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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Traumatic Brain Injury Imaging Research Roadmap" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4254" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2015-03-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="SUMMARY: The past decade has seen impressive advances in the types of neuroimaging information that can be acquired in patients with traumatic brain injury. However, despite this increase in information, understanding of the contribution of this information to prognostic accuracy and treatment pathways for patients is limited. Available techniques often allow us to infer the presence of microscopic changes indicative of alterations in physiology and function in brain tissue. However, because histologic confirmation is typically lacking, conclusions reached by using these techniques remain solely inferential in almost all cases. Hence, a need exists for validation of these techniques by using data from large population samples that are obtained in a uniform manner, analyzed according to well-accepted procedures, and correlated with closely monitored clinical outcomes. At present, many of these approaches remain confined to population-based research rather than diagnosis at an individual level, particularly with regard to traumatic brain injury that is mild or moderate in degree. A need and a priority exist for patient-centered tools that will allow advanced neuroimaging tools to be brought into clinical settings. One barrier to developing these tools is a lack of an age-, sex-, and comorbidities-stratified, sequence-specific, reference imaging data base that could provide a clear understanding of normal variations across populations. Such a data base would provide researchers and clinicians with the information necessary to develop computational tools for the patient-based interpretation of advanced neuroimaging studies in the clinical setting.

The recent “Joint ASNR-ACR HII-ASFNR TBI Workshop: Bringing Advanced Neuroimaging for Traumatic Brain Injury into the Clinic” on May 23, 2014, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, brought together neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, neuroimaging scientists, members of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, industry representatives, and other traumatic brain injury stakeholders to attempt to reach consensus on issues related to and develop consensus recommendations in terms of creating both a well-characterized normative data base of comprehensive imaging and ancillary data to serve as a reference for tools that will allow interpretation of advanced neuroimaging tests at an individual level of a patient with traumatic brain injury. The workshop involved discussions concerning the following: 1) designation of the policies and infrastructure needed for a normative data base, 2) principles for characterizing normal control subjects, and 3) standardizing research neuroimaging protocols for traumatic brain injury. The present article summarizes these recommendations and examines practical steps to achieve them.

ABIDE
:   Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange
ACR
:   American College of Radiology
ADNI
:   Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
AFSNR
:   American Society of Functional Neuroradiology
ASNR
:   American Society of Neuroradiology
CDE
:   Common Data Element
DART
:   Data Archive and Research Toolkit
DKI
:   diffusional kurtosis imaging
FITBIR
:   Federal Interagency TBI Research
LONI
:   Laboratory of Neuroimaging
LORIS
:   Longitudinal On-line Research and Imaging System
NIH
:   National Institutes of Health
NITRC
:   Neuroinformatics Tools and Resources
TBI
:   traumatic brain injury
TRIAD
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Wintermark" />
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y.W. Lui" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Law" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Mukherjee" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Norbash" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Riedy" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P.C. Sanelli" />
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<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.A. Wilde" />
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<meta name="article:published_time" content="2015-03-01" />
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<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;SUMMARY:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The past decade has seen impressive advances in the types of neuroimaging information that can be acquired in patients with traumatic brain injury. However, despite this increase in information, understanding of the contribution of this information to prognostic accuracy and treatment pathways for patients is limited. Available techniques often allow us to infer the presence of microscopic changes indicative of alterations in physiology and function in brain tissue. However, because histologic confirmation is typically lacking, conclusions reached by using these techniques remain solely inferential in almost all cases. Hence, a need exists for validation of these techniques by using data from large population samples that are obtained in a uniform manner, analyzed according to well-accepted procedures, and correlated with closely monitored clinical outcomes. At present, many of these approaches remain confined to population-based research rather than diagnosis at an individual level, particularly with regard to traumatic brain injury that is mild or moderate in degree. A need and a priority exist for patient-centered tools that will allow advanced neuroimaging tools to be brought into clinical settings. One barrier to developing these tools is a lack of an age-, sex-, and comorbidities-stratified, sequence-specific, reference imaging data base that could provide a clear understanding of normal variations across populations. Such a data base would provide researchers and clinicians with the information necessary to develop computational tools for the patient-based interpretation of advanced neuroimaging studies in the clinical setting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The recent “Joint ASNR-ACR HII-ASFNR TBI Workshop: Bringing Advanced Neuroimaging for Traumatic Brain Injury into the Clinic” on May 23, 2014, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, brought together neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, neuroimaging scientists, members of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, industry representatives, and other traumatic brain injury stakeholders to attempt to reach consensus on issues related to and develop consensus recommendations in terms of creating both a well-characterized normative data base of comprehensive imaging and ancillary data to serve as a reference for tools that will allow interpretation of advanced neuroimaging tests at an individual level of a patient with traumatic brain injury. The workshop involved discussions concerning the following: 1) designation of the policies and infrastructure needed for a normative data base, 2) principles for characterizing normal control subjects, and 3) standardizing research neuroimaging protocols for traumatic brain injury. The present article summarizes these recommendations and examines practical steps to achieve them.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Traumatic Brain Injury Imaging Research Roadmap" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="SUMMARY: The past decade has seen impressive advances in the types of neuroimaging information that can be acquired in patients with traumatic brain injury. However, despite this increase in information, understanding of the contribution of this information to prognostic accuracy and treatment pathways for patients is limited. Available techniques often allow us to infer the presence of microscopic changes indicative of alterations in physiology and function in brain tissue. However, because histologic confirmation is typically lacking, conclusions reached by using these techniques remain solely inferential in almost all cases. Hence, a need exists for validation of these techniques by using data from large population samples that are obtained in a uniform manner, analyzed according to well-accepted procedures, and correlated with closely monitored clinical outcomes. At present, many of these approaches remain confined to population-based research rather than diagnosis at an individual level, particularly with regard to traumatic brain injury that is mild or moderate in degree. A need and a priority exist for patient-centered tools that will allow advanced neuroimaging tools to be brought into clinical settings. One barrier to developing these tools is a lack of an age-, sex-, and comorbidities-stratified, sequence-specific, reference imaging data base that could provide a clear understanding of normal variations across populations. Such a data base would provide researchers and clinicians with the information necessary to develop computational tools for the patient-based interpretation of advanced neuroimaging studies in the clinical setting.

