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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Relative ADC and Location Differ between Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytomas with and without Gangliocytic Differentiation" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4892" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2016-12-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2016 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pilocytic astrocytomas, the most common posterior fossa tumors in children, are characterized by KIAA1549-BRAF fusions and shows excellent 5-year survival rates. Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation, a recently defined pilocytic astrocytoma variant that includes glial and neuronal elements similar to a ganglioglioma, may be distinguished from a classic ganglioglioma by molecular, radiologic, and histopathologic features. This study investigated whether imaging could distinguish posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma with and without gangliocytic differentiation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative MRIs (± CTs) of 41 children (age range, 7 months to 15 years; mean age, 7.3 ± 3.7 years; 58.5% male) with pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation ( n = 7) or pilocytic astrocytoma ( n = 34) were evaluated; differences in tumor location, morphology, and minimum relative ADC between tumor types were compared (Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher exact test). Histopathology and BRAF fusion/mutation status were reviewed. Associations of progression-free survival with diagnosis, imaging features, and BRAF status were examined by Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS: Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation appeared similar to pilocytic astrocytoma but had lower minimum relative ADC (mean, 1.01 ± 0.17 compared with 2.01 ± 0.38 for pilocytic astrocytoma; P = .0005) and was more commonly located within midline structures ( P = .0034). BRAF status was similar for both groups. Non-total resection (hazard ratio, 52.64; P = .0002), pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation diagnosis (hazard ratio, 4.66; P = .0104), and midline involvement (hazard ratio, 3.32; P = .0433) were associated with shorter progression-free survival.

CONCLUSIONS: Minimum relative ADC and tumor location may be useful adjuncts to histopathology in differentiating pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation from pilocytic astrocytoma. Shorter progression-free survival in pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation is likely due to a propensity for involvement of midline structures and poor resectability.

GG
:   ganglioglioma
GTR
:   gross total resection
MAPK
:   mitogen-activated protein kinase
NTR
:   non-total resection
PA
:   pilocytic astrocytoma
PA-GD
:   pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation
PFS
:   progression-free survival
rADC
:   relative ADC" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.H. Harreld" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.N. Hwang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="I. Qaddoumi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.G. Tatevossian" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Li" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Dalton" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Haupfear" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Li" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.W. Ellison" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2016-12-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Relative ADC and Location Differ between Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytomas with and without Gangliocytic Differentiation" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pilocytic astrocytomas, the most common posterior fossa tumors in children, are characterized by &lt;i&gt;KIAA1549-BRAF&lt;/i&gt; fusions and shows excellent 5-year survival rates. Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation, a recently defined pilocytic astrocytoma variant that includes glial and neuronal elements similar to a ganglioglioma, may be distinguished from a classic ganglioglioma by molecular, radiologic, and histopathologic features. This study investigated whether imaging could distinguish posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma with and without gangliocytic differentiation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Preoperative MRIs (± CTs) of 41 children (age range, 7 months to 15 years; mean age, 7.3 ± 3.7 years; 58.5% male) with pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7) or pilocytic astrocytoma (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 34) were evaluated; differences in tumor location, morphology, and minimum relative ADC between tumor types were compared (Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher exact test). Histopathology and &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; fusion/mutation status were reviewed. Associations of progression-free survival with diagnosis, imaging features, and &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; status were examined by Cox proportional hazards models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation appeared similar to pilocytic astrocytoma but had lower minimum relative ADC (mean, 1.01 ± 0.17 compared with 2.01 ± 0.38 for pilocytic astrocytoma; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .0005) and was more commonly located within midline structures (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .0034). &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; status was similar for both groups. Non-total resection (hazard ratio, 52.64; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .0002), pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation diagnosis (hazard ratio, 4.66; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .0104), and midline involvement (hazard ratio, 3.32; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .0433) were associated with shorter progression-free survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Minimum relative ADC and tumor location may be useful adjuncts to histopathology in differentiating pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation from pilocytic astrocytoma. Shorter progression-free survival in pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation is likely due to a propensity for involvement of midline structures and poor resectability.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Relative ADC and Location Differ between Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytomas with and without Gangliocytic Differentiation" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pilocytic astrocytomas, the most common posterior fossa tumors in children, are characterized by KIAA1549-BRAF fusions and shows excellent 5-year survival rates. Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation, a recently defined pilocytic astrocytoma variant that includes glial and neuronal elements similar to a ganglioglioma, may be distinguished from a classic ganglioglioma by molecular, radiologic, and histopathologic features. This study investigated whether imaging could distinguish posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma with and without gangliocytic differentiation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative MRIs (± CTs) of 41 children (age range, 7 months to 15 years; mean age, 7.3 ± 3.7 years; 58.5% male) with pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation ( n = 7) or pilocytic astrocytoma ( n = 34) were evaluated; differences in tumor location, morphology, and minimum relative ADC between tumor types were compared (Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher exact test). Histopathology and BRAF fusion/mutation status were reviewed. Associations of progression-free survival with diagnosis, imaging features, and BRAF status were examined by Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS: Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation appeared similar to pilocytic astrocytoma but had lower minimum relative ADC (mean, 1.01 ± 0.17 compared with 2.01 ± 0.38 for pilocytic astrocytoma; P = .0005) and was more commonly located within midline structures ( P = .0034). BRAF status was similar for both groups. Non-total resection (hazard ratio, 52.64; P = .0002), pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation diagnosis (hazard ratio, 4.66; P = .0104), and midline involvement (hazard ratio, 3.32; P = .0433) were associated with shorter progression-free survival.

