1naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

)
1naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

)
1naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

)
1naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

)
1naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => Controlled
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

)
1naresh<pre>Array
(
    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity] => Array
        (
            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:identity
            [type] => guest
            [service-id] => ajnr-ac.highwire.org
            [access-type] => FreeToRead
            [privilege] => Array
                (
                    [urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege] => Array
                        (
                            [runtime-id] => urn:ac.highwire.org:guest:privilege
                            [type] => privilege-set
                            [privilege-set] => GUEST
                        )

                )

            [credentials] => Array
                (
                    [method] => guest
                )

        )

)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" 
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
  xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article# book: http://ogp.me/ns/book#" >
    <!--[if IE]><![endif]-->
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//scholar.google.com" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.google.com" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net" />
<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//www.googletagmanager.com" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="/node/57331" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 7 (http://drupal.org)" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/images/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<meta name="issue_cover_image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/38/12.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="type" content="article" />
<meta name="category" content="research-article" />
<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/38/12/2315.atom" />
<meta name="HW.pisa" content="ajnr;38/12/2315" />
<meta name="DC.Format" content="text/html" />
<meta name="DC.Language" content="en" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5396" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-12-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="restricted" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas are principally supplied by dural branches of the external carotid, internal carotid, and vertebral arteries, they can also be fed by pial arteries that supply the brain. We sought to determine the frequency of neurologic deficits following treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with and without pial artery supply.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-two consecutive patients who underwent treatment for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas at our hospital from 2008 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient data were examined for posttreatment neurologic deficits; patients with such deficits were evaluated for imaging evidence of cerebral infarction. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS: Of 122 treated patients, 29 (23.8%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas with pial artery supply and 93 (76.2%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas without pial arterial supply. Of patients with pial artery supply, 4 (13.8%) had posttreatment neurologic deficits, compared with 2 patients (2.2%) without pial artery supply ( P = .04). Imaging confirmed that 3 patients with pial artery supply (10.3%) had cerebral infarcts, compared with only 1 patient without pial artery supply (1.1%, P = .03). Increasing patient age was also positively associated with pial supply and treatment-related complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas supplied by the pial arteries were more likely to experience posttreatment complications, including ischemic strokes, than patients with no pial artery supply. The approach to dural arteriovenous fistula treatment should be made on a case-by-case basis so that the risk of complications can be minimized.

