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    Table of Contents — November 01, 2016, 37 (11) | American Journal of Neuroradiology  
    
















    





















    
  
  




    
    

  

      


    

      

  
  
  

    

  

    

  

                
    

      

  

    

  
      
  
  

    


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Table of Contents
  	
      
November 01, 2016; Volume 37,Issue 11 

  
  
   

  
  



  


  
  



			

		

	
	
 	
	  
  

		
		

			

			  

  
      
  
  

    
Perspectives
  • 
  
  
  
      
    
  
      Perspectives  
    	
    Jeffrey S. Ross
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 1965; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.P0028 
    
  
  
  

    

Review Article
Health Care Reform Vignette
Practice Perspectives
General Contents
  • 
  
  
      
    ADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Bidirectional Changes in Anisotropy Are Associated with Outcomes in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury  
    	
    S.B. Strauss, N. Kim, C.A. Branch, M.E. Kahn, M. Kim, R.B. Lipton, J.M. Provataris, H.F. Scholl, M.E. Zimmerman and M.L. Lipton
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 1983-1991; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4851 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    ADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    
  
      Image Quality Required for the Diagnosis of Skull Fractures Using Head CT: A Comparison of Conventional and Improved Reconstruction Kernels  
    	
    S. Takagi, M. Koyama, K. Hayashi and T. Kawauchi
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 1992-1995; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4861 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    ADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    
  
      Optimized, Minimal Specific Absorption Rate MRI for High-Resolution Imaging in Patients with Implanted Deep Brain Stimulation Electrodes  
    	
    A.M. Franceschi, G.C. Wiggins, A.Y. Mogilner, T. Shepherd, S. Chung and Y.W. Lui
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 1996-2000; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4865 
    
  
  
  

    

  • Commentary
  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    
  
      Early Biomarkers from Conventional and Delayed-Contrast MRI to Predict the Response to Bevacizumab in Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas  
    	
    D. Daniels, D. Guez, D. Last, C. Hoffmann, D. Nass, A. Talianski, G. Tsarfaty, S. Salomon, A.A. Kanner, D.T. Blumenthal, F. Bokstein, S. Harnof, D. Yekutieli, S. Zamir, Z.R. Cohen, L. Zach and Y. Mardor
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2003-2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4866 
    
  
    	
    Twenty-four patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas were scanned before and during bevacizumab treatment with standard and delayed-contrast MRI. The mean change in lesion volumes of responders (overall survival, >1 year) and nonresponders (overall survival, <1 year) was evaluated. Treatment-response-assessment maps (TRAMs) were calculated by subtracting conventional T1WI (acquired a few minutes postcontrast) from delayed T1WI (acquired with a delay of >1 hour postcontrast). These maps depict the spatial distribution of contrast accumulation and clearance. At progression, the increase in lesion volumes in delayed-contrast MR imaging was 37.5% higher than the increase in conventional T1WI. The authors conclude that the benefit of standard and delayed-contrast MRI for assessing and predicting the response to bevacizumab was demonstrated and that the increased sensitivity of delayed-contrast MRI reflects its potential contribution to the management of bevacizumab-treated patients with recurrent HGG.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    ADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Predicting and Monitoring Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Treatment Response  
    	
    W.-Y. Huang, J.-B. Wen, G. Wu, B. Yin, J.-J. Li and D.-Y. Geng
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2010-2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4867 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    ADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      A Simple Automated Method for Detecting Recurrence in High-Grade Glioma  
    	
    T.K. Yanagihara, J. Grinband, J. Rowley, K.A. Cauley, A. Lee, M. Garrett, M. Afghan, A. Chu and T.J.C. Wang
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2019-2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4873 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    ADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    
  
      Diagnostic Performance of Routine Brain MRI Sequences for Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis  
    	
    D. Patel, M. Machnowska, S. Symons, R. Yeung, A.J. Fox, R.I. Aviv and P. Jabehdar Maralani
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2026-2032; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4843 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    ADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    
  
      Three-Territory DWI Acute Infarcts: Diagnostic Value in Cancer-Associated Hypercoagulation Stroke (Trousseau Syndrome)  
    	
    P.F. Finelli and A. Nouh
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2033-2036; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4846 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    
  
