volume=115;citation_year=2011;citation_issue=1;citation_pmid=21417701;citation_doi=10.3171/2011.2.JNS10998" />
<meta name="citation_fulltext_world_readable" content="" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/36/12.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Relative cerebral blood volume, as measured by T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI, represents the most robust and widely used perfusion MR imaging metric in neuro-oncology. Our aim was to determine whether differences in modeling implementation will impact the correction of leakage effects (from blood-brain barrier disruption) and the accuracy of relative CBV calculations as measured on T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 3T field strength.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 52 patients with glioma undergoing DSC MR imaging. Thirty-six patients underwent both non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected DSC acquisitions, with 16 patients undergoing preload dose–corrected acquisitions only. For each acquisition, we generated 2 sets of relative CBV metrics by using 2 separate, widely published, FDA-approved commercial software packages: IB Neuro and nordicICE. We calculated 4 relative CBV metrics within tumor volumes: mean relative CBV, mode relative CBV, percentage of voxels with relative CBV &gt; 1.75, and percentage of voxels with relative CBV &gt; 1.0 (fractional tumor burden). We determined Pearson ( r ) and Spearman (ρ) correlations between non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected metrics. In a subset of patients with recurrent glioblastoma ( n = 25), we determined receiver operating characteristic area under the curve for fractional tumor burden accuracy to predict the tissue diagnosis of tumor recurrence versus posttreatment effect. We also determined correlations between rCBV and microvessel area from stereotactic biopsies ( n = 29) in 12 patients.

RESULTS: With IB Neuro, relative CBV metrics correlated highly between non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected conditions for fractional tumor burden ( r = 0.96, ρ = 0.94), percentage &gt; 1.75 ( r = 0.93, ρ = 0.91), mean ( r = 0.87, ρ = 0.86), and mode ( r = 0.78, ρ = 0.76). These correlations dropped substantially with nordicICE. With fractional tumor burden, IB Neuro was more accurate than nordicICE in diagnosing tumor versus posttreatment effect (area under the curve = 0.85 versus 0.67) ( P &lt; .01). The highest relative CBV–microvessel area correlations required preload dose and IB Neuro ( r = 0.64, ρ = 0.58, P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Different implementations of perfusion MR imaging software modeling can impact the accuracy of leakage correction, relative CBV calculation, and correlations with histologic benchmarks.

FTB
:   fractional tumor burden
GBCA
:   gadolinium-based contrast agents
IBN
:   IB Neuro
MVA
:   microvessel area
NICE
:   nordicICE
PLD
:   preload dose
pMRI
:   perfusion MR imaging
rCBV
:   relative cerebral blood volume" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Relative cerebral blood volume, as measured by T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI, represents the most robust and widely used perfusion MR imaging metric in neuro-oncology. Our aim was to determine whether differences in modeling implementation will impact the correction of leakage effects (from blood-brain barrier disruption) and the accuracy of relative CBV calculations as measured on T2*-weighted dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 3T field strength.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 52 patients with glioma undergoing DSC MR imaging. Thirty-six patients underwent both non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected DSC acquisitions, with 16 patients undergoing preload dose–corrected acquisitions only. For each acquisition, we generated 2 sets of relative CBV metrics by using 2 separate, widely published, FDA-approved commercial software packages: IB Neuro and nordicICE. We calculated 4 relative CBV metrics within tumor volumes: mean relative CBV, mode relative CBV, percentage of voxels with relative CBV &gt; 1.75, and percentage of voxels with relative CBV &gt; 1.0 (fractional tumor burden). We determined Pearson ( r ) and Spearman (ρ) correlations between non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected metrics. In a subset of patients with recurrent glioblastoma ( n = 25), we determined receiver operating characteristic area under the curve for fractional tumor burden accuracy to predict the tissue diagnosis of tumor recurrence versus posttreatment effect. We also determined correlations between rCBV and microvessel area from stereotactic biopsies ( n = 29) in 12 patients.

RESULTS: With IB Neuro, relative CBV metrics correlated highly between non-preload dose– and preload dose–corrected conditions for fractional tumor burden ( r = 0.96, ρ = 0.94), percentage &gt; 1.75 ( r = 0.93, ρ = 0.91), mean ( r = 0.87, ρ = 0.86), and mode ( r = 0.78, ρ = 0.76). These correlations dropped substantially with nordicICE. With fractional tumor burden, IB Neuro was more accurate than nordicICE in diagnosing tumor versus posttreatment effect (area under the curve = 0.85 versus 0.67) ( P &lt; .01). The highest relative CBV–microvessel area correlations required preload dose and IB Neuro ( r = 0.64, ρ = 0.58, P = .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Different implementations of perfusion MR imaging software modeling can impact the accuracy of leakage correction, relative CBV calculation, and correlations with histologic benchmarks.

FTB
:   fractional tumor burden
GBCA
:   gadolinium-based contrast agents
IBN
:   IB Neuro
MVA
:   microvessel area
NICE
:   nordicICE
PLD
:   preload dose
pMRI
:   perfusion MR imaging
rCBV
:   relative cerebral blood volume" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta name="og-image" property="og:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/36/12.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" title="Powerpoint" href="/content/36/12/2242.ppt" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/plain" title="Full Text (Plain)" href="/content/36/12/2242.full.txt" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="Full Text (PDF)" href="/content/36/12/2242.full.pdf" />
<link rel="canonical" href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242" />
<script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];window.dataLayer.push({"page":{"hwTitle":"Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma","hwUrl":"http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242","hwPath":"/content/36/12/2242/tab-supplemental","hwType":"journal page"},"user":{"hwMemberID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitution":"","hwAccessUsageTerms":"guest","hwRegisteredUser":"no","hwHasFullTextAccess":"yes","hwEntitled":"no"},"content":{"hwIssueDate":"2015-12-01","hwIssueDateTime":"2015-12-01 00:00:00","hwPublicationDate":"2015-12-15","hwPublicationDateTime":"2015-12-15 08:01:06","hwNlmArticleType":"research-article","hwDOI":"10.3174/ajnr.A4451","hwAuthors":"L.S. Hu,Z. Kelm,P. Korfiatis,A.C. Dueck,C. Elrod,B.M. Ellingson,T.J. Kaufmann,J.M. Eschbacher,J.P. Karis,K. Smith,P. Nakaji,D. Brinkman,D. Pafundi,L.C. Baxter,B.J. Erickson","hwContributors":"","hwIsEarlyRelease":"no","hwEissn":"1936-959X","hwPissn":"0195-6108","hwVolume":"36","hwIssue":"12","hwArticleType":"ADULT BRAIN","hwTabView":"main_tab","hwViewType":"full","hwAccessType":"OpenAccess","hwOpenAccess":"yes","hwFreeAccess":"yes","hwTaxonomy":"","hwCorpusCode":"ajnr","hwType":"article","hwSubtitle":null,"hwOverline":null,"hwPisaId":"ajnr;36/12/2242","hwFirstPage":"2242","hwLastPage":"2249","hwIsLatestVersion":"yes","hwIsCurrentIssue":"no","hwIsOpenIssue":"no","hwHasFullText":"yes","hwHasPDF":"yes","hwParentTitle":"American Journal of Neuroradiology: 36 (12)","hwElectronicPubDate":"2015-12-15","hwElectronicPubDateTime":"2015-12-15 08:01:06"}});
//--><!]]></script>
    <title>Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma | American Journal of Neuroradiology</title>  
    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__BJ6Ou6QsBRtnFTmxaakamOIS8n4QswDP2XnnZ1sxtaM__NBuvkP6eInGIkb1aJvUHx5PX79XApuxBDkk_77W5tYk__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__azeXjFYQUa4gTbdEg4sgM2osudOlAYwVv6vNmRXI3ac__zr83wx5lNxUVx-jSIFm8RDKOeMAB7RbaBxriFHS3dt4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__Ep75tNOnm8H2Mejav16FnGCfM1sLwyporbQrCIgwg3g__vXGjszfa0bvxzymQ8Cfns-o2huFvm80jp3igN8XcYeI__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__TKi6DXKzgLPdEthh1Tnc63zY1QF4rLZHoM06Xy7VN6g__zaEHphFiBcrl8WVy_4n080y02dQ7HKxd_aqZbYgQ5Z0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/highwire.style.highwire.css?sycxuq" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__GCZYdoBJPkDPT11tDlq7l1SGMSI3i0pLRfwcRaDqjiw__1qMCzNFZKnaaDU1HkjUXfw159S5M5q2EDcw2MTzz3I4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__n6immcbFGHUyREsHs1QqY_W6CwI_fBjAiqk1kSw_TLk__OCnLRdd3X-ussp_qruJLv8g1F0mrp4lAVEWRv6BkGRo__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<style type="text/css" media="all">
/* <![CDATA[ */
#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom,#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{background:#000000;}#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper{background:transparent}#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h1,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h2,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h3,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text p,.eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{color:#ffffff !important;}.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{border-color:#ffffff;}.eu-cookie-compliance-more-button{color:#ffffff !important;}