DAVF
:   dural arteriovenous fistula" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.W. Hetts" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Yen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.L. Cooke" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Nelson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Jolivalt" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Banaga" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.R. Amans" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C.F. Dowd" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.T. Higashida" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.T. Lawton" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Kim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V.V. Halbach" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-12-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Interventional" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Although intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas are principally supplied by dural branches of the external carotid, internal carotid, and vertebral arteries, they can also be fed by pial arteries that supply the brain. We sought to determine the frequency of neurologic deficits following treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with and without pial artery supply.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One hundred twenty-two consecutive patients who underwent treatment for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas at our hospital from 2008 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient data were examined for posttreatment neurologic deficits; patients with such deficits were evaluated for imaging evidence of cerebral infarction. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Of 122 treated patients, 29 (23.8%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas with pial artery supply and 93 (76.2%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas without pial arterial supply. Of patients with pial artery supply, 4 (13.8%) had posttreatment neurologic deficits, compared with 2 patients (2.2%) without pial artery supply (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .04). Imaging confirmed that 3 patients with pial artery supply (10.3%) had cerebral infarcts, compared with only 1 patient without pial artery supply (1.1%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .03). Increasing patient age was also positively associated with pial supply and treatment-related complications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas supplied by the pial arteries were more likely to experience posttreatment complications, including ischemic strokes, than patients with no pial artery supply. The approach to dural arteriovenous fistula treatment should be made on a case-by-case basis so that the risk of complications can be minimized.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2017/12/01" />
<meta name="citation_mjid" content="ajnr;38/12/2315" />
<meta name="citation_id" content="38/12/2315" />
<meta name="citation_public_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315" />
<meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315.abstract" />
<meta name="citation_full_html_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315.full" />
<meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/ajnr/38/12/2315.full.pdf" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5396" />
<meta name="citation_pmid" content="28970244" />
<meta name="citation_volume" content="38" />
<meta name="citation_issue" content="12" />
<meta name="citation_article_type" content="Research Article" />
<meta name="citation_section" content="Interventional" />
<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="2315" />
<meta name="citation_lastpage" content="2320" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="S.W. Hetts" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-7259" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="A. Yen" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bSchool of Medicine (A.Y., J.B.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-4845" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="D.L. Cooke" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-413X" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J. Nelson" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-473X" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="P. Jolivalt" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9157-9289" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="J. Banaga" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="bSchool of Medicine (A.Y., J.B.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-0570" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="M.R. Amans" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-0534" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="C.F. Dowd" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dNeurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eNeurology (C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2267-4244" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="R.T. Higashida" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dNeurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eNeurology (C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-2656" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="M.T. Lawton" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dNeurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8020-6388" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="H. Kim" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-354X" />
<meta name="citation_author" content="V.V. Halbach" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cDepartments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="dNeurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="eNeurology (C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California." />
