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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Whole-Brain DTI Assessment of White Matter Damage in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: Evidence of Involvement beyond the Primary Target of the Anoxic Insult" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A4717" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2016-07-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2016 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral palsy is frequently associated with both motor and nonmotor symptoms. DTI can characterize the damage at the level of motor tracts but provides less consistent results in nonmotor areas. We used a standardized pipeline of analysis to describe and quantify the pattern of DTI white matter abnormalities of the whole brain in a group of children with chronic bilateral cerebral palsy and periventricular leukomalacia. We also explored potential correlations between DTI and clinical scale metrics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients (mean age, 11.8 years) and 25 healthy children (mean age, 11.8 years) were studied at 3T with a 2-mm isotropic DTI sequence. Differences between patients and controls were assessed both voxelwise and in ROIs obtained from an existing DTI atlas. Clinical metrics included the Gross Motor Function Classification System, the Manual Ability Classification System, and intelligence quotient.

RESULTS: The voxel-level and ROI-level analyses demonstrated highly significant ( P &lt; .001) modifications of DTI measurements in patients at several levels: cerebellar peduncles, corticospinal tracts and posterior thalamic radiations, posterior corpus callosum, external capsule, anterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculi and corona radiata, optic nerves, and chiasm. The reduction of fractional anisotropy values in significant tracts was between 8% and 30%. Statistically significant correlations were found between motor impairment and fractional anisotropy in corticospinal tracts and commissural and associative tracts of the supratentorial brain.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the involvement of several motor and nonmotor areas in the chronic damage associated with periventricular leukomalacia and showed new correlations between motor skills and DTI metrics.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
CP
:   cerebral palsy
CST
:   corticospinal tract
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
GMFCS
:   Gross Motor Function Classification System
HC
:   healthy control
IQ
:   intelligence quotient
MACS
:   Manual Ability Classification System
MD
:   mean diffusivity
PVL
:   periventricular leukomalacia
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SCP
:   superior cerebellar peduncle" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Arrigoni" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Peruzzo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Gagliardi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Maghini" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Colombo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Servodio Iammarrone" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Pierpaoli" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Triulzi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.C. Turconi" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2016-07-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="PEDIATRICS" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Whole-Brain DTI Assessment of White Matter Damage in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: Evidence of Involvement beyond the Primary Target of the Anoxic Insult" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cerebral palsy is frequently associated with both motor and nonmotor symptoms. DTI can characterize the damage at the level of motor tracts but provides less consistent results in nonmotor areas. We used a standardized pipeline of analysis to describe and quantify the pattern of DTI white matter abnormalities of the whole brain in a group of children with chronic bilateral cerebral palsy and periventricular leukomalacia. We also explored potential correlations between DTI and clinical scale metrics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Twenty-five patients (mean age, 11.8 years) and 25 healthy children (mean age, 11.8 years) were studied at 3T with a 2-mm isotropic DTI sequence. Differences between patients and controls were assessed both voxelwise and in ROIs obtained from an existing DTI atlas. Clinical metrics included the Gross Motor Function Classification System, the Manual Ability Classification System, and intelligence quotient.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The voxel-level and ROI-level analyses demonstrated highly significant (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001) modifications of DTI measurements in patients at several levels: cerebellar peduncles, corticospinal tracts and posterior thalamic radiations, posterior corpus callosum, external capsule, anterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculi and corona radiata, optic nerves, and chiasm. The reduction of fractional anisotropy values in significant tracts was between 8% and 30%. Statistically significant correlations were found between motor impairment and fractional anisotropy in corticospinal tracts and commissural and associative tracts of the supratentorial brain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We demonstrated the involvement of several motor and nonmotor areas in the chronic damage associated with periventricular leukomalacia and showed new correlations between motor skills and DTI metrics.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Whole-Brain DTI Assessment of White Matter Damage in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: Evidence of Involvement beyond the Primary Target of the Anoxic Insult" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral palsy is frequently associated with both motor and nonmotor symptoms. DTI can characterize the damage at the level of motor tracts but provides less consistent results in nonmotor areas. We used a standardized pipeline of analysis to describe and quantify the pattern of DTI white matter abnormalities of the whole brain in a group of children with chronic bilateral cerebral palsy and periventricular leukomalacia. We also explored potential correlations between DTI and clinical scale metrics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients (mean age, 11.8 years) and 25 healthy children (mean age, 11.8 years) were studied at 3T with a 2-mm isotropic DTI sequence. Differences between patients and controls were assessed both voxelwise and in ROIs obtained from an existing DTI atlas. Clinical metrics included the Gross Motor Function Classification System, the Manual Ability Classification System, and intelligence quotient.

RESULTS: The voxel-level and ROI-level analyses demonstrated highly significant ( P &lt; .001) modifications of DTI measurements in patients at several levels: cerebellar peduncles, corticospinal tracts and posterior thalamic radiations, posterior corpus callosum, external capsule, anterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculi and corona radiata, optic nerves, and chiasm. The reduction of fractional anisotropy values in significant tracts was between 8% and 30%. Statistically significant correlations were found between motor impairment and fractional anisotropy in corticospinal tracts and commissural and associative tracts of the supratentorial brain.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the involvement of several motor and nonmotor areas in the chronic damage associated with periventricular leukomalacia and showed new correlations between motor skills and DTI metrics.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
CP
:   cerebral palsy
CST
:   corticospinal tract
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
GMFCS
:   Gross Motor Function Classification System
HC
:   healthy control
IQ
:   intelligence quotient
MACS
:   Manual Ability Classification System
MD
:   mean diffusivity
PVL
:   periventricular leukomalacia
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SCP
:   superior cerebellar peduncle" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Whole-Brain DTI Assessment of White Matter Damage in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: Evidence of Involvement beyond the Primary Target of the Anoxic Insult" />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral palsy is frequently associated with both motor and nonmotor symptoms. DTI can characterize the damage at the level of motor tracts but provides less consistent results in nonmotor areas. We used a standardized pipeline of analysis to describe and quantify the pattern of DTI white matter abnormalities of the whole brain in a group of children with chronic bilateral cerebral palsy and periventricular leukomalacia. We also explored potential correlations between DTI and clinical scale metrics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients (mean age, 11.8 years) and 25 healthy children (mean age, 11.8 years) were studied at 3T with a 2-mm isotropic DTI sequence. Differences between patients and controls were assessed both voxelwise and in ROIs obtained from an existing DTI atlas. Clinical metrics included the Gross Motor Function Classification System, the Manual Ability Classification System, and intelligence quotient.

RESULTS: The voxel-level and ROI-level analyses demonstrated highly significant ( P &lt; .001) modifications of DTI measurements in patients at several levels: cerebellar peduncles, corticospinal tracts and posterior thalamic radiations, posterior corpus callosum, external capsule, anterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculi and corona radiata, optic nerves, and chiasm. The reduction of fractional anisotropy values in significant tracts was between 8% and 30%. Statistically significant correlations were found between motor impairment and fractional anisotropy in corticospinal tracts and commissural and associative tracts of the supratentorial brain.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the involvement of several motor and nonmotor areas in the chronic damage associated with periventricular leukomalacia and showed new correlations between motor skills and DTI metrics.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
CP
:   cerebral palsy
CST
:   corticospinal tract
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
GMFCS
:   Gross Motor Function Classification System
HC
:   healthy control
IQ
:   intelligence quotient
MACS
:   Manual Ability Classification System
MD
:   mean diffusivity
PVL
:   periventricular leukomalacia
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SCP
:   superior cerebellar peduncle" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node14447--5" data-node-nid="14447" id="top-node-14447--61498434371" data-pisa="ajnr;37/7/1347" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A4717" data-apath="/ajnr/37/7/1347.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">PEDIATRICS</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Whole-Brain DTI Assessment of White Matter Damage in Children with Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: Evidence of Involvement beyond the Primary Target of the Anoxic Insult</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">F. Arrigoni</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">D. Peruzzo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">C. Gagliardi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">C. Maghini</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">P. Colombo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">F. Servodio Iammarrone</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">C. Pierpaoli</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">F. Triulzi</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">A.C. Turconi</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">July 2016,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">37 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1347-1353; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A4717 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-14447--61498434371" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Arrigoni </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neuroimaging Lab (F.A., D.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BArrigoni%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Arrigoni%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BArrigoni%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-1149" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Arrigoni</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Peruzzo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Neuroimaging Lab (F.A., D.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BPeruzzo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Peruzzo%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BPeruzzo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9480-379X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Peruzzo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Gagliardi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Functional Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.G., C.M., F.S.I., A.C.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BGagliardi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gagliardi%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BGagliardi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9931-9879" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Gagliardi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Maghini </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Functional Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.G., C.M., F.S.I., A.C.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BMaghini%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Maghini%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BMaghini%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-7954" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Maghini</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Colombo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Child Psychopathology Unit (P.C.), Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BColombo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Colombo%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BColombo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-5913" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. Colombo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Servodio Iammarrone </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Functional Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.G., C.M., F.S.I., A.C.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BServodio%2BIammarrone%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Iammarrone%20FS&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BServodio%2BIammarrone%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9141-6164" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Servodio Iammarrone</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Pierpaoli </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>National Institutes of Health (C.P.), Bethesda, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BPierpaoli%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pierpaoli%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BPierpaoli%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8558-4428" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Pierpaoli</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Triulzi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neuroradiology (F.T.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BTriulzi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Triulzi%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BTriulzi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-7217" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Triulzi</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.C. Turconi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Functional Neurorehabilitation Unit (C.G., C.M., F.S.I., A.C.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.C.%2BTurconi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Turconi%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.C.%2BTurconi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-9053" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.C. Turconi</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">REFERENCES</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-37.7.1347.1" data-doi="10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04039.x"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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          <a href="/content/37/7" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">American Journal of Neuroradiology</span></a>      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 37</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 7 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jul 2016 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Arrigoni</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Peruzzo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gagliardi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Maghini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Colombo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">F. Servodio</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Iammarrone</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pierpaoli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Triulzi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Turconi</span></span></span></div>
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Arrigoni</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Peruzzo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gagliardi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Maghini</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Colombo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">F. Servodio</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Iammarrone</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pierpaoli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Triulzi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Turconi</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2016, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">37 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1347-1353; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A4717 </span></div>
  
  
  
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