/* ]]> */
</style>

<!--[if lte IE 7]>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__ElJr3PIJEvw3qLXc1cnYiLj2G4KgDPSXFOfm6Phf8hw__JdWGm15cDWjsK6KrFlQVXQix9YgNeYysf22XZHj-Y-c__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<![endif]-->
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__Wnlyen9qEpwh_Qaf9okEu4QdVGM0BDothxeqA6Nbvo8__EJmw6SZD9bYoS8jocCpPYS3JFRURpdzmuvJoAUNiI-g__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__nv7Hafs9UucfV8bmT4epWF4zWAFU2G9JLHVgOOHDqbA__k9QUw6MohZGXV0YlzqvUpPTbyzhbizsKOi4x3aA7Tx0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />

<!--[if (lt IE 9)&(!IEMobile)]>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__XH6bpcI0f2dImc-p674DLCZtWBGb-QwxJK1YexVGtno__vUceGprdo5nIhV6DH93X7fI3r8RcTJbChbas9TQXeW4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<![endif]-->

<!--[if gte IE 9]><!-->
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__2WBMox6sOrN42ss5lCnH7WWVRdFdJCxtTKnQJYRwTE4__yqNvNYLvMpjy3ffuJrjjm9uW2i-Me1c23KLYuWHaqio__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<!--<![endif]-->
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__wxg7u6KrkAKrph8zjmzjNAiqxtVP2vhMWX2NZ6DPPZE__ECvRNuvDf2Tm_Pc-j1mEkt48QjmIz2s2CyWDspWAhhI__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
    <script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
/*!
 * yepnope1.5.4
 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2
 */
(function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)j=a[i],e(j)?g(j,0,l,0):w(j)?B(j):Object(j)===j&&h(j,l);else Object(a)===a&&h(a,l)},B.addPrefix=function(a,b){z[a]=b},B.addFilter=function(a){x.push(a)},B.errorTimeout=1e4,null==b.readyState&&b.addEventListener&&(b.readyState="loading",b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A=function(){b.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A,0),b.readyState="complete"},0)),a.yepnope=k(),a.yepnope.executeStack=h,a.yepnope.injectJs=function(a,c,d,e,i,j){var k=b.createElement("script"),l,o,e=e||B.errorTimeout;k.src=a;for(o in d)k.setAttribute(o,d[o]);c=j?h:c||f,k.onreadystatechange=k.onload=function(){!l&&g(k.readyState)&&(l=1,c(),k.onload=k.onreadystatechange=null)},m(function(){l||(l=1,c(1))},e),i?k.onload():n.parentNode.insertBefore(k,n)},a.yepnope.injectCss=function(a,c,d,e,g,i){var e=b.createElement("link"),j,c=i?h:c||f;e.href=a,e.rel="stylesheet",e.type="text/css";for(j in d)e.setAttribute(j,d[j]);g||(n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n),m(c,0))}})(this,document);

//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/all/libraries/modernizr/modernizr.min.js?sycxuq"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
yepnope({
  test: Modernizr.matchmedia,
  nope: '/sites/all/libraries/media-match/media.match.min.js'
});
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__wH8myWXKi4A-QKdUKDXzJAnGs-FRS1A2ZzTTNzjRAdI__4MCtOZK_Ov0QKyRlXNLGQ2LRlYRGWj9ArT-NpFox3QA__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var googletag = googletag || {};
googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];
googletag.slots = googletag.slots || {};
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__9ici6QMeDS-cROq8R0RhuICsMGMP2wcJZNQQFsqQi44__kScSwG4RXGl1LXnj4qqt0ZxtNX4Gh2TK5W-o8Uup4SA__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__fwhbnUWIxW-jFl55E2mBYVtZTjGhJ1JWyZYAJ2cEd3A__jCrCuWCJIPYPe1FzZoUvsJWEjkNMmRIQHYek1h7idBE__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
googletag.slots["rhs"] = googletag.defineSlot("/446583111/RHS_300x250", [300, 250], "dfp-ad-rhs")
  .addService(googletag.pubads());
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__UR8BHznwml64Vq0ijSGFwlm-xe9ttj1aripHInFCOLw__irCalsu-H_fRTOPqjyCv1O8Ax7fqY6DDf-uMOV1dvGY__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
  .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90])
  .addSize([0, 0], [300, 50])
  .build();
googletag.slots["bottom_leaderboard"] = googletag.defineSlot("/446583111/Bottom_Banner_728x90", [[728, 90], [300, 50]], "dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard")
  .addService(googletag.pubads())
  .defineSizeMapping(mapping);
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__bQc6kyz_Gw2afC1F6wguCBh8Z8nev-hxX6F2Tw4bq6k__CO2faEsYCquY82rVj6as9HScSnogGHeR-oh5fSQydG0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
  .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90])
  .addSize([0, 0], [300, 50])
  .build();
googletag.slots["top_leaderboard"] = googletag.defineSlot("/446583111/Top_Leaderboard_728x90", [[728, 90], [300, 50]], "dfp-ad-top_leaderboard")
  .addService(googletag.pubads())
  .defineSizeMapping(mapping);
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__wS6WUeF11NLeJgCqxc-dMvjhALAMQG1jlaeWdG8yVZc__CPiombDS21ooaYdmqHXdcMoJwB2FMn18JzO97LewQxc__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
document.createElement( "picture" );
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__UK1ygaa8bCfT-jsjqYRdRLDZ5N17950T7K5WPC9XtpI__NqLYT1T1SMBsKukLWIe82VgCZYYCMHZX_f609-a1rj8__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
  googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering();
  googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();
  googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();
  googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded", function (event) {
    if (event.isEmpty) {
      var id = event.slot.getSlotElementId();
      var x = document.getElementById(id);
      if (x.parentElement.classList.contains("dfp-tag-wrapper")) {
        x.parentElement.style.display = "none";
      }
    }
  });
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwTitle", "Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwUrl", "http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwPath", "/content/36/12/2242/tab-supplemental");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwType", "journal page");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwAccessUsageTerms", "guest");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwRegisteredUser", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwHasFullTextAccess", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwEntitled", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDate", "2015-12-01");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDateTime", "2015-12-01 00:00:00");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDate", "2015-12-15");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDateTime", "2015-12-15 08:01:06");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwNlmArticleType", "research-article");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwDOI", "10.3174/ajnr.A4451");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwAuthors", ["L.S. Hu","Z. Kelm","P. Korfiatis","A.C. Dueck","C. Elrod","B.M. Ellingson","T.J. Kaufmann","J.M. Eschbacher","J.P. Karis","K. Smith","P. Nakaji","D. Brinkman","D. Pafundi","L.C. Baxter","B.J. Erickson"]);
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsEarlyRelease", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwEissn", "1936-959X");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPissn", "0195-6108");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwVolume", "36");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssue", "12");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwArticleType", "ADULT BRAIN");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwTabView", "main_tab");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwViewType", "full");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwAccessType", "OpenAccess");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwOpenAccess", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwFreeAccess", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwCorpusCode", "ajnr");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwType", "article");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPisaId", "ajnr;36/12/2242");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwFirstPage", "2242");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwLastPage", "2249");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsLatestVersion", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsCurrentIssue", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsOpenIssue", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasFullText", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasPDF", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwParentTitle", "American Journal of Neuroradiology: 36 (12)");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDate", "2015-12-15");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDateTime", "2015-12-15 08:01:06");
});

googletag.enableServices();
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__3vwOA0BwlnyBkt9H4CLg6FgNyKAh--OmfOxFOIu_5S4__EXTgktcHbQ7BQfelY6CnrqgPRc4i4eD6XcZ4i3xs5RU__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_js/casa.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__9KVl25y7_YSWsHd8MJxANuoBa2gQO2D6JActjFaWm7Y__xYFBh175l8jQKFw3m-HycL27WpXn5AhyqmE54lX1y5k__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?hl=en&amp;render=explicit&amp;onload=drupalRecaptchaOnload"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__4ykqVVdSaGtVGauctG3E3Uojp_237f35KQ7wMtKX9S4__4JHByHSitU6UdWxmWARTSoZyB2PFgzkw__raxGdvbvk__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--