<meta name="citation_author_orcid" content="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-2307" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Radiology;citation_author=TH. Newton;citation_author=S. Cronqvist;citation_title=Involvement of Dural Arteries in Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations;citation_pages=1071-1078;citation_volume=93;citation_year=1969;citation_issue=5;citation_pmid=5350675;citation_doi=10.1148/93.5.1071" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry;citation_author=IVMS Collaborators;citation_title=Differences between intracranial vascular malformation types in the characteristics of their presenting haemorrhages: prospective, population-based study;citation_volume=79;citation_year=2008;citation_pmid=17488785;citation_doi=10.1136/jnnp.2006.113753" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neurosurgical review;citation_journal_abbrev=Neurosurg Rev;citation_author=P. Lasjaunias;citation_author=C. Manelfe;citation_author=M. Chiu;citation_title=Angiographic architecture of intracranial vascular malformations and fistulas--pretherapeutic aspects.;citation_pages=253-263;citation_volume=9;citation_year=1986;citation_issue=4;citation_pmid=3614684;citation_doi=10.1007/BF01743632" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=Neurosurgery;citation_author=V. Singh;citation_author=WS. Smith;citation_author=MT. Lawton;citation_title=Risk factors for hemorrhagic presentation in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulae.;citation_pages=628-635;citation_volume=62;citation_year=2008;citation_issue=3;citation_pmid=18425010;citation_doi=10.1227/01.neu.0000317311.69697.fc" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=J Neurosurg;citation_author=JA. Borden;citation_author=JK. Wu;citation_author=WA. Shucart;citation_title=A proposed classification for spinal and cranial dural arteriovenous fistulous malformations and implications for treatment.;citation_pages=166-179;citation_volume=82;citation_year=1995;citation_issue=2;citation_pmid=7815143;citation_doi=10.3171/jns.1995.82.2.0166" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Radiology;citation_journal_abbrev=Radiology;citation_author=C. Cognard;citation_author=YP. Gobin;citation_author=L. Pierot;citation_title=Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage;citation_pages=671-680;citation_volume=194;citation_year=1995;citation_issue=3;citation_pmid=7862961;citation_doi=10.1148/radiology.194.3.7862961" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Stroke;citation_journal_abbrev=Stroke;citation_author=Joint Writing Group of the Technology Assessment Committee American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology; Joint Section on Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery a Section of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Section of Stroke and the Section of Interventional Neurology of the American Academy of Neurology;citation_title=Reporting Terminology for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Clinical and Radiographic Features for Use in Clinical Trials;citation_pages=1430-1442;citation_volume=32;citation_year=2001;citation_issue=6;citation_pmid=11387510;citation_doi=10.1161/01.STR.32.6.1430" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol;citation_author=SW. Hetts;citation_author=T. Tsai;citation_author=DL. Cooke;citation_title=Progressive versus nonprogressive intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: characteristics and outcomes;citation_volume=36;citation_year=2015;citation_pmid=26206813;citation_doi=10.3174/ajnr.A4391" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=Neurosurgery;citation_author=MT. Lawton;citation_author=H. Kim;citation_author=CE. McCullouch;citation_title=A supplementary grading scale for selecting patients with brain arteriovenous malformations for surgery.;citation_pages=702-713;citation_volume=66;citation_year=2010;citation_issue=4;citation_pmid=20190666;citation_doi=10.1227/01.NEU.0000367555.16733.E1" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=J Neurosurg;citation_author=RF. Spetzler;citation_author=NA. Martin;citation_title=A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations.;citation_pages=476-483;citation_volume=65;citation_year=1986;citation_issue=4;citation_pmid=3760956;citation_doi=10.3171/jns.1986.65.4.0476" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Neurointerv Surg;citation_author=YC. Hu;citation_author=CB. Newman;citation_author=SR. Dashti;citation_title=Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula: transarterial Onyx embolization experience and technical nuances;citation_volume=3;citation_year=2011;citation_pmid=21990779;citation_doi=10.1136/jnis.2010.003707" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=J Neurosurg;citation_author=Onyx Trial Investigators;citation_title=A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial of the Onyx liquid embolic system and N-butyl cyanoacrylate embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Clinical article.;citation_pages=733-741;citation_volume=113;citation_year=2010;citation_issue=4;citation_pmid=20433277;citation_doi=10.3171/2010.3.JNS09370" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neurosurgery clinics of North America;citation_journal_abbrev=Neurosurg Clin N Am;citation_author=K. McConnell;citation_author=S. Tjoumakaris;citation_author=J. Allen;citation_title=Neuroendovascular management of dural arteriovenous malformations.;citation_pages=431-439;citation_volume=20;citation_year=2009;citation_issue=4;citation_pmid=19853802;citation_doi=10.1016/j.nec.2009.07.014" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Neurosurg Sci;citation_author=F. Signorelli;citation_author=B. Gory;citation_author=R. Maduri;citation_title=Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a review of current management based on emerging knowledge;citation_pages=193-206;citation_volume=61;citation_year=2017;citation_pmid=25677401;citation_doi=10.23736/S0390-5616.16.03168-4" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_abbrev=Indian J Radiol Imaging;citation_author=R. Saraf;citation_author=M. Shrivastava;citation_author=N. Kumar;citation_title=Embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae with ONYX: Indications, techniques, and outcomes.;citation_pages=26-33;citation_volume=20;citation_year=2010;citation_issue=1;citation_pmid=20351988;citation_doi=10.4103/0971-3026.59748" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Neurosurg;citation_author=BA. Gross;citation_author=FC. Albuquerque;citation_author=K. Moon;citation_title=Evolution of treatment and a detailed analysis of occlusion, recurrence, and clinical outcomes in an endovascular library of 260 dural arteriovenous fistulas;citation_pages=1884-93;citation_volume=126;citation_year=2017;citation_pmid=27588586;citation_doi=10.3171/2016.5.JNS16331" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=World