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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Radiation Doses in Patient Eye Lenses during Interventional Neuroradiology Procedures" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4549" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2016-03-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Eye lenses are among the most sensitive organs to x-ray radiation and may be considered at risk during neurointerventional radiology procedures. The threshold dose to produce eye lens opacities has been recently reduced to 500 mGy by the International Commission on Radiologic Protection. In this article, the authors investigated the radiation doses delivered to patients' eyes during interventional neuroradiology procedures at a university hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Small optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters were located over patients' eyes during 5 diagnostic and 31 therapeutic procedures performed in a biplane x-ray system. Phantom measurements were also made to determine the level of radiation to the eye during imaging runs with conebeam CT.

RESULTS: The left eye (located toward the lateral C-arm x-ray source) received a 4.5 times greater dose than the right one. The average dose during embolization in the left eye was 300 mGy, with a maximum of 2000 mGy in a single procedure. The patient who received this maximum eye dose needed 6 embolization procedures to treat his high-volume AVM. If one took into account those 6 embolizations, the eye dose could be 2-fold. Sixteen percent of the embolizations resulted in eye doses of &gt;500 mGy.

CONCLUSIONS: A relevant fraction of patients received eye doses exceeding the threshold of 500 mGy. A careful optimization of the procedures and follow-up of these patients to evaluate potential lens opacities should be considered.

CBCT
:   conebeam CT
DAP
:   dose-area product
ICRP
:   International Commission on Radiological Protection
INR
:   interventional neuroradiology
OSLD
:   optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.M. Sánchez" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Vañó" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.M. Fernández" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Rosati" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. López-Ibor" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2016-03-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="INTERVENTIONAL" />
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&lt;p&gt;Eye lenses are among the most sensitive organs to x-ray radiation and may be considered at risk during neurointerventional radiology procedures. The threshold dose to produce eye lens opacities has been recently reduced to 500 mGy by the International Commission on Radiologic Protection. In this article, the authors investigated the radiation doses delivered to patients9 eyes during interventional neuroradiology procedures at a university hospital.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Small optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters were located over patients9 eyes during 5 diagnostic and 31 therapeutic procedures performed in a biplane x-ray system. Phantom measurements were also made to determine the level of radiation to the eye during imaging runs with conebeam CT.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The left eye (located toward the lateral C-arm x-ray source) received a 4.5 times greater dose than the right one. The average dose during embolization in the left eye was 300 mGy, with a maximum of 2000 mGy in a single procedure. The patient who received this maximum eye dose needed 6 embolization procedures to treat his high-volume AVM. If one took into account those 6 embolizations, the eye dose could be 2-fold. Sixteen percent of the embolizations resulted in eye doses of &amp;gt;500 mGy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A relevant fraction of patients received eye doses exceeding the threshold of 500 mGy. A careful optimization of the procedures and follow-up of these patients to evaluate potential lens opacities should be considered.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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MATERIALS AND METHODS: Small optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters were located over patients' eyes during 5 diagnostic and 31 therapeutic procedures performed in a biplane x-ray system. Phantom measurements were also made to determine the level of radiation to the eye during imaging runs with conebeam CT.

RESULTS: The left eye (located toward the lateral C-arm x-ray source) received a 4.5 times greater dose than the right one. The average dose during embolization in the left eye was 300 mGy, with a maximum of 2000 mGy in a single procedure. The patient who received this maximum eye dose needed 6 embolization procedures to treat his high-volume AVM. If one took into account those 6 embolizations, the eye dose could be 2-fold. Sixteen percent of the embolizations resulted in eye doses of &gt;500 mGy.

CONCLUSIONS: A relevant fraction of patients received eye doses exceeding the threshold of 500 mGy. A careful optimization of the procedures and follow-up of these patients to evaluate potential lens opacities should be considered.

CBCT
:   conebeam CT
DAP
:   dose-area product
ICRP
:   International Commission on Radiological Protection
INR
:   interventional neuroradiology
OSLD
:   optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter" />
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Eye lenses are among the most sensitive organs to x-ray radiation and may be considered at risk during neurointerventional radiology procedures. The threshold dose to produce eye lens opacities has been recently reduced to 500 mGy by the International Commission on Radiologic Protection. In this article, the authors investigated the radiation doses delivered to patients' eyes during interventional neuroradiology procedures at a university hospital.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Small optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters were located over patients' eyes during 5 diagnostic and 31 therapeutic procedures performed in a biplane x-ray system. Phantom measurements were also made to determine the level of radiation to the eye during imaging runs with conebeam CT.

RESULTS: The left eye (located toward the lateral C-arm x-ray source) received a 4.5 times greater dose than the right one. The average dose during embolization in the left eye was 300 mGy, with a maximum of 2000 mGy in a single procedure. The patient who received this maximum eye dose needed 6 embolization procedures to treat his high-volume AVM. If one took into account those 6 embolizations, the eye dose could be 2-fold. Sixteen percent of the embolizations resulted in eye doses of &gt;500 mGy.

CONCLUSIONS: A relevant fraction of patients received eye doses exceeding the threshold of 500 mGy. A careful optimization of the procedures and follow-up of these patients to evaluate potential lens opacities should be considered.

CBCT
:   conebeam CT
DAP
:   dose-area product
ICRP
:   International Commission on Radiological Protection
INR
:   interventional neuroradiology
OSLD
:   optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node14346--5" data-node-nid="14346" id="top-node-14346--6575396493" data-pisa="ajnr;37/3/402" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4549" data-apath="/ajnr/37/3/402.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">INTERVENTIONAL</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Radiation Doses in Patient Eye Lenses during Interventional Neuroradiology Procedures</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">R.M. Sánchez</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">E. Vañó</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">J.M. Fernández</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">S. Rosati</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">L. López-Ibor</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">March 2016,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">37 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">402-407; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4549 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-14346--6575396493" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.M. Sánchez </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Physics (R.M.S., E.V., J.M.F.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.M.%2BS%C3%A1nchez%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=S%C3%A1nchez%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.M.%2BS%25C3%25A1nchez%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-2362" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.M. Sánchez</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E. Vañó </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Physics (R.M.S., E.V., J.M.F.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (E.V., J.M.F.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.%2BVa%C3%B1%C3%B3%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Va%C3%B1%C3%B3%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.%2BVa%25C3%25B1%25C3%25B3%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-1358" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E. Vañó</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.M. Fernández </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Physics (R.M.S., E.V., J.M.F.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (E.V., J.M.F.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.M.%2BFern%C3%A1ndez%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fern%C3%A1ndez%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.M.%2BFern%25C3%25A1ndez%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-4611" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.M. Fernández</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Rosati </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neuroradiology (S.R., L.L.-I.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BRosati%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rosati%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BRosati%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5613-1291" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Rosati</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. López-Ibor </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neuroradiology (S.R., L.L.-I.), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BL%C3%B3pez-Ibor%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=L%C3%B3pez-Ibor%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BL%25C3%25B3pez-Ibor%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0537-5189" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. López-Ibor</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-37.3.402.1" data-doi="10.1016/j.icrp.2012.02.001"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 37</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 3 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Mar 2016 </div></div>
      
      
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