      $(document).ready(function() {
          $.getJSON("//www.deepdyve.com/rental-link?docId=10.3174/ajnr.A4451&journal=1936-959X&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=asnr&format=jsonp&callback=?", function(data) {
            if (data.status === "ok") {
              // Update the href url so it goes straight to the article page
              $(".js-deepdyve-link a").attr("href", data.url);
              $(".js-deepdyve-link").show();
            } else if (data.status === "not_found") {
              $(".js-deepdyve-link").hide();
            }
          });
        });
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__msHj38UGaDSh75fm0y4NZQL34TdP45x2BK1FdKTv6ZM__C89OzFxPAWvHKPA2LSTrninkZhH68bcfaE1RL2F3atw__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__DB1qE9oPA7BmkZgUlfWOGlpBCMBBy9vo9Y3Q5EVKkjg__qxHOHuuCB_A7KuBHI2XD3Xrp0bLFZN25UhOoa5zY4OQ__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4CRTLTY8KW"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-4CRTLTY8KW", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true});
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__xwmR_XUqgIHdKocIkn2GiqYMVWJ0gY7OwpoARPRxEYM__CdSkXbn46iKUJfVct1nUx50N8MQ35eZOCMya9EuGbeU__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__156__G_TX0wWbp2x4EuISKOgbs4NaeHZ2KmXq85T6UI__w2izI_4UeJKq2XZJo79kNkQyxp_-2ptYjzA3YJcr-tg__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__az53Pz-SG0wejB-7UDzC-AbKqNFb4dAiZbq9Ymbj0sY__8FyXs8A34T1jX6OUXsgX27-4ASoy8QDncslXiOc2PK4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"jcore_1","theme_token":"7vAFjCtc5kHxydD1qhKZ6XvCTYmnHIHVWPcV57bRhHw","js":{"sites\/all\/libraries\/modernizr\/modernizr.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.8\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.button.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.mouse.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.draggable.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.position.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.resizable.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.dialog.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.tooltip.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.accordion.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/jquery.bgiframe\/jquery.bgiframe.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/jquery.hoverIntent\/jquery.hoverIntent.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/superfish.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/nice_menus\/js\/nice_menus.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/js\/jquery.cookie-1.4.1.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.equal-heights.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.panels-ajax-tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/colorbox\/jquery.colorbox-min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.js":1,"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_js\/casa.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_log\/highwire_log.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/js\/highwire_user_meta.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab\/js\/panels_ajax_tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/captcha\/captcha.js":1,"misc\/textarea.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/recaptcha\/js\/recaptcha.js":1,"https:\/\/www.google.com\/recaptcha\/api.js?hl=en\u0026render=explicit\u0026onload=drupalRecaptchaOnload":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_citation\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_citation_export.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_share_dialog.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/minipanel_dialog_link.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/clipboard.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_clipboard.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/service_links\/js\/twitter_button.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/service_links\/js\/facebook_like.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/service_links\/js\/google_plus_one.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_article_nav.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_nav_float.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_citing_links.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_search\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_search_similar_articles.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_accordion\/js\/panels_accordion.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.article-citation-access.js":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/2.2.1\/jquery.qtip.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.article-citation-author-tooltip.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/plugins\/styles\/highwire_responsive_toggle\/highwire_responsive_toggle.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=G-4CRTLTY8KW":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/js\/theme-scripts.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/js\/highwire-mediaqueries.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/enquire.js\/enquire.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picturefill2\/picturefill.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_panels_ajax_tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_user_salutation.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/js\/eu_cookie_compliance.js":1,"http:\/\/securepubads.g.doubleclick.net\/tag\/js\/gpt.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.gtranslate.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_datalayer\/js\/highwire_datalayer.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/jquery.formalize.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-mediaqueries.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-equalheights.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.button.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.resizable.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.dialog.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.tooltip.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.accordion.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_popup\/themes\/datepicker.1.7.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_draw\/css\/highwire-draw.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_folders\/highwire_folders.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/css\/highwire-responsive.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_saved_searches\/highwire_saved_searches.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/highwire_user.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture_wysiwyg.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_admanager\/google_admanager.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire.style.highwire.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/nlm-elements.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"public:\/\/ctools\/css\/263bfdb18936424f0ade19d6bd885f37.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab\/css\/panels_ajax_tab.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/layouts\/highwire_2col_stacked\/highwire-2col-stacked.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/forward\/forward.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_share_link.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_copy_permalink.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire.style.markup.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_citing_links.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_reports_feed.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire-article-citation-list.css":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/2.2.1\/jquery.qtip.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/plugins\/styles\/highwire_responsive_toggle\/highwire_responsive_toggle.css.less":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/nice_menus\/css\/nice_menus.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/nice_menus\/css\/nice_menus_default.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/css\/eu_cookie_compliance.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire.gtranslate.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons-glyphs.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/eu_cookie_compliance.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/font-awesome-ie7.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-reset.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-mobile.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-alpha.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/formalize.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-text.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-branding.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-menu.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire-forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/mobile-reset.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/font-awesome.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/global.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jquery-ui-elements.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/text.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/eletters.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/colors.css.less":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-normal.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/normal\/jcore-default-normal-30.css":1,"narrow::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"narrow::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-narrow.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/narrow\/jcore-default-narrow-30.css":1,"normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-normal.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/normal\/jcore-default-normal-30.css":1,"wide::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"wide::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-wide.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/wide\/jcore-default-wide-30.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_ajnr_styles\/css\/jnl-ajnr-styles.css.less":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_ajnr_styles\/css\/jnl-ajnr-breakpoints.css.less":1}},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"highwire":{"markup":[{"requested":"short-text","variant":"abstract","view":"abstract","pisa":"ajnr;36\/12\/2242"},{"requested":"short-text","variant":"abstract","view":"abstract","pisa":"ajnr;36\/12\/2242"},{"requested":"index","variant":"index","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A4451\/DC1"},{"requested":"index","variant":"index","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A4451\/DC1"},{"requested":"long","variant":"full-text","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;36\/12\/2242"},{"requested":"full-text","variant":"full-text","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;36\/12\/2242"},{"requested":"index","variant":"index","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A4451\/DC1"}],"nid":"14188","apath":"\/ajnr\/36\/12\/2242.atom","pisa":"ajnr;36\/12\/2242","ac":{"\/ajnr\/36\/12\/2242.atom":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"","apath":"\/ajnr\/36\/12\/2242.atom","jcode":"ajnr"},"ajnr;36\/12\/2242":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"ajnr;36\/12\/2242","apath":"","jcode":"ajnr"}},"modal_window_width":"560","share_modal_width":"560","share_modal_title":"Share this Article","dataLayer":"{\u0022page\u0022:{\u0022hwTitle\u0022:\u0022Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma\u0022,\u0022hwUrl\u0022:\u0022http:\\\/\\\/ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org\\\/content\\\/36\\\/12\\\/2242\u0022,\u0022hwPath\u0022:\u0022\\\/content\\\/36\\\/12\\\/2242\\\/tab-supplemental\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022journal page\u0022},\u0022user\u0022:{\u0022hwMemberID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitution\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessUsageTerms\u0022:\u0022guest\u0022,\u0022hwRegisteredUser\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullTextAccess\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwEntitled\u0022:\u0022no\u0022},\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022hwIssueDate\u0022:\u00222015-12-01\u0022,\u0022hwIssueDateTime\u0022:\u00222015-12-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDate\u0022:\u00222015-12-15\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDateTime\u0022:\u00222015-12-15 08:01:06\u0022,\u0022hwNlmArticleType\u0022:\u0022research-article\u0022,\u0022hwDOI\u0022:\u002210.3174\\\/ajnr.A4451\u0022,\u0022hwAuthors\u0022:\u0022L.S. Hu,Z. Kelm,P. Korfiatis,A.C. Dueck,C. Elrod,B.M. Ellingson,T.J. Kaufmann,J.M. Eschbacher,J.P. Karis,K. Smith,P. Nakaji,D. Brinkman,D. Pafundi,L.C. Baxter,B.J. Erickson\u0022,\u0022hwContributors\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwIsEarlyRelease\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwEissn\u0022:\u00221936-959X\u0022,\u0022hwPissn\u0022:\u00220195-6108\u0022,\u0022hwVolume\u0022:\u002236\u0022,\u0022hwIssue\u0022:\u002212\u0022,\u0022hwArticleType\u0022:\u0022ADULT BRAIN\u0022,\u0022hwTabView\u0022:\u0022main_tab\u0022,\u0022hwViewType\u0022:\u0022full\u0022,\u0022hwAccessType\u0022:\u0022OpenAccess\u0022,\u0022hwOpenAccess\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwFreeAccess\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwTaxonomy\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwCorpusCode\u0022:\u0022ajnr\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022hwSubtitle\u0022:null,\u0022hwOverline\u0022:null,\u0022hwPisaId\u0022:\u0022ajnr;36\\\/12\\\/2242\u0022,\u0022hwFirstPage\u0022:\u00222242\u0022,\u0022hwLastPage\u0022:\u00222249\u0022,\u0022hwIsLatestVersion\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwIsCurrentIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwIsOpenIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullText\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwHasPDF\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwParentTitle\u0022:\u0022American Journal of Neuroradiology: 36 (12)\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDate\u0022:\u00222015-12-15\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDateTime\u0022:\u00222015-12-15 08:01:06\u0022}}"},"highwire_panel_tabs":[{"panel_name":"jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf","panel_ajax_tab":"jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf"}],"panel_ajax_tab":{"path":"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/content\/36\/12\/2242\/tab-supplemental":true},"ws_fl":{"width":100,"height":21},"ws_gpo":{"size":"","annotation":"","lang":"","callback":"","width":300},"highwire_search_similar_articles":{"highwire-search-similar-articles-list-1":{"conf":{"context":"requiredcontext_entity:node_1","override_title":1,"override_title_text":"\u003Ci class=\u0022icon-caret-right\u0022\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E Similar Articles","number_per_page":"5","show_pager":0,"more_link_path":"similar\/articles","more_link":1,"empty_message":"No similar articles are available.","citation_style":"jcore_standard","title_type":"prefer_short","title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"display_cme_link":0,"display_access_indicator_text":0,"display_highlight_image":"0","display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"override_title_heading":"h2","citation_settings_source":"citation_manager","citation_manager_wrapper":{"citation_manager_citation":"jcore_list_title_only"},"corpus_config_wrapper":{"corpus_config_citation_context":[]},"cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_variant":"large","featured_image_click_image":"colorbox","display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":0,"display_ads_search_tooltip":0,"display_agricola_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"","display_translations":0,"display_translations_text":"","display_translations_text_icon":"","bundle_overrides_checkboxes":{"highwire_book_fragment":{"selector":0},"highwire_news_story":{"selector":0},"highwire_book_edition":{"selector":0},"highwire_article":{"selector":0},"highwire_issue":{"selector":0},"highwire_comment":{"selector":0},"highwire_fragment":{"selector":0},"highwire_book_section":{"selector":0},"highwire_journal":{"selector":0}},"bundle_overrides":{"highwire_book_fragment":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"jcore_title_and_author","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":"0","access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"thumbnail","display_fragment_caption":1,"display_parent_citation":1,"parent_citation_type":"highwire_book_section","parent_citation_settings":{"citation_style":"folio_book_sections_standard","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"}},"highwire_news_story":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":"0","highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":0,"display_pubmed_tooltip":0,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":0},"highwire_book_edition":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"folio_books_standard","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"},"highwire_article":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":0,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":"0","highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_variant":"large","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_cme_link":0,"display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"display_ads_search_tooltip":0,"display_agricola_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/","display_translations":0,"display_translations_text":"Translations Available","display_translations_text_icon":"icon-globe"},"highwire_issue":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"},"highwire_comment":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"highwire_comment","show_title":0,"title_as_link":0,"title_as_link_type":"tab_view","author_format_type":"fullname","author_format_custom":"","author_list_separator":", ","date_format":"(j F Y)","display_comment_body":1,"display_attachment":1,"display_conflict_of_interest":1},"highwire_fragment":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"jcore_title_and_author","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":"0","access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_fragment_caption":1,"fragment_image_settings":{"fragment_image_variant":"medium","fragment_click_image":"colorbox","show_download_links":1},"display_parent_citation":1,"parent_citation_type":"highwire_article","parent_citation_settings":{"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":0,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":"0","highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_variant":"large","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_cme_link":0,"display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"display_ads_search_tooltip":0,"display_agricola_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/","display_translations":0,"display_translations_text":"Translations Available","display_translations_text_icon":"icon-globe"}},"highwire_book_section":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"folio_book_sections_standard","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"},"highwire_journal":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"}},"cpath_prefix":"\/content","ajax_loading_icon_classes":"icon-spinner