Neurosurg;citation_author=Q. Wu;citation_author=XS. Zhang;citation_author=HD. Wang;citation_title=Onyx embolization for tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula with pial arterial supply: case series and analysis of complications;citation_pages=58-64;citation_volume=92;citation_year=2016;citation_pmid=27108795;citation_doi=10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.033" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Journal of neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=J Neurosurg;citation_author=R. Uranishi;citation_author=H. Nakase;citation_author=T. Sakaki;citation_title=Expression of angiogenic growth factors in dural arteriovenous fistula.;citation_pages=781-786;citation_volume=91;citation_year=1999;citation_issue=5;citation_pmid=10541235;citation_doi=10.3171/jns.1999.91.5.0781" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_abbrev=Indian J Radiol Imaging;citation_author=A. Gupta;citation_author=A. Periakaruppan;citation_title=Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: A Review.;citation_pages=43-48;citation_volume=19;citation_year=2009;citation_issue=1;citation_pmid=19774139;citation_doi=10.4103/0971-3026.45344" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Neurological research;citation_journal_abbrev=Neurol Res;citation_author=Y. Shin;citation_author=H. Nakase;citation_author=M. Nakamura;citation_title=Expression of angiogenic growth factor in the rat DAVF model.;citation_pages=727-733;citation_volume=29;citation_year=2007;citation_issue=7;citation_pmid=17588308;citation_doi=10.1179/016164107X208077" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Clinical neurology and neurosurgery;citation_journal_abbrev=Clin Neurol Neurosurg;citation_author=W. Tirakotai;citation_author=H. Bertalanffy;citation_author=B. Liu-Guan;citation_title=Immunohistochemical study in dural arteriovenous fistulas and possible role of local hypoxia for the de novo formation of dural arteriovenous fistulas.;citation_pages=455-460;citation_volume=107;citation_year=2005;citation_issue=6;citation_pmid=16202817;citation_doi=10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.11.014" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=BMC Neurosci;citation_author=SS. Wang;citation_author=CH. Li;citation_author=XJ. Zhang;citation_title=Investigation of the mechanism of dural arteriovenous fistula formation induced by high intracranial venous pressure in a rabbit model;citation_pages=101;citation_volume=15;citation_year=2014;citation_pmid=25160131;citation_doi=10.1186/1471-2202-15-101" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=Mol Med Rep;citation_author=Q. Li;citation_author=Q. Zhang;citation_author=QH. Huang;citation_title=A pivotal role of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the formation of venous hypertension-induced dural arteriovenous fistulas;citation_pages=1551-58;citation_volume=9;citation_year=2014;citation_pmid=24626343;citation_doi=10.3892/mmr.2014.2037" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_abbrev=J Korean Neurosurg Soc;citation_author=JY. Lee;citation_author=YJ. Son;citation_author=KE. Kim;citation_title=Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas.;citation_pages=101-104;citation_volume=44;citation_year=2008;citation_issue=2;citation_pmid=19096703;citation_doi=10.3340/jkns.2008.44.2.101" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Neurointerv Surg;citation_author=S. Paramasivam;citation_author=N. Toma;citation_author=Y. Niimi;citation_title=De novo development of dural arteriovenous fistula after endovascular embolization of pial arteriovenous fistula;citation_volume=5;citation_year=2013;citation_pmid=22510457;citation_doi=10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010318" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol;citation_author=SW. Hetts;citation_author=K. Keenan;citation_author=HJ. Fullterton;citation_title=Pediatric intracranial nongalenic pial arteriovenous fistulas: clinical features, angioarchitecture, and outcomes;citation_volume=33;citation_year=2012;citation_pmid=22766672;citation_doi=10.3174/ajnr.A3194" />
<meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_journal_title=J Clin Neurosci;citation_author=TJ. Buell;citation_author=D. Ding;citation_author=RM. Starke;citation_title=Embolization-induced angiogenesis in cerebral arteriovenous malformations;citation_pages=1866-71;citation_volume=21;citation_year=2014;citation_pmid=25001989;citation_doi=10.1016/j.jocn.2014.04.010" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/38/12.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas are principally supplied by dural branches of the external carotid, internal carotid, and vertebral arteries, they can also be fed by pial arteries that supply the brain. We sought to determine the frequency of neurologic deficits following treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with and without pial artery supply.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-two consecutive patients who underwent treatment for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas at our hospital from 2008 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient data were examined for posttreatment neurologic deficits; patients with such deficits were evaluated for imaging evidence of cerebral infarction. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS: Of 122 treated patients, 29 (23.8%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas with pial artery supply and 93 (76.2%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas without pial arterial supply. Of patients with pial artery supply, 4 (13.8%) had posttreatment neurologic deficits, compared with 2 patients (2.2%) without pial artery supply ( P = .04). Imaging confirmed that 3 patients with pial artery supply (10.3%) had cerebral infarcts, compared with only 1 patient without pial artery supply (1.1%, P = .03). Increasing patient age was also positively associated with pial supply and treatment-related complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas supplied by the pial arteries were more likely to experience posttreatment complications, including ischemic strokes, than patients with no pial artery supply. The approach to dural arteriovenous fistula treatment should be made on a case-by-case basis so that the risk of complications can be minimized.