CONCLUSIONS: Minimum relative ADC and tumor location may be useful adjuncts to histopathology in differentiating pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation from pilocytic astrocytoma. Shorter progression-free survival in pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation is likely due to a propensity for involvement of midline structures and poor resectability.

GG
:   ganglioglioma
GTR
:   gross total resection
MAPK
:   mitogen-activated protein kinase
NTR
:   non-total resection
PA
:   pilocytic astrocytoma
PA-GD
:   pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation
PFS
:   progression-free survival
rADC
:   relative ADC" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Relative ADC and Location Differ between Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytomas with and without Gangliocytic Differentiation" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/37/12/2370" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pilocytic astrocytomas, the most common posterior fossa tumors in children, are characterized by KIAA1549-BRAF fusions and shows excellent 5-year survival rates. Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation, a recently defined pilocytic astrocytoma variant that includes glial and neuronal elements similar to a ganglioglioma, may be distinguished from a classic ganglioglioma by molecular, radiologic, and histopathologic features. This study investigated whether imaging could distinguish posterior fossa pilocytic astrocytoma with and without gangliocytic differentiation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative MRIs (± CTs) of 41 children (age range, 7 months to 15 years; mean age, 7.3 ± 3.7 years; 58.5% male) with pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation ( n = 7) or pilocytic astrocytoma ( n = 34) were evaluated; differences in tumor location, morphology, and minimum relative ADC between tumor types were compared (Wilcoxon rank sum test, Fisher exact test). Histopathology and BRAF fusion/mutation status were reviewed. Associations of progression-free survival with diagnosis, imaging features, and BRAF status were examined by Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS: Pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation appeared similar to pilocytic astrocytoma but had lower minimum relative ADC (mean, 1.01 ± 0.17 compared with 2.01 ± 0.38 for pilocytic astrocytoma; P = .0005) and was more commonly located within midline structures ( P = .0034). BRAF status was similar for both groups. Non-total resection (hazard ratio, 52.64; P = .0002), pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation diagnosis (hazard ratio, 4.66; P = .0104), and midline involvement (hazard ratio, 3.32; P = .0433) were associated with shorter progression-free survival.

CONCLUSIONS: Minimum relative ADC and tumor location may be useful adjuncts to histopathology in differentiating pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation from pilocytic astrocytoma. Shorter progression-free survival in pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation is likely due to a propensity for involvement of midline structures and poor resectability.