icon-spin icon-2x","ajax_loading_text":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"more_link_label":"See more","url_parameters":{"q":"node\/14188","panels_ajax_tab_tab":"jnl_ajnr_tab_supp","panels_ajax_tab_trigger":"tab-supplemental"}},"nid":"14188"}},"panels_accordion":{"highwire_article_accordion_container":{"heightStyle":"content","autoHeight":false,"collapsible":0,"region_accordion_id":"highwire_article_accordion_container","active":0,"animated":"slide"}},"color":{"logo":"http:\/\/ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ajnr-web-logo_0.png"},"instances":"{\u0022highwire_abstract_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:20,\u0022height\u0022:20,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022right center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022left center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022shift\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter click \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_author_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022bottom center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_reflinks_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022mimic\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022bottom left\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022top left\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022flip\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}}}","qtipDebug":"{\u0022leaveElement\u0022:0}","nice_menus_options":{"delay":800,"speed":"fast"},"highwireResponsive":{"enquire_enabled":1,"breakpoints_configured":1,"breakpoints":{"zero":"all and (min-width: 0px)","xsmall":"all and (min-width: 380px)","narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"popup_enabled":1,"popup_agreed_enabled":0,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":true,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n        class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n        class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n        class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n        class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":"768","popup_html_agreed":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content agreed\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EThank you for accepting cookies. You can now hide this message or find out more about cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022hide-popup-button eu-cookie-compliance-hide-button\u0022\u003EHide\u003C\/button\u003E\n              \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button-thank-you\u0022 \u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/help\/cookie-policy","popup_link_new_window":1,"popup_position":null,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":0,"reload_page":0,"domain":"","popup_eu_only_js":0,"cookie_lifetime":365,"cookie_session":false,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":0,"method":"default","whitelisted_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003E\u0026lt;h2\u0026gt;We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u0026lt;\/h2\u0026gt;\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;You have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u0026lt;\/p\u0026gt;\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button\u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","withdraw_enabled":false},"googleanalytics":{"account":["G-4CRTLTY8KW"],"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackColorbox":1},"omega":{"layouts":{"primary":"normal","order":["narrow","normal","wide"],"queries":{"narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}}}});
//--><!]]>
</script>
    <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]-->
  </head>
  <body class="html not-front not-logged-in page-node page-node- page-node-14188 node-type-highwire-article context-content hw-default-jcode-ajnr hw-article-type-research-article hw-article-category-adult-brain">
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MXP45WNH" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MXP45WNH');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
    <div id="skip-link">
      <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a>
    </div>
    <div class="region region-page-top" id="region-page-top">
  <div class="region-inner region-page-top-inner">
      </div>
</div>    <div class="page clearfix footer-borders panels-page panels-layout-jcore_2col" id="page">
      <header id="section-header" class="section section-header">
  <div id="zone-advertising-top-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-advertising-top-wrapper clearfix">  
  <div id="zone-advertising-top" class="zone zone-advertising-top clearfix container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-ad-top" id="region-ad-top">
  <div class="region-inner region-ad-top-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini mobile-hiddens rtecenter block-jnl-ajnr-ad-leaderboard block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-leaderboard odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-leaderboard">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_ad_leaderboard">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane text-center" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="dfp-ad-top_leaderboard-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
<div class="slug">Advertisement</div>
<div  id="dfp-ad-top_leaderboard" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
  <script type="text/javascript">
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
      googletag.display("dfp-ad-top_leaderboard");
    });
  </script>
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div><div id="zone-superheader-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-superheader-wrapper clearfix mobile-only print-hidden">  
  <div id="zone-superheader" class="zone zone-superheader clearfix mobile-only print-hidden container-30">
    <div class="grid-30 region region-superheader" id="region-superheader">
  <div class="region-inner region-superheader-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini block-responsive-menu block-panels-mini-responsive-menu odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-responsive-menu">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div id="unique-id3" class="highwire-responsive-toggle-group"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-responsive-menu-main-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-reorder"></span><span class="element-invisible">Main menu</span></h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu_main_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-menu-tree pane-main-menu" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-ctools-main-menu-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-main-menu:0 menu-level-1">
  <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-772" role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li>
<li class="expanded active-trail menu-mlid-773" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="active active-trail" data-icon-position="">Content</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first expanded menu-mlid-774" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Current Issue</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1747" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/preprint" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Preprint</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-775" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/recent" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Ahead of Print</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-776" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Past Issue Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-900" role="menuitem"><a href="/cow/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Week Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1006" role="menuitem"><a href="/cc/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Classic Case Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-901" role="menuitem"><a href="/com/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Month Archive</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1334" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/content/covid-19-content-and-resources" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">COVID-19 Content and Resources</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="expanded menu-mlid-784" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About Us</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-785" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/About" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">About AJNR</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-899" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/page/content/Ed-Board" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Editorial Board</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-864" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.asnr.org" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">American Society of Neuroradiology</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="expanded menu-mlid-1746" role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">For Authors</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1725" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/author-policies" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Author Policies</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1856" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/preprint_publishing" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Preprint Publishing</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1726" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/manuscript-submission-guidelines" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Manuscript Submission Guidelines</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-862" role="menuitem"><a href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ajnr" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">Submit a Manuscript</a></li>
<li class="expanded menu-mlid-1184" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Special Collections</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1733" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/CSF-Spinal-Leak" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1185" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/most-impactful-ajnr-articles" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Most Impactful AJNR Articles</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1896" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/2024-Awards" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">2024 AJNR Journal Awards</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="last expanded menu-mlid-788" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/advertising" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-780" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribers</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-863" role="menuitem"><a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/details/journal/122810747" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Permissions</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-782" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Ads" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Advertisers</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-790" role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-791" role="menuitem"><a href="/feedback" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Feedback</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
</ul></nav></div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-responsive-menu-user-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-gear"></span><span class="element-invisible">User menu</span></h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu_user_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-menu-tree pane-user-menu" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-ctools-user-menu-1 menu-name-user-menu parent-mlid-user-menu:0 menu-level-1">
  <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-801" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-802" role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-803" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/login?destination=/content/36/12/2242%3Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%3Djnl_ajnr_tab_supp%26panels_ajax_tab_trigger%3Dtab-supplemental" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-17" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/logout?current=node/14188" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log out</a></li>
</ul></nav></div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-user-identities" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-user-message" data-separator="|"><span class="highwire-user-institution" data-id-type="institution" data-identity="a%3A2%3A%7Bs%3A4%3A%22show%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A7%3A%22message%22%3Bs%3A50%3A%22Institution%3A%20%5Bidentity%3Ainstitutional_display_name%5D%22%3B%7D"></span></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-responsive-menu-search" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-search"></span><span class="element-invisible">Search</span></h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu_search">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-qsearch-nocontext" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/36/12/2242/tab-supplemental" method="post" id="highwire-search-qsearch-nocontext-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords">
  <label class="element-invisible" for="quick_search_header_keywords_964067340">Search for this keyword </label>
 <input placeholder="Search..." type="text" id="quick_search_header_keywords_964067340" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" />
</div>
<div class="button-wrapper button-mini"><span class="icon-search"></span><input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="quick_search_header_submit_494353024" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-xJUKXNLlTOUl67STirRgu1t3Jjlv4PZxpGh4aARMpaQ" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_qsearch_nocontext_form" />
</div></form>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1 highwire-responsive-advanced-search-link pane-menu-tree" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <ul class="menu">
  <li><a href="/search" title="Advanced search">Advanced search</a></li>
  </ul>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div></div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-panels-mini block-hw-small-logo block-panels-mini-hw-small-logo even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-hw-small-logo">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-hw_small_logo">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-small-logo" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/ajnr-logo.png" alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology" title="American Journal of Neuroradiology" /></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div><div id="zone-user-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-user-wrapper clearfix mobile-hidden print-hidden">  
  <div id="zone-user" class="zone zone-user clearfix equal-height-container mobile-hidden print-hidden container-30">    
  	    <div class="grid-30 region region-user-second equal-height-element" id="region-user-second">
  <div class="region-inner region-user-second-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini text-right no-margin-bottom block-jnl-ajnr-uid-strng block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-uid-strng odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-uid-strng">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_uid_strng">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-user-identities" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-user-message" data-separator=" | "><span class="highwire-user-institution" data-id-type="institution" data-identity="a%3A2%3A%7Bs%3A4%3A%22show%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A7%3A%22message%22%3Bs%3A85%3A%22%3Cspan%20class%3D%22narrow-hidden%22%3EInstitution%3A%20%3C%2Fspan%3E%5Bidentity%3Ainstitutional_display_name%5D%22%3B%7D"></span></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  
  <div id="zone-branding" class="zone zone-branding clearfix mobile-hidden print-display-block container-30">
    <div class="grid-19 prefix-1 region region-branding print-display-block" id="region-branding">
  <div class="region-inner region-branding-inner">
        <div class="branding-data clearfix">
            <div class="logo-img">
        <a href="/" rel="home" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/ajnr-web-logo_0.png" /></a>      </div>
                        <hgroup class="site-name-slogan element-invisible">        
                                <h2 class="site-name element-invisible"><a href="/" title="Home" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">American Journal of Neuroradiology</a></h2>
                              </hgroup>
          </div>
          </div>
</div><div class="grid-9 suffix-1 region region-branding-second print-hidden" id="region-branding-second">
  <div class="region-inner region-branding-second-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini text-right no-margin-bottom block-jnl-ajnr-user-menu block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-user-menu odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-user-menu">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_user_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-system-user-menu links inline pane-system" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/login?destination=/content/36/12/2242%3Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%3Djnl_ajnr_tab_supp%26panels_ajax_tab_trigger%3Dtab-supplemental" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/logout?current=node/14188" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log out</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-panels-mini block-jnl-ajnr-search-box block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-search-box even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-search-box">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_search_box">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch no-margin-bottom" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/36/12/2242/tab-supplemental" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-0" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords">
  <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_326959775">Search for this keyword </label>
 <input placeholder="search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_326959775" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" />
</div>
<div class="button-wrapper button-mini"><span class="icon-search"></span><input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_1029185484" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-fCuWGbqDXvQH2GkDAZdxVqRDnmBZMFWx8gS7nvSg34c" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_0" />
</div></form>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-2" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <p><a href="/search">Advanced Search</a></p>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
  