DAVF
:   dural arteriovenous fistula" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas are principally supplied by dural branches of the external carotid, internal carotid, and vertebral arteries, they can also be fed by pial arteries that supply the brain. We sought to determine the frequency of neurologic deficits following treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with and without pial artery supply.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-two consecutive patients who underwent treatment for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas at our hospital from 2008 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient data were examined for posttreatment neurologic deficits; patients with such deficits were evaluated for imaging evidence of cerebral infarction. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS: Of 122 treated patients, 29 (23.8%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas with pial artery supply and 93 (76.2%) had dural arteriovenous fistulas without pial arterial supply. Of patients with pial artery supply, 4 (13.8%) had posttreatment neurologic deficits, compared with 2 patients (2.2%) without pial artery supply ( P = .04). Imaging confirmed that 3 patients with pial artery supply (10.3%) had cerebral infarcts, compared with only 1 patient without pial artery supply (1.1%, P = .03). Increasing patient age was also positively associated with pial supply and treatment-related complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas supplied by the pial arteries were more likely to experience posttreatment complications, including ischemic strokes, than patients with no pial artery supply. The approach to dural arteriovenous fistula treatment should be made on a case-by-case basis so that the risk of complications can be minimized.

DAVF
:   dural arteriovenous fistula" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta name="og-image" property="og:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/38/12.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" title="Powerpoint" href="/content/38/12/2315.ppt" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/plain" title="Full Text (Plain)" href="/content/38/12/2315.full.txt" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" title="Full Text (PDF)" href="/content/38/12/2315.full.pdf" />
<link rel="canonical" href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315" />
<script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];window.dataLayer.push({"page":{"hwTitle":"Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas","hwUrl":"http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315","hwPath":"/content/38/12/2315/tab-references","hwType":"journal page"},"user":{"hwMemberID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID":"","hwLoggedIntoInstitution":"","hwAccessUsageTerms":"guest","hwRegisteredUser":"no","hwHasFullTextAccess":"yes","hwEntitled":"no"},"content":{"hwIssueDate":"2017-12-01","hwIssueDateTime":"2017-12-01 00:00:00","hwPublicationDate":"2017-12-15","hwPublicationDateTime":"2017-12-15 08:00:48","hwNlmArticleType":"research-article","hwDOI":"10.3174/ajnr.A5396","hwAuthors":"S.W. Hetts,A. Yen,D.L. Cooke,J. Nelson,P. Jolivalt,J. Banaga,M.R. Amans,C.F. Dowd,R.T. Higashida,M.T. Lawton,H. Kim,V.V. Halbach","hwContributors":"","hwIsEarlyRelease":"no","hwEissn":"1936-959X","hwPissn":"0195-6108","hwVolume":"38","hwIssue":"12","hwArticleType":"Interventional","hwTabView":"main_tab","hwViewType":"full","hwAccessType":"Free","hwOpenAccess":"no","hwFreeAccess":"yes","hwTaxonomy":"","hwCorpusCode":"ajnr","hwType":"article","hwSubtitle":null,"hwOverline":null,"hwPisaId":"ajnr;38/12/2315","hwFirstPage":"2315","hwLastPage":"2320","hwIsLatestVersion":"yes","hwIsCurrentIssue":"no","hwIsOpenIssue":"no","hwHasFullText":"yes","hwHasPDF":"yes","hwParentTitle":"American Journal of Neuroradiology: 38 (12)","hwElectronicPubDate":"2017-12-15","hwElectronicPubDateTime":"2017-12-15 08:00:48"}});
//--><!]]></script>
    <title>Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas | American Journal of Neuroradiology</title>  
    <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__BJ6Ou6QsBRtnFTmxaakamOIS8n4QswDP2XnnZ1sxtaM__NBuvkP6eInGIkb1aJvUHx5PX79XApuxBDkk_77W5tYk__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__azeXjFYQUa4gTbdEg4sgM2osudOlAYwVv6vNmRXI3ac__zr83wx5lNxUVx-jSIFm8RDKOeMAB7RbaBxriFHS3dt4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__Ep75tNOnm8H2Mejav16FnGCfM1sLwyporbQrCIgwg3g__vXGjszfa0bvxzymQ8Cfns-o2huFvm80jp3igN8XcYeI__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__TKi6DXKzgLPdEthh1Tnc63zY1QF4rLZHoM06Xy7VN6g__zaEHphFiBcrl8WVy_4n080y02dQ7HKxd_aqZbYgQ5Z0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/highwire.style.highwire.css?sycxuq" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__GCZYdoBJPkDPT11tDlq7l1SGMSI3i0pLRfwcRaDqjiw__1qMCzNFZKnaaDU1HkjUXfw159S5M5q2EDcw2MTzz3I4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__n6immcbFGHUyREsHs1QqY_W6CwI_fBjAiqk1kSw_TLk__OCnLRdd3X-ussp_qruJLv8g1F0mrp4lAVEWRv6BkGRo__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<style type="text/css" media="all">
/* <![CDATA[ */
#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom,#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom .eu-cookie-withdraw-banner,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{background:#000000;}#sliding-popup.sliding-popup-bottom.eu-cookie-withdraw-wrapper{background:transparent}#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h1,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h2,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text h3,#sliding-popup .popup-content #popup-text p,.eu-cookie-compliance-secondary-button,.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{color:#ffffff !important;}.eu-cookie-withdraw-tab{border-color:#ffffff;}.eu-cookie-compliance-more-button{color:#ffffff !important;}