      Comparison of CTA- and DSA-Based Collateral Flow Assessment in Patients with Anterior Circulation Stroke  
    	
    I.G.H. Jansen, O.A. Berkhemer, A.J. Yoo, J.A. Vos, G.J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, M.E.S. Sprengers, W.H. van Zwam, W.J. Schonewille, J. Boiten, M.A.A. van Walderveen, R.J. van Oostenbrugge, A. van der Lugt, H.A. Marquering and C.B.L.M. Majoie on behalf of the MR CLEAN investigators (www.mrclean-trial.org)
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2037-2042; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4878 
    
  
    	
    The authors set out to determine the agreement between collateral flow assessment on CTA and DSA and their respective associations with clinical outcome. They used patient data that was randomized in MR CLEAN with middle cerebral artery occlusion and both baseline CTA images and complete DSA runs. Collateral flow on CTA and DSA was graded 0 (absent) to 3 (good).Of 45 patients with evaluable imaging data, collateral flow was graded on CTA as 0, 1, 2, 3 for 3, 10, 20, and 12 patients, respectively, and on DSA for 12, 17, 10, and 6 patients, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for favorable outcome on mRS was 2.27 and 1.29 for CTA and DSA, respectively. The relationship between the dichotomized collateral score and mRS 0–2 was significant for CTA, but not for DSA. They conclude that the commonly applied collateral flow assessment on CTA and DSA showed large differences and that these techniques are not interchangeable. CTA was significantly associated with mRS at 90 days, whereas DSA was not.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    ADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    
  
      A Semiautomatic Method for Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation on Dual-Echo MR Imaging: Application in a Multicenter Context  
    	
    L. Storelli, E. Pagani, M.A. Rocca, M.A. Horsfield, A. Gallo, A. Bisecco, M. Battaglini, N. De Stefano, H. Vrenken, D.L. Thomas, L. Mancini, S. Ropele, C. Enzinger, P. Preziosa and M. Filippi
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2043-2049; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4874 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    ADULT BRAIN 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Ataxia Severity Correlates with White Matter Degeneration in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7  
    	
    C.R. Hernandez-Castillo, I. Vaca-Palomares, F. Barrios, L. Martinez, M.-C. Boll and J. Fernandez-Ruiz
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2050-2054; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4903 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    INTERVENTIONAL 
    
  
      
    
  
      Geographic Differences in Endovascular Treatment and Retreatment of Cerebral Aneurysms  
    	
    A.S. Turk, S.C. Johnston, S. Hetts, J. Mocco, J. English, Y. Murayama, C.J. Prestigiacomo, D. Lopes, Y.P. Gobin, K. Carroll and C. McDougall
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2055-2059; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4857 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    INTERVENTIONAL 
    
  
      
    
  
      Prophylactic Antiplatelet Medication in Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Low-Dose Prasugrel versus Clopidogrel  
    	
    E.J. Ha, W.S. Cho, J.E. Kim, Y.D. Cho, H.H. Choi, T. Kim, J.S. Bang, G. Hwang, O.K. Kwon, C.W. Oh, M.H. Han and H.S. Kang
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2060-2065; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4864 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EDITOR'S CHOICEINTERVENTIONAL 
    
  
      
    
  
      Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Lower NIHSS Scores: Recanalization Rates, Periprocedural Complications, and Clinical Outcome  
    	
    J. Pfaff, C. Herweh, M. Pham, S. Schönenberger, S. Nagel, P.A. Ringleb, M. Bendszus and M. Möhlenbruch
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2066-2071; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4862 
    
  
    	
    This is a retrospective analysis of 484 patients in a prospectively collected stroke data base. The inclusion criteria were anterior circulation ischemic stroke treated with mechanical thrombectomy at a single institution between September 2010 and October 2015 with an NIHSS score of ≤8. The purpose was to assess the clinical and interventional data in patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy in case of ischemic stroke with mild-to-moderate symptoms (n = 33). Recanalization (TICI 2b–3) was achieved in 26 (78.7%) patients. Two cases of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred. Favorable (mRS 0–2) and moderate (mRS 0–3) clinical 90-day outcome was achieved in 63.6% and 90.9% of patients, respectively. The authors conclude that the clinical outcome of patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic mild stroke due to large-vessel occlusion is predominately favorable, even in a prolonged time window.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    INTERVENTIONAL 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Effect of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease on Endovascular Treatment for Patients with Acute Vertebrobasilar Occlusion  
    	