The recent “Joint ASNR-ACR HII-ASFNR TBI Workshop: Bringing Advanced Neuroimaging for Traumatic Brain Injury into the Clinic” on May 23, 2014, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, brought together neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, neuroimaging scientists, members of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, industry representatives, and other traumatic brain injury stakeholders to attempt to reach consensus on issues related to and develop consensus recommendations in terms of creating both a well-characterized normative data base of comprehensive imaging and ancillary data to serve as a reference for tools that will allow interpretation of advanced neuroimaging tests at an individual level of a patient with traumatic brain injury. The workshop involved discussions concerning the following: 1) designation of the policies and infrastructure needed for a normative data base, 2) principles for characterizing normal control subjects, and 3) standardizing research neuroimaging protocols for traumatic brain injury. The present article summarizes these recommendations and examines practical steps to achieve them.

ABIDE
:   Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange
ACR
:   American College of Radiology
ADNI
:   Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
AFSNR
:   American Society of Functional Neuroradiology
ASNR
:   American Society of Neuroradiology
CDE
:   Common Data Element
DART
:   Data Archive and Research Toolkit
DKI
:   diffusional kurtosis imaging
FITBIR
:   Federal Interagency TBI Research
LONI
:   Laboratory of Neuroimaging
LORIS
:   Longitudinal On-line Research and Imaging System
NIH
:   National Institutes of Health
NITRC
:   Neuroinformatics Tools and Resources
TBI
:   traumatic brain injury
TRIAD
:   Translational Research Informatics and Data Management Grid" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Traumatic Brain Injury Imaging Research Roadmap" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="SUMMARY: The past decade has seen impressive advances in the types of neuroimaging information that can be acquired in patients with traumatic brain injury. However, despite this increase in information, understanding of the contribution of this information to prognostic accuracy and treatment pathways for patients is limited. Available techniques often allow us to infer the presence of microscopic changes indicative of alterations in physiology and function in brain tissue. However, because histologic confirmation is typically lacking, conclusions reached by using these techniques remain solely inferential in almost all cases. Hence, a need exists for validation of these techniques by using data from large population samples that are obtained in a uniform manner, analyzed according to well-accepted procedures, and correlated with closely monitored clinical outcomes. At present, many of these approaches remain confined to population-based research rather than diagnosis at an individual level, particularly with regard to traumatic brain injury that is mild or moderate in degree. A need and a priority exist for patient-centered tools that will allow advanced neuroimaging tools to be brought into clinical settings. One barrier to developing these tools is a lack of an age-, sex-, and comorbidities-stratified, sequence-specific, reference imaging data base that could provide a clear understanding of normal variations across populations. Such a data base would provide researchers and clinicians with the information necessary to develop computational tools for the patient-based interpretation of advanced neuroimaging studies in the clinical setting.

The recent “Joint ASNR-ACR HII-ASFNR TBI Workshop: Bringing Advanced Neuroimaging for Traumatic Brain Injury into the Clinic” on May 23, 2014, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, brought together neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, neuropsychologists, neuroimaging scientists, members of the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, industry representatives, and other traumatic brain injury stakeholders to attempt to reach consensus on issues related to and develop consensus recommendations in terms of creating both a well-characterized normative data base of comprehensive imaging and ancillary data to serve as a reference for tools that will allow interpretation of advanced neuroimaging tests at an individual level of a patient with traumatic brain injury. The workshop involved discussions concerning the following: 1) designation of the policies and infrastructure needed for a normative data base, 2) principles for characterizing normal control subjects, and 3) standardizing research neuroimaging protocols for traumatic brain injury. The present article summarizes these recommendations and examines practical steps to achieve them.

ABIDE
:   Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange
ACR
:   American College of Radiology
ADNI
:   Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
AFSNR
:   American Society of Functional Neuroradiology
ASNR
:   American Society of Neuroradiology
CDE
:   Common Data Element
DART
:   Data Archive and Research Toolkit
DKI
:   diffusional kurtosis imaging
FITBIR
:   Federal Interagency TBI Research
LONI
:   Laboratory of Neuroimaging
LORIS
:   Longitudinal On-line Research and Imaging System
NIH
:   National Institutes of Health
NITRC
:   Neuroinformatics Tools and Resources
TBI
:   traumatic brain injury
TRIAD
:   Translational Research Informatics and Data Management Grid" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node14008--7" data-node-nid="14008" id="top-node-14008--82060829075" data-pisa="ajnr;36/3/E12" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4254" data-apath="/ajnr/36/3/E12.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Research Perspectives</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Traumatic Brain Injury Imaging Research Roadmap</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M. Wintermark</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">L. Coombs</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">T.J. Druzgal</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A.S. Field</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">C.G. Filippi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">R. Hicks</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">R. Horton</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Y.W. Lui</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">M. Law</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">P. Mukherjee</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">A. Norbash</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">G. Riedy</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">P.C. Sanelli</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">J.R. Stone</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">G. Sze</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15">M. Tilkin</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16">C.T. Whitlow</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17">E.A. Wilde</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18">G. York</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19">J.M. Provenzale</span> <span  class="highwire-citation-author last"><span class="nlm-on-behalf-of">on behalf of the American College of Radiology Head Injury Institute</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">March 2015,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">E12-E23; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4254 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-14008--82060829075" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Wintermark </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neuroradiology Division (M.W.), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BWintermark%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wintermark%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BWintermark%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Coombs </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>American College of Radiology (L.C., M.T., R. Horton), Reston, Virginia</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BCoombs%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Coombs%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BCoombs%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.J. Druzgal </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Radiology (T.J.D., J.R.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.J.%2BDruzgal%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Druzgal%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.J.%2BDruzgal%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.S. Field </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Neuroradiology Section (A.S.F.), Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.S.%2BField%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Field%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.S.%2BField%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.G. Filippi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Columbia University, New York, New York</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Department of Radiology (C.G.F., P.C.S.), North Shore–Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.G.%2BFilippi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Filippi%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.G.%2BFilippi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Hicks </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>One Mind (R. Hicks), Seattle, Washington</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BHicks%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hicks%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BHicks%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Horton </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>American College of Radiology (L.C., M.T., R. 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Lui </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>i</span>Neuroradiology Division (Y.W.L.), Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.W.%2BLui%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lui%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.W.%2BLui%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Law </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>j</span>Neuroradiology Section (M.L.), Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BLaw%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Law%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BLaw%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. 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Norbash </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>l</span>Department of Radiology (A.N.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BNorbash%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Norbash%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BNorbash%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G. Riedy </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>m</span>National Intrepid Center of Excellence (G.R.), Washington, DC</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BRiedy%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Riedy%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BRiedy%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P.C. Sanelli </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Department of Radiology (C.G.F., P.C.S.), North Shore–Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.C.%2BSanelli%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sanelli%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link last"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.C.%2BSanelli%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.R. 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Tilkin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>American College of Radiology (L.C., M.T., R. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="contributors"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1"><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1"><span class="name">M. Wintermark</span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-2"><span class="name">L. Coombs</span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-3"><span class="name">T.J. Druzgal</span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-4"><span class="name">A.S. Field</span><a id="xref-aff-5-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-5"><span class="name">C.G. Filippi</span><a id="xref-aff-6-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-7-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-7">g</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-6"><span class="name">R. Hicks</span><a id="xref-aff-8-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-8">h</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-7"><span class="name">R. Horton</span><a id="xref-aff-2-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-8"><span class="name">Y.W. Lui</span><a id="xref-aff-9-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-9">i</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-9"><span class="name">M. Law</span><a id="xref-aff-10-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-10">j</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-10"><span class="name">P. Mukherjee</span><a id="xref-aff-11-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-11">k</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-11"><span class="name">A. Norbash</span><a id="xref-aff-12-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-12">l</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-12"><span class="name">G. Riedy</span><a id="xref-aff-13-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-13">m</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-13"><span class="name">P.C. Sanelli</span><a id="xref-aff-7-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-7">g</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-14"><span class="name">J.R. Stone</span><a id="xref-aff-3-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-4-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-4">d</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-15"><span class="name">G. Sze</span><a id="xref-aff-14-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-14">n</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-16"><span class="name">M. Tilkin</span><a id="xref-aff-2-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-17"><span class="name">C.T. Whitlow</span><a id="xref-aff-15-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-15">o</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-18"><span class="name">E.A. Wilde</span><a id="xref-aff-16-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-16">p</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-19"><span class="name">G. York</span><a id="xref-aff-17-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-17">q</a> and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-20"><span class="name">J.M. Provenzale</span><a id="xref-aff-18-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-18">r</a> </li><li class="on-behalf-of">on behalf of the American College of Radiology Head Injury Institute</li></ol><ol class="affiliation-list"><li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address><sup>a</sup>From the Neuroradiology Division (M.W.), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address><sup>b</sup>American College of Radiology (L.C., M.T., R. Horton), Reston, Virginia</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address><sup>c</sup>Departments of Radiology (T.J.D., J.R.S.)</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a><address><sup>d</sup>Medical Imaging and Neurological Surgery (J.R.S.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-5" name="aff-5"></a><address><sup>e</sup>Neuroradiology Section (A.S.F.), Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-6" name="aff-6"></a><address><sup>f</sup>Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Columbia University, New York, New York</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-7" name="aff-7"></a><address><sup>g</sup>Department of Radiology (C.G.F., P.C.S.), North Shore–Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-8" name="aff-8"></a><address><sup>h</sup>One Mind (R. Hicks), Seattle, Washington</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-9" name="aff-9"></a><address><sup>i</sup>Neuroradiology Division (Y.W.L.), Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-10" name="aff-10"></a><address><sup>j</sup>Neuroradiology Section (M.L.), Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-11" name="aff-11"></a><address><sup>k</sup>Neuroradiology Section (P.M.), Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-12" name="aff-12"></a><address><sup>l</sup>Department of Radiology (A.N.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-13" name="aff-13"></a><address><sup>m</sup>National Intrepid Center of Excellence (G.R.), Washington, DC</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-14" name="aff-14"></a><address><sup>n</sup>Neuroradiology Section (G.S.), Department of Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-15" name="aff-15"></a><address><sup>o</sup>Department of Radiology–Neuroradiology and Translational Science Institute (C.T.W.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-16" name="aff-16"></a><address><sup>p</sup>Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurology, and Radiology (E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-17" name="aff-17"></a><address><sup>q</sup>San Antonio Military Medical Center (G.Y.), San Antonio, Texas</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-18" name="aff-18"></a><address><sup>r</sup>Department of Radiology (J.M.P.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.</address></li></ol><ol class="corresp-list"><li class="corresp" id="corresp-1">Please address correspondence to Max Wintermark, MD, MAS, <span class="addr-line">Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, Room S047, Stanford, CA 94305-5105</span>; e-mail: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr">Max.Wintermark{at}gmail.com</span></span></li></ol></div></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/36/3/E12.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wintermark</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Coombs</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Druzgal</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Field</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Filippi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hicks</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Horton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lui</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Law</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mukherjee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Norbash</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Riedy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sanelli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stone</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sze</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tilkin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Whitlow</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wilde</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">York</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Provenzale</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">E12-E23; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4254 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wintermark</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Coombs</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Druzgal</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Field</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Filippi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hicks</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Horton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lui</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Law</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mukherjee</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Norbash</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Riedy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sanelli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Stone</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sze</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tilkin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Whitlow</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wilde</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="18"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">York</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="19"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Provenzale</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 2015, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">36 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">E12-E23; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4254 </span></div>
  
  
  
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