/* ]]> */
</style>

<!--[if lte IE 7]>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__ElJr3PIJEvw3qLXc1cnYiLj2G4KgDPSXFOfm6Phf8hw__JdWGm15cDWjsK6KrFlQVXQix9YgNeYysf22XZHj-Y-c__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<![endif]-->
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__Wnlyen9qEpwh_Qaf9okEu4QdVGM0BDothxeqA6Nbvo8__EJmw6SZD9bYoS8jocCpPYS3JFRURpdzmuvJoAUNiI-g__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__nv7Hafs9UucfV8bmT4epWF4zWAFU2G9JLHVgOOHDqbA__k9QUw6MohZGXV0YlzqvUpPTbyzhbizsKOi4x3aA7Tx0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />

<!--[if (lt IE 9)&(!IEMobile)]>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__XH6bpcI0f2dImc-p674DLCZtWBGb-QwxJK1YexVGtno__vUceGprdo5nIhV6DH93X7fI3r8RcTJbChbas9TQXeW4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<![endif]-->

<!--[if gte IE 9]><!-->
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__2WBMox6sOrN42ss5lCnH7WWVRdFdJCxtTKnQJYRwTE4__yqNvNYLvMpjy3ffuJrjjm9uW2i-Me1c23KLYuWHaqio__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
<!--<![endif]-->
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css__wxg7u6KrkAKrph8zjmzjNAiqxtVP2vhMWX2NZ6DPPZE__ECvRNuvDf2Tm_Pc-j1mEkt48QjmIz2s2CyWDspWAhhI__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.css" media="all" />
    <script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
/*!
 * yepnope1.5.4
 * (c) WTFPL, GPLv2
 */
(function(a,b,c){function d(a){return"[object Function]"==o.call(a)}function e(a){return"string"==typeof a}function f(){}function g(a){return!a||"loaded"==a||"complete"==a||"uninitialized"==a}function h(){var a=p.shift();q=1,a?a.t?m(function(){("c"==a.t?B.injectCss:B.injectJs)(a.s,0,a.a,a.x,a.e,1)},0):(a(),h()):q=0}function i(a,c,d,e,f,i,j){function k(b){if(!o&&g(l.readyState)&&(u.r=o=1,!q&&h(),l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=null,b)){"img"!=a&&m(function(){t.removeChild(l)},50);for(var d in y[c])y[c].hasOwnProperty(d)&&y[c][d].onload()}}var j=j||B.errorTimeout,l=b.createElement(a),o=0,r=0,u={t:d,s:c,e:f,a:i,x:j};1===y[c]&&(r=1,y[c]=[]),"object"==a?l.data=c:(l.src=c,l.type=a),l.width=l.height="0",l.onerror=l.onload=l.onreadystatechange=function(){k.call(this,r)},p.splice(e,0,u),"img"!=a&&(r||2===y[c]?