    Y.W. Kim, J.M. Hong, D.G. Park, J.W. Choi, D.-H. Kang, Y.S. Kim, O.O. Zaidat, A.M. Demchuk, Y.H. Hwang and J.S. Lee
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2072-2078; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4844 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    INTERVENTIONAL 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Virtual-versus-Real Implantation of Flow Diverters: Clinical Potential and Influence of Vascular Geometry  
    	
    P. Bouillot, O. Brina, H. Yilmaz, M. Farhat, G. Erceg, K.-O. Lovblad, M.I. Vargas, Z. Kulcsar and V.M. Pereira
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2079-2086; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4845 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    INTERVENTIONAL 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Wall Apposition Is a Key Factor for Aneurysm Occlusion after Flow Diversion: A Histologic Evaluation in 41 Rabbits  
    	
    A. Rouchaud, C. Ramana, W. Brinjikji, Y.-H. Ding, D. Dai, T. Gunderson, J. Cebral, D.F. Kallmes and R. Kadirvel
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2087-2091; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4848 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBEXTRACRANIAL VASCULAR 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Vitamin D and Vulnerable Carotid Plaque  
    	
    J.S. McNally, T.M. Burton, B.W. Aldred, S.-E. Kim, M.S. McLaughlin, L.B. Eisenmenger, G.J. Stoddard, J.J. Majersik, D.V. Miller, G.S. Treiman and D.L. Parker
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2092-2099; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4849 
    
  
    	
    Angiotensin II stimulates intraplaque hemorrhage in animal models, and the angiotensin system is highly regulated by vitamin D. The authors' purpose was to determine whether low vitamin D levels predict carotid intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). In this cross-sectional study, 65 patients with carotid disease underwent carotid MR imaging and blood draw. Systemic clinical confounders and local lumen imaging markers were recorded. They performed multivariable Poisson regression by using generalized estimating equations to account for up to 2 carotid arteries per patient and backward elimination of confounders. The authors found that low vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL) were a significant predictor of MRI-detected IPH, along with plaque thickness. They conclude that vitamin D insufficiency was associated with both the presence and volume of carotid IPH in patients with carotid atherosclerosis and that these results link low vitamin D levels with plaque vulnerability.
    
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    EXTRACRANIAL VASCULAR 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Validation of a Hemodynamic Model for the Study of the Cerebral Venous Outflow System Using MR Imaging and Echo-Color Doppler Data  
    	
    G. Gadda, A. Taibi, F. Sisini, M. Gambaccini, S.K. Sethi, D.T. Utriainen, E.M. Haacke, P. Zamboni and M. Ursino
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2100-2109; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4860 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FUNCTIONAL 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      DTI Analysis of Presbycusis Using Voxel-Based Analysis  
    	
    W. Ma, M. Li, F. Gao, X. Zhang, L. Shi, L. Yu, B. Zhao, W. Chen, G. Wang and X. Wang
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2110-2114; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4870 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    FUNCTIONAL 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Disrupted Brain Connectivity Patterns in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes  
    	
    Y. Cui, S.-F. Li, H. Gu, Y.-Z. Hu, X. Liang, C.-Q. Lu, Y. Cai, C.-X. Wang, Y. Yang and G.-J. Teng
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2115-2122; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4858 
    
  
  
  

    

  • 
  
  
      
    HEAD & NECK 
    
  
      
    
  
      Orbital Fat Volumetry and Water Fraction Measurements Using T2-Weighted FSE-IDEAL Imaging in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy  
    	
    Y. Kaichi, K. Tanitame, H. Itakura, H. Ohno, M. Yoneda, Y. Takahashi, Y. Akiyama and K. Awai
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2123-2128; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4859 
    
  
  
  

    

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    HEAD & NECK 
    
  
      
    
  
      Migration of Bone Wax into the Sigmoid Sinus after Posterior Fossa Surgery  
    	
    K. Byrns, A. Khasgiwala and S. Patel
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2129-2133; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4871 
    
  
  
  

    

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    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBHEAD & NECK 
    
  
      
    
  