GG
:   ganglioglioma
GTR
:   gross total resection
MAPK
:   mitogen-activated protein kinase
NTR
:   non-total resection
PA
:   pilocytic astrocytoma
PA-GD
:   pilocytic astrocytoma with gangliocytic differentiation
PFS
:   progression-free survival
rADC
:   relative ADC" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node117--5" data-node-nid="117" id="top-node-117--61171878891" data-pisa="ajnr;37/12/2370" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4892" data-apath="/ajnr/37/12/2370.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Pediatrics</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Relative ADC and Location Differ between Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytomas with and without Gangliocytic Differentiation</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J.H. Harreld</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">S.N. Hwang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">I. Qaddoumi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">R.G. Tatevossian</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">X. Li</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">J. Dalton</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">K. Haupfear</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Y. Li</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">D.W. Ellison</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">December 2016,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">37 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(12) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2370-2375; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4892 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-117--61171878891" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.H. Harreld </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (J.H.H., S.N.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.H.%2BHarreld%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Harreld%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.H.%2BHarreld%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8814-9373" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.H. Harreld</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.N. Hwang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (J.H.H., S.N.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.N.%2BHwang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hwang%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.N.%2BHwang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6496-2087" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.N. Hwang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">I. Qaddoumi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neuro-Oncology (I.Q.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=I.%2BQaddoumi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Qaddoumi%20I&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AI.%2BQaddoumi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-4895" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for I. Qaddoumi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.G. Tatevossian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Pathology (R.G.T., J.D., K.H., D.W.E.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.G.%2BTatevossian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tatevossian%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.G.%2BTatevossian%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1653-3026" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.G. Tatevossian</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">X. Li </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Biostatistics (X.L., Y.L.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BLi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BLi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-4886" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for X. Li</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Dalton </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Pathology (R.G.T., J.D., K.H., D.W.E.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BDalton%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dalton%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BDalton%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9824-5043" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Dalton</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Haupfear </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Pathology (R.G.T., J.D., K.H., D.W.E.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BHaupfear%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Haupfear%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BHaupfear%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5283-7660" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K. Haupfear</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Li </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Biostatistics (X.L., Y.L.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BLi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BLi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-4316" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Li</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.W. Ellison </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Pathology (R.G.T., J.D., K.H., D.W.E.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.W.%2BEllison%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ellison%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.W.%2BEllison%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-7757" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.W. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-37.12.2370.1" data-doi="10.1111/nan.12246"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Jenkinson</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">MD</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Smith</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">TS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Brodbelt</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">AR</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Apparent diffusion coefficients in oligodendroglial tumors characterized by genotype</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Magn Reson Imaging</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2007</span>;<span class="cit-vol">26</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1405</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">12</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1002/jmri.21062</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>17968881</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/jmri.21062&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=17968881&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F37%2F12%2F2370.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">40.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-40-1" title="View reference 40. in text" id="ref-40">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-37.12.2370.40" data-doi="10.3174/ajnr.A3784"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Rodriguez Gutierrez</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">D</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Awwad</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">A</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Meijer</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">L</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Metrics and textural features of MRI diffusion to improve classification of pediatric posterior fossa tumors</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2014</span>;<span class="cit-vol">35</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1009</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">15</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3174/ajnr.A3784</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>24309122</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiIzNS81LzEwMDkiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyMToiL2FqbnIvMzcvMTIvMjM3MC5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li></ol></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 37</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 12 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Dec 2016 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Relative ADC and Location Differ between Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytomas with and without Gangliocytic Differentiation</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Harreld</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hwang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Qaddoumi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tatevossian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dalton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Haupfear</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ellison</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Dec 2016, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">37 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(12) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2370-2375; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4892 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Relative ADC and Location Differ between Posterior Fossa Pilocytic Astrocytomas with and without Gangliocytic Differentiation</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Harreld</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hwang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Qaddoumi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tatevossian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dalton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Haupfear</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ellison</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Dec 2016, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">37 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(12) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2370-2375; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4892 </span></div>
  
  
  
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