(t.insertBefore(l,s?null:n),m(k,j)):y[c].push(l))}function j(a,b,c,d,f){return q=0,b=b||"j",e(a)?i("c"==b?v:u,a,b,this.i++,c,d,f):(p.splice(this.i++,0,a),1==p.length&&h()),this}function k(){var a=B;return a.loader={load:j,i:0},a}var l=b.documentElement,m=a.setTimeout,n=b.getElementsByTagName("script")[0],o={}.toString,p=[],q=0,r="MozAppearance"in l.style,s=r&&!!b.createRange().compareNode,t=s?l:n.parentNode,l=a.opera&&"[object Opera]"==o.call(a.opera),l=!!b.attachEvent&&!l,u=r?"object":l?"script":"img",v=l?"script":u,w=Array.isArray||function(a){return"[object Array]"==o.call(a)},x=[],y={},z={timeout:function(a,b){return b.length&&(a.timeout=b[0]),a}},A,B;B=function(a){function b(a){var a=a.split("!"),b=x.length,c=a.pop(),d=a.length,c={url:c,origUrl:c,prefixes:a},e,f,g;for(f=0;f<d;f++)g=a[f].split("="),(e=z[g.shift()])&&(c=e(c,g));for(f=0;f<b;f++)c=x[f](c);return c}function g(a,e,f,g,h){var i=b(a),j=i.autoCallback;i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift(),i.bypass||(e&&(e=d(e)?e:e[a]||e[g]||e[a.split("/").pop().split("?")[0]]),i.instead?i.instead(a,e,f,g,h):(y[i.url]?i.noexec=!0:y[i.url]=1,f.load(i.url,i.forceCSS||!i.forceJS&&"css"==i.url.split(".").pop().split("?").shift()?"c":c,i.noexec,i.attrs,i.timeout),(d(e)||d(j))&&f.load(function(){k(),e&&e(i.origUrl,h,g),j&&j(i.origUrl,h,g),y[i.url]=2})))}function h(a,b){function c(a,c){if(a){if(e(a))c||(j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}),g(a,j,b,0,h);else if(Object(a)===a)for(n in m=function(){var b=0,c;for(c in a)a.hasOwnProperty(c)&&b++;return b}(),a)a.hasOwnProperty(n)&&(!c&&!--m&&(d(j)?j=function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments);k.apply(this,a),l()}:j[n]=function(a){return function(){var b=[].slice.call(arguments);a&&a.apply(this,b),l()}}(k[n])),g(a[n],j,b,n,h))}else!c&&l()}var h=!!a.test,i=a.load||a.both,j=a.callback||f,k=j,l=a.complete||f,m,n;c(h?a.yep:a.nope,!!i),i&&c(i)}var i,j,l=this.yepnope.loader;if(e(a))g(a,0,l,0);else if(w(a))for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)j=a[i],e(j)?g(j,0,l,0):w(j)?B(j):Object(j)===j&&h(j,l);else Object(a)===a&&h(a,l)},B.addPrefix=function(a,b){z[a]=b},B.addFilter=function(a){x.push(a)},B.errorTimeout=1e4,null==b.readyState&&b.addEventListener&&(b.readyState="loading",b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A=function(){b.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",A,0),b.readyState="complete"},0)),a.yepnope=k(),a.yepnope.executeStack=h,a.yepnope.injectJs=function(a,c,d,e,i,j){var k=b.createElement("script"),l,o,e=e||B.errorTimeout;k.src=a;for(o in d)k.setAttribute(o,d[o]);c=j?h:c||f,k.onreadystatechange=k.onload=function(){!l&&g(k.readyState)&&(l=1,c(),k.onload=k.onreadystatechange=null)},m(function(){l||(l=1,c(1))},e),i?k.onload():n.parentNode.insertBefore(k,n)},a.yepnope.injectCss=function(a,c,d,e,g,i){var e=b.createElement("link"),j,c=i?h:c||f;e.href=a,e.rel="stylesheet",e.type="text/css";for(j in d)e.setAttribute(j,d[j]);g||(n.parentNode.insertBefore(e,n),m(c,0))}})(this,document);