      Imaging Features of Malignant Lacrimal Sac and Nasolacrimal Duct Tumors  
    	
    V.A. Kumar, B. Esmaeli, S. Ahmed, B. Gogia, J.M. Debnam and L.E. Ginsberg
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2134-2137; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4882 
    
  
    	
    This case series presents 18 patients with primary and secondary malignant lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct tumors and their pattern of tumor spread. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histology and, in 15/18 patients tumor involved both the lacrimal sac and duct at the time of diagnosis. In 11/16 patients on CT, the nasolacrimal bony canal was smoothly expanded without erosive changes. Tumor was not observed solely within the nasolacrimal duct in any patient. Only 1 patient presented with nodal metastasis and there was no intracranial tumor extension or perineural tumor spread. The authors conclude that malignant lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct tumors tend to expand the nasolacrimal bony canal, rather than erode it. CT was superior to MR imaging in characterizing expansion versus erosion of the nasolacrimal bony canal.
    
  
  

    

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    HEAD & NECK 
    
  
      
    
  
      Is Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy Caused by Craniocervical Junction Degenerative Disease an Underrecognized Entity?  
    	
    S.M. Weindling, R.D. Goff, C.P. Wood, D.R. DeLone and J.M. Hoxworth
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2138-2143; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4885 
    
  
  
  

    

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    PEDIATRICS 
    
  
      
    
  
      Variability of Cerebral Deep Venous System in Preterm and Term Neonates Evaluated on MR SWI Venography  
    	
    D. Tortora, M. Severino, M. Malova, A. Parodi, G. Morana, L.A. Ramenghi and A. Rossi
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2144-2149; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4877 
    
  
  
  

    

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    Pediatrics 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Normal Cervical and Thoracic Pediatric Spinal Cord  
    	
    S. Saksena, D.M. Middleton, L. Krisa, P. Shah, S.H. Faro, R. Sinko, J. Gaughan, J. Finsterbusch, M.J. Mulcahey and F.B. Mohamed
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2150-2157; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4883 
    
  
  
  

    

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    PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 
    
  
      
    
  
      3D MR Neurography of the Lumbosacral Plexus: Obtaining Optimal Images for Selective Longitudinal Nerve Depiction  
    	
    G. Cho Sims, E. Boothe, R. Joodi and A. Chhabra
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2158-2162; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4879 
    
  
  
  

    

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    FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBSPINE 
    
  
      
    Open Access
    
  
      Cervical Spinal Cord DTI Is Improved by Reduced FOV with Specific Balance between the Number of Diffusion Gradient Directions and Averages  
    	
    A. Crombe, N. Alberti, B. Hiba, M. Uettwiller, V. Dousset and T. Tourdias
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2163-2170; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4850 
    
  
    	
    The authors evaluated multiple parameters of reduced-FOV DTI to optimize image quality. Fifteen healthy individuals underwent cervical spinal cord 3T MRI, including an anatomic 3D Multi-Echo Recombined Gradient Echo, high-resolution full-FOV DTI with a NEX of 3 and 20 diffusion gradient directions, and 5 sets of reduced-FOV DTIs differently balanced in terms of NEX/number of diffusion gradient directions. Qualitatively, reduced-FOV DTI sequences with a NEX of >5 were significantly better rated than the full-FOV DTI and the reduced-FOV DTI with low NEX (N=3) and a high number of diffusion gradient directions (D=20). Quantitatively, the best trade-off was reached by the reduced-FOV DTI with a NEX of 9 and 9 diffusion gradient directions. They conclude that the best compromise was obtained with a NEX of 9 and 9 diffusion gradient directions, which emphasizes the need for increasing the NEX at the expense of the number of diffusion gradient directions for spinal cord DTI, unlike brain imaging.
    
  
  

    

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    SPINE 
    
  
      
    
  
      Dorsal Lumbar Disc Migrations with Lateral and Ventral Epidural Extension on Axial MRI: A Case Series and Review of the Literature  
    	
    M.M. Zarrabian, F.E. Diehn, A.L. Kotsenas, J.T. Wald, E. Yu and A. Nassr
    
  
    	
    American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2016, 37 (11) 2171-2177; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4875 
    
  
  
  

    

35 Years Ago in AJNR
Letters: (Online only)
  


  
  



  
      
  
  

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