  <div id="zone-menu" class="zone zone-menu clearfix mobile-hidden container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-menu region-menu-bg-opaque region-menu-no-border" id="region-menu">
  <div class="region-inner region-menu-inner">
        <div class="block block-nice-menus block-1 block-nice-menus-1 odd block-without-title" id="block-nice-menus-1">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="nice-menu nice-menu-down nice-menu-main-menu" id="nice-menu-1" role="menu"><li class="menu-772 menu-path-front first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-773 menuparent  menu-path-content-current active-trail  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="active" data-icon-position="">Content</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-774 menu-path-content-current first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Current Issue</a></li>
<li class="menu-1747 menu-path-content-early-preprint  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/preprint" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Preprint</a></li>
<li class="menu-775 menu-path-content-early-recent  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/recent" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Ahead of Print</a></li>
<li class="menu-776 menu-path-content-by-year  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Past Issue Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-900 menu-path-cow-by-year  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/cow/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Week Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-1006 menu-path-cc-by-year  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/cc/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Classic Case Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-901 menu-path-com-by-year  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/com/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Month Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-1334 menu-path-ajnrorg-content-covid-19-content-and-resources  even last" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/content/covid-19-content-and-resources" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">COVID-19 Content and Resources</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-784 menuparent  menu-path-node-7  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About Us</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-785 menu-path-node-935 first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/About" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">About AJNR</a></li>
<li class="menu-899 menu-path-sajnrorg-page-content-ed-board  even " role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/page/content/Ed-Board" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Editorial Board</a></li>
<li class="menu-864 menu-path-asnrorg  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.asnr.org" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">American Society of Neuroradiology</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-1746 menuparent  menu-path-front  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">For Authors</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-1725 menu-path-sajnrorg-content-author-policies first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/author-policies" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Author Policies</a></li>
<li class="menu-1856 menu-path-sajnrorg-preprint-publishing  even " role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/preprint_publishing" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Preprint Publishing</a></li>
<li class="menu-1726 menu-path-sajnrorg-content-manuscript-submission-guidelines  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/manuscript-submission-guidelines" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Manuscript Submission Guidelines</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-862 menu-path-smcmanuscriptcentralcom-ajnr  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ajnr" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">Submit a Manuscript</a></li>
<li class="menu-1184 menuparent  menu-path-node-7  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Special Collections</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-1733 menu-path-ajnrorg-cc-csf-spinal-leak first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/CSF-Spinal-Leak" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)</a></li>
<li class="menu-1185 menu-path-ajnrorg-cc-most-impactful-ajnr-articles  even " role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/most-impactful-ajnr-articles" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Most Impactful AJNR Articles</a></li>
<li class="menu-1896 menu-path-ajnrorg-cc-2024-awards  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/2024-Awards" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">2024 AJNR Journal Awards</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-788 menuparent  menu-path-node-9  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/advertising" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-780 menu-path-node-960 first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribers</a></li>
<li class="menu-863 menu-path-smarketplacecopyrightcom-rs-ui-web-mp-details-journal-122810747  even " role="menuitem"><a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/details/journal/122810747" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Permissions</a></li>
<li class="menu-782 menu-path-node-937  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Ads" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Advertisers</a></li>
<li class="menu-790 menu-path-alerts  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="menu-791 menu-path-node-10  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="/feedback" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Feedback</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></nav>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-menu text-right block-menu-social-media block-menu-menu-social-media even block-without-title" id="block-menu-menu-social-media">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.twitter.com/TheAJNR" target="_blank" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="hw-icon-x-twitter"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Follow AJNR on Twitter</span></a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/AmJNeuroradiol" target="_blank" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-facebook-sign icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Visit AJNR on Facebook</span></a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/the_ajnr/?hl=en" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-instagram icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Follow AJNR on Instagram</span></a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-journal-of-neuroradiology" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-linkedin icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Join AJNR on LinkedIn</span></a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/rss" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-rss icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">RSS Feeds</span></a></li>
</ul></nav>    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  
  <div id="zone-header" class="zone zone-header clearfix container-30">
  	      <div id="messages" class="grid-28 prefix-1 suffix-1"><div role="alert" class="messages status highwire">
<div class="msg-col-left"><span class="icon icon-info-sign"></span></div><div class="msg-col-right"> <ul>
  <li>Getting new auth cookie, if you see this message a lot, tell someone!</li>
  <li>Getting new auth cookie, if you see this message a lot, tell someone!</li>
 </ul>
</div></div>
</div>
          </div>
</header>    
      <section id="section-content" class="section section-content">
    
  <div id="zone-content" class="zone zone-content clearfix container-30">    
        
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-content" id="region-content">
  <div class="region-inner region-content-inner">
    <a id="main-content"></a>
                        <div class="block block-system block-main block-system-main odd block-without-title" id="block-system-main">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panels-960-layout jcore-2col-layout" >
	  <div class="panel-row-wrapper panel-row-first clearfix">
		
		<div class="top-wrapper">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-top">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node14188" data-node-nid="14188" id="top-node-14188--22110325961" data-pisa="ajnr;36/12/2242" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4451" data-apath="/ajnr/36/12/2242.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">L.S. Hu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Z. Kelm</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">P. Korfiatis</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A.C. Dueck</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">C. Elrod</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">B.M. Ellingson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">T.J. Kaufmann</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">J.M. Eschbacher</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">J.P. Karis</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">K. Smith</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">P. Nakaji</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">D. Brinkman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">D. Pafundi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">L.C. Baxter</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">B.J. Erickson</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">December 2015,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(12) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2242-2249; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4451 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-14188--22110325961" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L.S. Hu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (L.S.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Keller Center for Imaging Innovation (L.S.H., C.E., J.P.K., L.C.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.S.%2BHu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hu%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.S.%2BHu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z. Kelm </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>the Department of Radiology (Z.K., P.K., T.J.K., B.J.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BKelm%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kelm%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BKelm%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Korfiatis </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>the Department of Radiology (Z.K., P.K., T.J.K., B.J.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BKorfiatis%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Korfiatis%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BKorfiatis%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.C. Dueck </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Biostatistics (A.C.D.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.C.%2BDueck%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dueck%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.C.%2BDueck%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Elrod </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Keller Center for Imaging Innovation (L.S.H., C.E., J.P.K., L.C.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BElrod%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Elrod%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BElrod%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B.M. Ellingson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>the Department of Radiological Sciences (B.M.E.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.M.%2BEllingson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ellingson%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.M.%2BEllingson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.J. Kaufmann </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>the Department of Radiology (Z.K., P.K., T.J.K., B.J.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.J.%2BKaufmann%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kaufmann%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.J.%2BKaufmann%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.M. Eschbacher </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Departments of Neuropathology (J.M.E.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.M.%2BEschbacher%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Eschbacher%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.M.%2BEschbacher%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.P. Karis </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Keller Center for Imaging Innovation (L.S.H., C.E., J.P.K., L.C.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Neuroradiology (J.P.K.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.P.%2BKaris%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Karis%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.P.%2BKaris%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4181-4185" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.P. Karis</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Smith </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Neurosurgery (K.S., P.N.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BSmith%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Smith%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BSmith%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Nakaji </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Neurosurgery (K.S., P.N.), Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BNakaji%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Nakaji%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BNakaji%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Brinkman </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>the Department of Radiation Oncology (D.B., D.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BBrinkman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Brinkman%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BBrinkman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Pafundi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>the Department of Radiation Oncology (D.B., D.P.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BPafundi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pafundi%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BPafundi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L.C. Baxter </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Keller Center for Imaging Innovation (L.S.H., C.E., J.P.K., L.C.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.C.%2BBaxter%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Baxter%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.C.%2BBaxter%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B.J. Erickson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>the Department of Radiology (Z.K., P.K., T.J.K., B.J.E.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.J.%2BErickson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Erickson%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.J.%2BErickson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	  
  <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix">
		
		<div class="main-content-wrapper grid-17 suffix-1 alpha">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-content">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs pane-panels-ajax-tab-tabs" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="item-list"><ul class="tabs inline panels-ajax-tab"><li class="first"><a href="/content/36/12/2242" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:14188" data-trigger="" data-url-enabled="1">Article</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_art/node:14188/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/36/12/2242/tab-figures-data" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_data" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:14188" data-trigger="tab-figures-data" data-url-enabled="1">Figures &amp; Data</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_data/node:14188/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/36/12/2242/tab-supplemental" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_supp" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:14188" data-trigger="tab-supplemental" data-url-enabled="1">Supplemental</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_supp/node:14188/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/36/12/2242/tab-references" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_refs" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:14188" data-trigger="tab-references" data-url-enabled="1">References</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_refs/node:14188/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/36/12/2242/tab-article-info" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_info" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:14188" data-trigger="tab-article-info" data-url-enabled="1">Info &amp; Metrics</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_info/node:14188/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li class="last"><a href="/content/ajnr/36/12/2242.full.pdf" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:14188" data-trigger="tab-pdf" data-url-enabled="1"><i class="icon-file-alt"></i> PDF</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf/node:14188/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li></ul></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs-container" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div data-panels-ajax-tab-preloaded="jnl_ajnr_tab_supp" id="panels-ajax-tab-container-highwire_article_tabs" class="panels-ajax-tab-container"><div class="panels-ajax-tab-loading" style ="display:none"><img class="loading" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif" alt="Loading" title="Loading" /></div><div class="panels-ajax-tab-wrap-jnl_ajnr_tab_supp"><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" >
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-data-supp" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Data supplements</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="item-list"><ul><li class="first last"><div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id="content-block" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><div class="auto-clean"><span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;  font-size: 83.33%">
         
            <h2></h2>
            <p><strong>Files in this Data Supplement:</strong></p>
            <ul><li><a href="/highwire/filestream/52686/field_highwire_adjunct_files/0/15-00242.pdf" class="rewritten" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Supplemental Online Tables</a> 
                  		
               </li></ul>
         </span>
      
   </div><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span id="related-urls"></span></div></div></li></ul></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-markup" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-node-pager" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-node-pager highwire-article-pager"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/36/12/2235" title="The Added Prognostic Value of Preoperative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Histogram Analysis in Patients with Glioblastoma: Analysis of Overall and Progression-Free Survival" rel="prev" class="pager-link-prev link-icon"><span class="icon-circle-arrow-left"></span> <span class="title">Previous</span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/36/12/2250" title="Diagnostic Accuracy of PET, SPECT, and Arterial Spin-Labeling in Differentiating Tumor Recurrence from Necrosis in Cerebral Metastasis after Stereotactic Radiosurgery" rel="next" class="pager-link-next link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Next</span> <span class="icon-circle-arrow-right"></span></a></span></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-back-to-top" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="#page" class="back-to-top" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="icon-chevron-up"></span> Back to top</a>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
		
		<div class="sidebar-right-wrapper grid-10 omega">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-sidebar-right">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-art-issue pane-style-alt-content" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">In this issue</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_art_issue">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node1677" data-node-nid="1677" id="node-1677--21067747918" data-pisa="ajnr;36/12" data-pisa-master="ajnr;36/12" data-apath="/ajnr/36/12.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-jcore-issue-widget clearfix">
    
      <div class="highwire-cite-highlight"><a href="/content/36/12"  class="highlight-image-linked"><img class="highlight-image" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/ajnr/36/12.cover-source.jpg?itok=2SCEWe8H" alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology: 36 (12)" /></a></div>
  
  <div class="highwire-cite-col">
      
      
          <a href="/content/36/12" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">American Journal of Neuroradiology</span></a>      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 36</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 12 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Dec 2015 </div></div>
      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-extras"><div class='highwire-article-citation-variant-list'><ul class="links variants-list"><li class="toc first"><a href="/content/36/12.toc" class="highwire-variant-link variant-toc " title="Table of Contents" rel="alternate" type="text/html" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Table of Contents</a></li><li class="index-by-author"><a href="/content/36/12.index-by-author" class="highwire-variant-link variant-index-by-author " title="Index by author" rel="alternate" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Index by author</a></li><li class="enclosure-complete-issue last"><a href="/content/ajnr/36/12/local/complete-issue.pdf" class="highwire-variant-link variant-enclosure" title="Complete Issue (PDF)" rel="alternative" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Complete Issue (PDF)</a></li></ul></div></div>
      </div>

</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-ad-rhs" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_ad_rhs">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane text-center" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="dfp-ad-rhs-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
<div class="slug">Advertisement</div>
<div  id="dfp-ad-rhs" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
  <script type="text/javascript">
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
      googletag.display("dfp-ad-rhs");
    });
  </script>
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-art-tools" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_art_tools" class="highwire-2col-stacked panel-display">
	  
  <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix">
		<div class="content-left-wrapper content-column">
          <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content-left">
            <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-link" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/content/ajnr/36/12/2242.full-text.print" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-print"></span> <span class="title">Print</span></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-link text-no-wrap" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/content/ajnr/36/12/2242.full-text.pdf" target="_blank" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-download-alt"></span> <span class="title">Download PDF</span></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-minipanel-dialog-link pane-jnl-ajnr-art-email" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class='minipanel-dialog-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-link'><a href="/" oncontextmenu="javascript: return false;" class="minipanel-dialog-link-trigger link-icon" title="Email this Article"><span class="icon-envelope"></span> <span class="title">Email Article</span></a></div><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-mini' style='display:none'><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_art_email">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-forward-form pane-forward" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <form action="/content/36/12/2242/tab-supplemental" method="post" id="forward-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-instructions" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
 <p>Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.</p><p>NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.</p>
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textfield form-item-email">
  <label for="edit-email">Your Email <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <input type="text" id="edit-email" name="email" value="" size="58" maxlength="256" class="form-text required" />
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textfield form-item-name">
  <label for="edit-name">Your Name <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <input type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="58" maxlength="256" class="form-text required" />
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textarea form-item-recipients">
  <label for="edit-recipients">Send To <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <div class="form-textarea-wrapper resizable"><textarea id="edit-recipients" name="recipients" cols="50" rows="5" class="form-textarea required"></textarea></div>
<div class="description">Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.</div>
</div>
<div id="edit-page" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
  <label for="edit-page">You are going to email the following </label>
 <a href="/content/36/12/2242" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma</a>
</div>
<div id="edit-subject" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
  <label for="edit-subject">Message Subject </label>
 (Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
</div>
<div id="edit-body" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
  <label for="edit-body">Message Body </label>
 (Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textarea form-item-message">
  <label for="edit-message--2">Your Personal Message </label>
 <div class="form-textarea-wrapper resizable"><textarea id="edit-message--2" name="message" cols="50" rows="10" class="form-textarea"></textarea></div>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="path" value="node/14188" />
<input type="hidden" name="path_cid" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="forward_footer" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-o-sEzgYS3DSoxhtwrSTFFxIeBk_bOnW0-zkR-MFDcvg" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="forward_form" />
<fieldset class="captcha form-wrapper"><legend><span class="fieldset-legend">CAPTCHA</span></legend><div class="fieldset-wrapper"><div class="fieldset-description">This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.</div><input type="hidden" name="captcha_sid" value="108735407" />
<input type="hidden" name="captcha_token" value="4b52866f68d592c472f559b5e5bf645b" />
<input type="hidden" name="captcha_response" value="Google no captcha" />
<div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfnJVIUAAAAAE-bUOMg0MJGki4lqSvDmhJp19fN" data-theme="light" data-type="image"></div></div></fieldset>
<div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Send Message" class="form-submit" /></div></div></form>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-minipanel-dialog-link pane-jnl-ajnr-cite-tool" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class='minipanel-dialog-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-link'><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/download" oncontextmenu="javascript: return false;" class="minipanel-dialog-link-trigger link-icon" title="Citation Tools"><span class="icon-globe"></span> <span class="title">Citation Tools</span></a></div><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-mini' style='display:none'><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_cite_tool">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-citation-export" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-citation-export">  
  <div class="highwire-citation-info">
      <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article cite-tool-node14188" data-node-nid="14188" id="citation-node-14188--21468937674" data-pisa="ajnr;36/12/2242" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4451" data-apath="/ajnr/36/12/2242.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kelm</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Korfiatis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dueck</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Elrod</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ellingson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kaufmann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Eschbacher</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Karis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nakaji</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brinkman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pafundi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Baxter</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Erickson</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Dec 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(12) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2242-2249; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4451 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
</div>  </div>
  <div class="highwire-citation-formats">
  	      <h2>Citation Manager Formats</h2>
        <div class="highwire-citation-formats-links">
      <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.spage=2242&amp;rft.epage=2249&amp;rft.atitle=Impact%20of%20Software%20Modeling%20on%20the%20Accuracy%20of%20Perfusion%20MRI%20in%20Glioma&amp;rft.volume=36&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.date=2015-12-01%2000%3A00%3A00&amp;rft.stitle&amp;rft.jtitle=American%20Journal%20of%20Neuroradiology&amp;rft.au=Hu%2C+L.S.&amp;rft.au=Kelm%2C+Z.&amp;rft.au=Korfiatis%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Dueck%2C+A.C.&amp;rft.au=Elrod%2C+C.&amp;rft.au=Ellingson%2C+B.M.&amp;rft.au=Kaufmann%2C+T.J.&amp;rft.au=Eschbacher%2C+J.M.&amp;rft.au=Karis%2C+J.P.&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Nakaji%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Brinkman%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Pafundi%2C+D.&amp;rft.au=Baxter%2C+L.C.&amp;rft.au=Erickson%2C+B.J."></span><ul class="hw-citation-links inline button button-alt button-grid clearfix"><li class="bibtext first"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/bibtext" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">BibTeX</a></li><li class="bookends"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/bookends" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Bookends</a></li><li class="easybib"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/easybib" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EasyBib</a></li><li class="endnote-tagged"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/endnote-tagged" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EndNote (tagged)</a></li><li class="endnote-8-xml"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/endnote-8-xml" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EndNote 8 (xml)</a></li><li class="medlars"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/medlars" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Medlars</a></li><li class="mendeley"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/mendeley" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Mendeley</a></li><li class="papers"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/papers" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Papers</a></li><li class="refworks-tagged"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/refworks-tagged" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">RefWorks Tagged</a></li><li class="reference-manager"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/reference-manager" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Ref Manager</a></li><li class="ris"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/ris" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">RIS</a></li><li class="zotero last"><a href="/highwire/citation/14188/zotero" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Zotero</a></li></ul>    </div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
          </div>
        </div>
        
        <div class="content-right-wrapper content-column">
          <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content-right">
            <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-share-link highwire_clipboard_link_ajax"  id="shareit">
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-share-alt"></span> <span class="title">Share</span></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-share highwire_clipboard_form_ajax_shareit" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_share">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation large-margin-bottom" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node14188--3" data-node-nid="14188" id="share-node-14188--4898923112" data-pisa="ajnr;36/12/2242" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4451" data-apath="/ajnr/36/12/2242.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Impact of Software Modeling on the Accuracy of Perfusion MRI in Glioma</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kelm</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Korfiatis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dueck</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Elrod</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ellingson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kaufmann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Eschbacher</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Karis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Smith</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nakaji</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brinkman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pafundi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Baxter</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Erickson</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Dec 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(12) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2242-2249; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4451 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-clipboard-copy large-margin-bottom" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class = "clipboard-copy">
  <span class="label-url">
    <label for="dynamic">Share This Article:</label>
  </span>
  <span class="input-text-url">
    <input type="text" id="dynamic" value="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242" size="50"/>
  </span>
  <span class="copy-button button">
    <button id="copy-dynamic" class="clipboardjs-button" data-clipboard-target="#dynamic" data-clipboard-alert-style="tooltip" data-clipboard-alert-text="Copied!">Copy</button>
  </span>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-service-links" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="service-links"><a href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242&amp;title=Impact%20of%20Software%20Modeling%20on%20the%20Accuracy%20of%20Perfusion%20MRI%20in%20Glioma" id="delicious" title="Bookmark this post on del.icio.us" class="service-links-delicious" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/delicious-32.png" alt="del.icio.us logo" /></a> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242&amp;text=Impact%20of%20Software%20Modeling%20on%20the%20Accuracy%20of%20Perfusion%20MRI%20in%20Glioma" id="twitter" title="Share this on Twitter" class="service-links-twitter" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/twitter.png" alt="Twitter logo" /></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242&amp;t=Impact%20of%20Software%20Modeling%20on%20the%20Accuracy%20of%20Perfusion%20MRI%20in%20Glioma" id="facebook" title="Share on Facebook" class="service-links-facebook" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/fb-blue.png" alt="Facebook logo" /></a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242&amp;title=Impact%20of%20Software%20Modeling%20on%20the%20Accuracy%20of%20Perfusion%20MRI%20in%20Glioma" id="mendeley" title="Share on Mendeley" class="service-links-mendeley" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/mendeley.png" alt="Mendeley logo" /></a></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-service-links" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="service-links"><div class="item-list"><ul><li class="first"><a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242&amp;count=horizontal&amp;via=&amp;text=Impact%20of%20Software%20Modeling%20on%20the%20Accuracy%20of%20Perfusion%20MRI%20in%20Glioma&amp;counturl=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" id="twitter_widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Tweet Widget</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242&amp;layout=button_count&amp;show_faces=false&amp;action=like&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;width=100&amp;height=21&amp;font=&amp;locale=" id="facebook_like" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Facebook Like</span></a></li><li class="last"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/12/2242" id="google_plus_one" title="Plus it" class="service-links-google-plus-one" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Google Plus One</span></a></li></ul></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
          </div>
        </div>
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	
	</div>

  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-jnl-ajnr-rental" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <span class="js-deepdyve-link">
            <a class="button btn btn-primary btn-sm" role="button"  href="https://www.deepdyve.com/doc-view?docId=10.3174/ajnr.A4451&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=asnr"><i class="icon-usd"> </i> Purchase</a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-nav mobile-hidden pane-style-alt-content" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Jump to section</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-list-wrapper highwire-article-nav highwire-nav-float"><div class="highwire-list"><ul data-highwire-float="1" data-highwire-float-class="grid-10 alpha omega"><li class="parent first odd"><a href="/content/36/12/2242" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Article</a><div class="highwire-list"><ul><li class="first odd"><a href="#abstract-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink first" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Abstract</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#glossary-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ABBREVIATIONS:</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#sec-5" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Materials and Methods</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#sec-13" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Results</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#sec-18" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Discussion</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#sec-19" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Conclusions</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#fn-group-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Footnotes</a></li><li class="last even"><a href="#ref-list-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink last" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">REFERENCES</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/36/12/2242/tab-figures-data" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_data" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Figures &amp; Data</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/36/12/2242/tab-supplemental" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_supp" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Supplemental</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/36/12/2242/tab-references" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_refs" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">References</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/36/12/2242/tab-article-info" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_info" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Info &amp; Metrics</a></li><li class="last even"><a href="/content/36/12/2242.full.pdf" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><i class="icon-file-alt"></i> PDF</a></li></ul></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-accordion" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_accordion">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div id="highwire_article_accordion_container"><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> Related Articles</h3><div><div class='highwire-list-footer'><div class="highwire-related-articles-footer"><ul class="links inline"><li class="related-pubmed first"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?link_type=MED_NBRS&amp;access_num=26359151" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">PubMed</a></li><li class="related-google-scholar last"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=related&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.S.%2BHu&amp;author%5B1%5D=Z.%2BKelm&amp;author%5B2%5D=P.%2BKorfiatis&amp;author%5B3%5D=A.C.%2BDueck&amp;author%5B4%5D=C.%2BElrod&amp;author%5B5%5D=B.M.%2BEllingson&amp;author%5B6%5D=T.J.%2BKaufmann&amp;author%5B7%5D=J.M.%2BEschbacher&amp;author%5B8%5D=J.P.%2BKaris&amp;author%5B9%5D=K.%2BSmith&amp;author%5B10%5D=P.%2BNakaji&amp;author%5B11%5D=D.%2BBrinkman&amp;author%5B12%5D=D.%2BPafundi&amp;author%5B13%5D=L.C.%2BBaxter&amp;author%5B14%5D=B.J.%2BErickson&amp;title=Impact%2Bof%2BSoftware%2BModeling%2Bon%2Bthe%2BAccuracy%2Bof%2BPerfusion%2BMRI%2Bin%2BGlioma&amp;publication_year=2015&amp;path=content/36/12/2242" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Google Scholar</a></li></ul></div></div></div><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> Cited By...</h3><div><div class="highwire-list highwire-cited-by"><ul><li class="first odd"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/45/4/453" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Arterial Spin-Labeling and DSC Perfusion Metrics Improve Agreement in Neuroradiologists Clinical Interpretations of Posttreatment High-Grade Glioma Surveillance MR Imaging--An Institutional Experience</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="even"><a href="http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/full/2020.05.22.20110288v1" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Uncertainty Quantification in Radiogenomics: EGFR Amplification in Glioblastoma</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="odd"><a href="http://medrxiv.org/cgi/content/full/19007898v1" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Machine learning assisted DSC-MRI radiomics as a tool for glioma classification by grade and mutation status</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="even"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/abstract/ajnr.A6486v1" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Performance of Standardized Relative CBV for Quantifying Regional Histologic Tumor Burden in Recurrent High-Grade Glioma: Comparison against Normalized Relative CBV Using Image-Localized Stereotactic Biopsies</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="odd"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/40/10/1649" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Perfusion MRI-Based Fractional Tumor Burden Differentiates between Tumor and Treatment Effect in Recurrent Glioblastomas and Informs Clinical Decision-Making</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="even"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/40/3/418" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Accurate Patient-Specific Machine Learning Models of Glioblastoma Invasion Using Transfer Learning</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="odd"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/39/6/1008" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Multisite Concordance of DSC-MRI Analysis for Brain Tumors: Results of a National Cancer Institute Quantitative Imaging Network Collaborative Project</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="last even"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/38/7/1348" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Discrimination between Glioma Grades II and III Using Dynamic Susceptibility Perfusion MRI: A Meta-Analysis</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li></ul></div><div class='highwire-list-footer'><ul class="links inline"><li class="citing-cross-ref first"><a href="/crossref-forward-links/ajnr/36/12/2242#crossref" class="hw-crossref hw-crossref-link-ajax" data-list-wrapper="hw-crossref-list-wrapper" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Crossref</a></li><li class="citing-google-scholar last"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=citedby&amp;path=content/36/12/2242" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Google Scholar</a></li></ul></div><div title="Crossref Cited-by Linking Search Results" style="display:none;" class="hw-crossref-list-wrapper"><p class = "hw-crossref-message">This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.</p></div></div><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> More in this TOC Section</h3><div><div class="highwire-list highwire-article-citation-list"><ul><li class="first odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node105026" data-node-nid="105026" id="node-105026--2974153972" data-pisa="ajnr;44/12/1358" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7974" data-apath="/ajnr/44/12/1358.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard-title-only clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <a href="/content/44/12/1358" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Monoclonal Antibodies: What the Diagnostic Neuroradiologist Needs to Know</span></a>  
  
  
  
  
</div>
</div></li><li class="even"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node104244" data-node-nid="104244" id="node-104244--21035147456" data-pisa="ajnr;44/10/1135" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7998" data-apath="/ajnr/44/10/1135.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard-title-only clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <a href="/content/44/10/1135" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Segmentation of Brain Metastases Using Background Layer Statistics (BLAST)</span></a>  
  
  
  
  
</div>
</div></li><li class="last odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node104246" data-node-nid="104246" id="node-104246--21893332665" data-pisa="ajnr;44/10/1157" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A8001" data-apath="/ajnr/44/10/1157.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard-title-only clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <a href="/content/44/10/1157" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Progressive Changes in Cerebral Apparent Diffusion Values in Fabry Disease: A 5-Year Follow-up MRI Study</span></a>  
  
  
  
  
</div>
</div></li></ul></div><div class='highwire-list-footer'><a href="/content/by/section/ADULT%20BRAIN" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Show more <span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></a></div></div><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> Similar Articles</h3><div><div class="highwire-search-similar-ajax-wrapper" id="highwire-search-similar-articles-list-1"><div class="highwire-ajax-loading"><span class="icon-spinner icon-spin icon-2x"></span></div></div></div></div></div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	
	</div>

    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-panels-mini more-padding-top mobile-hiddens block-jnl-ajnr-ad-bot-leaderboard block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-bot-leaderboard even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-bot-leaderboard">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_ad_bot_leaderboard">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane text-center" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
<div class="slug">Advertisement</div>
<div  id="dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
  <script type="text/javascript">
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
      googletag.display("dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard");
    });
  </script>
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>      </div>
</div>  </div>
</section>    
  
      <footer id="section-footer" class="section section-footer">
    
  <div id="zone-postscript" class="zone zone-postscript clearfix container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-postscript-fourth" id="region-postscript-fourth">
  <div class="region-inner region-postscript-fourth-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini block-jnl-ajnr-footer block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-footer odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-footer">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panels-960-row jcore-row-4col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_footer">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-1 grid-7 alpha">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-navigate pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">News and Updates</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/cc/2024-Awards" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">2024 Journal Award Winners</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Reviewer-Recognition" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Thanks to our 2023 Distinguished Reviewers</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-2 grid-7">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-more-information pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Resources</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/EBM" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/browse-podcast-archives" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">AJNR Podcast Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/institutional-subscriptions" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Librarian Resources</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/page/content/Terms-and-Conditions" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Terms and Conditions</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-3 grid-7">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-add-journals pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Opportunities</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Publons" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Get Peer Review Credit from Publons</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-4 grid-7 omega">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-other-services pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">American Society of Neuroradiology</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.neurographics.org/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Neurographics</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.asnr.org/index.php/education/fellowship-portal/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Fellowship Portal</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.asnr.org/membership-types/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Not an ASNR Member? Join Now</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
  
  <div id="zone-footer" class="zone zone-footer clearfix container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-footer-first" id="region-footer-first">
  <div class="region-inner region-footer-first-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini block-jnl-ajnr-foot-info block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-foot-info odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-foot-info">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_foot_info">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-page-logo-footer" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <img class="footer-logo" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/ajnr-logo.png" alt="" />  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet pane-footer-copyright-text" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="snippet footer-copyright-text" id="footer-copyright-text">
  
      
  <div class="snippet-content">
    <p>&copy; 2025 by the <a href="http://www.asnr.org">American Society of Neuroradiology</a> All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.<br />
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X</p>
  </div>

</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-branding" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="http://home.highwire.org" target="_blank" class="highwire-branding-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img class="logo-highwire" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/plugins/content_types/images/logo_small_hw_white.png" width="190" height="31" alt="Powered by HighWire" /></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</footer>  </div>    <div class="region region-page-bottom" id="region-page-bottom">
  <div class="region-inner region-page-bottom-inner">
      </div>
</div><script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__bnwyEQSuZLC-kZnFqCi5iE02nOCzM7DjY7zYxcN9nsQ__VBiBT_qq_eHMMO2Q1rXK1u-hHff31XLUkmi9dgjuPeY__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__GM3GJPR36rRIz0TRkjC5OQwrioSyN9aoYRivDhCO_AM__qAl84FcCv2jyN22yFGS5Oc85cjd9zKX6p_cFNLGhe-M__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js" async="async"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__5rwSVo72nmOtN2hW3o9YjBGMCXDieCuEPKlUmKL08dg__ZugCEUX_LdPnu34Sm-TuHiBlSJVE36DwquW02RzlluM__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
function euCookieComplianceLoadScripts() {}
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var eu_cookie_compliance_cookie_name = "";
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__WcTpt-w0y1FyXrxZNriX8Ts1KjsFTDpdvZaw9yhRn24__aFJpdvsZPb1v9rWrq-WXbz_WQ9IThQN-mFTCdm1cfXc__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>