//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/all/libraries/modernizr/modernizr.min.js?sycxuq"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
yepnope({
  test: Modernizr.matchmedia,
  nope: '/sites/all/libraries/media-match/media.match.min.js'
});
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__wH8myWXKi4A-QKdUKDXzJAnGs-FRS1A2ZzTTNzjRAdI__4MCtOZK_Ov0QKyRlXNLGQ2LRlYRGWj9ArT-NpFox3QA__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var googletag = googletag || {};
googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];
googletag.slots = googletag.slots || {};
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__9ici6QMeDS-cROq8R0RhuICsMGMP2wcJZNQQFsqQi44__kScSwG4RXGl1LXnj4qqt0ZxtNX4Gh2TK5W-o8Uup4SA__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__fwhbnUWIxW-jFl55E2mBYVtZTjGhJ1JWyZYAJ2cEd3A__jCrCuWCJIPYPe1FzZoUvsJWEjkNMmRIQHYek1h7idBE__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
googletag.slots["rhs"] = googletag.defineSlot("/446583111/RHS_300x250", [300, 250], "dfp-ad-rhs")
  .addService(googletag.pubads());
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__UR8BHznwml64Vq0ijSGFwlm-xe9ttj1aripHInFCOLw__irCalsu-H_fRTOPqjyCv1O8Ax7fqY6DDf-uMOV1dvGY__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
  .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90])
  .addSize([0, 0], [300, 50])
  .build();
googletag.slots["bottom_leaderboard"] = googletag.defineSlot("/446583111/Bottom_Banner_728x90", [[728, 90], [300, 50]], "dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard")
  .addService(googletag.pubads())
  .defineSizeMapping(mapping);
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__bQc6kyz_Gw2afC1F6wguCBh8Z8nev-hxX6F2Tw4bq6k__CO2faEsYCquY82rVj6as9HScSnogGHeR-oh5fSQydG0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping()
  .addSize([768, 0], [728, 90])
  .addSize([0, 0], [300, 50])
  .build();
googletag.slots["top_leaderboard"] = googletag.defineSlot("/446583111/Top_Leaderboard_728x90", [[728, 90], [300, 50]], "dfp-ad-top_leaderboard")
  .addService(googletag.pubads())
  .defineSizeMapping(mapping);
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__wS6WUeF11NLeJgCqxc-dMvjhALAMQG1jlaeWdG8yVZc__CPiombDS21ooaYdmqHXdcMoJwB2FMn18JzO97LewQxc__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
document.createElement( "picture" );
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__UK1ygaa8bCfT-jsjqYRdRLDZ5N17950T7K5WPC9XtpI__NqLYT1T1SMBsKukLWIe82VgCZYYCMHZX_f609-a1rj8__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
googletag.cmd.push(function() {
  googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering();
  googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();
  googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();
  googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded", function (event) {
    if (event.isEmpty) {
      var id = event.slot.getSlotElementId();
      var x = document.getElementById(id);
      if (x.parentElement.classList.contains("dfp-tag-wrapper")) {
        x.parentElement.style.display = "none";
      }
    }
  });
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwTitle", "Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwUrl", "http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwPath", "/content/38/12/2315/tab-references");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("page:hwType", "journal page");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwAccessUsageTerms", "guest");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwRegisteredUser", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwHasFullTextAccess", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("user:hwEntitled", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDate", "2017-12-01");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssueDateTime", "2017-12-01 00:00:00");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDate", "2017-12-15");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPublicationDateTime", "2017-12-15 08:00:48");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwNlmArticleType", "research-article");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwDOI", "10.3174/ajnr.A5396");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwAuthors", ["S.W. Hetts","A. Yen","D.L. Cooke","J. Nelson","P. Jolivalt","J. Banaga","M.R. