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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Anatomic Location of Tumor Predicts the Accuracy of Motor Function Localization in Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas Involving the Hand Knob Area" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5342" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-10-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The accuracy of preoperative blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI remains controversial. This study assessed the association between the anatomic location of a tumor and the accuracy of fMRI-based motor function mapping in diffuse lower-grade gliomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with lower-grade gliomas involving motor areas underwent preoperative blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI scans with grasping tasks and received intraoperative direct cortical stimulation. Patients were classified into an overlapping group and a nonoverlapping group, depending on the extent to which blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI and direct cortical stimulation results concurred. Tumor location was quantitatively measured, including the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob and the deviation distance of the midpoint of the hand knob in the lesion hemisphere relative to the midline compared with the normal contralateral hemisphere.

RESULTS: A 4-mm shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob value was identified as optimal for differentiating the overlapping and nonoverlapping group with the receiver operating characteristic curve (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 77.8%). The shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob of ≤4 mm were associated with inaccurate fMRI-based localizations of the hand motor cortex. The shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob were larger ( P = .002), and the deviation distances for the midpoint of the hand knob in the lesion hemisphere were smaller ( P = .003) in the overlapping group than in the nonoverlapping group.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob and the deviation distance for the midpoint of the hand knob on the lesion hemisphere are predictive of the accuracy of blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI results. Smaller shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob and larger deviation distances for the midpoint of hand knob on the lesion hemisphere are associated with less accuracy of motor cortex localization with blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI. Preoperative fMRI data for surgical planning should be used cautiously when the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob is ≤4 mm, especially for lower-grade gliomas anterior to the central sulcus.

BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
DCS
:   direct cortical stimulation
DD
:   deviation distance for the midpoint of the hand knob on the lesion hemisphere
D-min
:   the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Fang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Liang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Qian" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Liu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Fan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Li" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Jiang" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-10-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Functional" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Anatomic Location of Tumor Predicts the Accuracy of Motor Function Localization in Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas Involving the Hand Knob Area" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The accuracy of preoperative blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI remains controversial. This study assessed the association between the anatomic location of a tumor and the accuracy of fMRI-based motor function mapping in diffuse lower-grade gliomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thirty-five patients with lower-grade gliomas involving motor areas underwent preoperative blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI scans with grasping tasks and received intraoperative direct cortical stimulation. Patients were classified into an overlapping group and a nonoverlapping group, depending on the extent to which blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI and direct cortical stimulation results concurred. Tumor location was quantitatively measured, including the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob and the deviation distance of the midpoint of the hand knob in the lesion hemisphere relative to the midline compared with the normal contralateral hemisphere.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A 4-mm shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob value was identified as optimal for differentiating the overlapping and nonoverlapping group with the receiver operating characteristic curve (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 77.8%). The shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob of ≤4 mm were associated with inaccurate fMRI-based localizations of the hand motor cortex. The shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob were larger (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .002), and the deviation distances for the midpoint of the hand knob in the lesion hemisphere were smaller (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .003) in the overlapping group than in the nonoverlapping group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This study suggests that the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob and the deviation distance for the midpoint of the hand knob on the lesion hemisphere are predictive of the accuracy of blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI results. Smaller shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob and larger deviation distances for the midpoint of hand knob on the lesion hemisphere are associated with less accuracy of motor cortex localization with blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI. Preoperative fMRI data for surgical planning should be used cautiously when the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob is ≤4 mm, especially for lower-grade gliomas anterior to the central sulcus.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Anatomic Location of Tumor Predicts the Accuracy of Motor Function Localization in Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas Involving the Hand Knob Area" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The accuracy of preoperative blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI remains controversial. This study assessed the association between the anatomic location of a tumor and the accuracy of fMRI-based motor function mapping in diffuse lower-grade gliomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with lower-grade gliomas involving motor areas underwent preoperative blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI scans with grasping tasks and received intraoperative direct cortical stimulation. Patients were classified into an overlapping group and a nonoverlapping group, depending on the extent to which blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI and direct cortical stimulation results concurred. Tumor location was quantitatively measured, including the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob and the deviation distance of the midpoint of the hand knob in the lesion hemisphere relative to the midline compared with the normal contralateral hemisphere.

RESULTS: A 4-mm shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob value was identified as optimal for differentiating the overlapping and nonoverlapping group with the receiver operating characteristic curve (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 77.8%). The shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob of ≤4 mm were associated with inaccurate fMRI-based localizations of the hand motor cortex. The shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob were larger ( P = .002), and the deviation distances for the midpoint of the hand knob in the lesion hemisphere were smaller ( P = .003) in the overlapping group than in the nonoverlapping group.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob and the deviation distance for the midpoint of the hand knob on the lesion hemisphere are predictive of the accuracy of blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI results. Smaller shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob and larger deviation distances for the midpoint of hand knob on the lesion hemisphere are associated with less accuracy of motor cortex localization with blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI. Preoperative fMRI data for surgical planning should be used cautiously when the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob is ≤4 mm, especially for lower-grade gliomas anterior to the central sulcus.

BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
DCS
:   direct cortical stimulation
DD
:   deviation distance for the midpoint of the hand knob on the lesion hemisphere
D-min
:   the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Anatomic Location of Tumor Predicts the Accuracy of Motor Function Localization in Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas Involving the Hand Knob Area" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/10/1990" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The accuracy of preoperative blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI remains controversial. This study assessed the association between the anatomic location of a tumor and the accuracy of fMRI-based motor function mapping in diffuse lower-grade gliomas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five patients with lower-grade gliomas involving motor areas underwent preoperative blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI scans with grasping tasks and received intraoperative direct cortical stimulation. Patients were classified into an overlapping group and a nonoverlapping group, depending on the extent to which blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI and direct cortical stimulation results concurred. Tumor location was quantitatively measured, including the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob and the deviation distance of the midpoint of the hand knob in the lesion hemisphere relative to the midline compared with the normal contralateral hemisphere.

RESULTS: A 4-mm shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob value was identified as optimal for differentiating the overlapping and nonoverlapping group with the receiver operating characteristic curve (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 77.8%). The shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob of ≤4 mm were associated with inaccurate fMRI-based localizations of the hand motor cortex. The shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob were larger ( P = .002), and the deviation distances for the midpoint of the hand knob in the lesion hemisphere were smaller ( P = .003) in the overlapping group than in the nonoverlapping group.

CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob and the deviation distance for the midpoint of the hand knob on the lesion hemisphere are predictive of the accuracy of blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI results. Smaller shortest distances from the tumor to the hand knob and larger deviation distances for the midpoint of hand knob on the lesion hemisphere are associated with less accuracy of motor cortex localization with blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI. Preoperative fMRI data for surgical planning should be used cautiously when the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob is ≤4 mm, especially for lower-grade gliomas anterior to the central sulcus.

BOLD
:   blood oxygen level–dependent
DCS
:   direct cortical stimulation
DD
:   deviation distance for the midpoint of the hand knob on the lesion hemisphere
D-min
:   the shortest distance from the tumor to the hand knob" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node56237" data-node-nid="56237" id="top-node-56237--2401912334" data-pisa="ajnr;38/10/1990" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5342" data-apath="/ajnr/38/10/1990.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Functional</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Anatomic Location of Tumor Predicts the Accuracy of Motor Function Localization in Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas Involving the Hand Knob Area</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S. Fang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">J. Liang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">T. Qian</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Y. Wang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">X. Liu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">X. Fan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">S. Li</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Y. Wang</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">T. Jiang</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">October 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1990-1997; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5342 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-56237--2401912334" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Fang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.F., Y.W., T.J.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (S.F., J.L., Y.W., X.L., X.F., Y.W., T.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BFang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fang%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BFang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9407-1955" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Fang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Liang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (S.F., J.L., Y.W., X.L., X.F., Y.W., T.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BLiang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Liang%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BLiang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5378-226X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Liang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T. Qian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>MR Collaborations NE Asia (T.Q.), Siemens Healthcare, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.%2BQian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Qian%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.%2BQian%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-268X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T. Qian</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Wang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.F., Y.W., T.J.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (S.F., J.L., Y.W., X.L., X.F., Y.W., T.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6699-4728" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Wang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">X. Liu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (S.F., J.L., Y.W., X.L., X.F., Y.W., T.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BLiu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Liu%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BLiu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-2838" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for X. Liu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">X. Fan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (S.F., J.L., Y.W., X.L., X.F., Y.W., T.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BFan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Fan%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BFan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-2210" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for X. Fan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Li </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Functional Neuroradiology Center (S.L.), Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BLi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BLi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-9323" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Li</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Wang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (S.F., J.L., Y.W., X.L., X.F., Y.W., T.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5665-5178" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Wang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T. Jiang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.F., Y.W., T.J.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Beijing Neurosurgical Institute (S.F., J.L., Y.W., X.L., X.F., Y.W., T.J.), Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Brain Tumor Center (T.J.), Beijing, China.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.%2BJiang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jiang%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.%2BJiang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-6351" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T. Jiang</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.10.1990.1" data-doi="10.3171/2010.6.JNS091246"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 38</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 10 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Oct 2017 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Anatomic Location of Tumor Predicts the Accuracy of Motor Function Localization in Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas Involving the Hand Knob Area</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Qian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jiang</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1990-1997; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5342 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Anatomic Location of Tumor Predicts the Accuracy of Motor Function Localization in Diffuse Lower-Grade Gliomas Involving the Hand Knob Area</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Qian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jiang</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Oct 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(10) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1990-1997; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5342 </span></div>
  
  
  
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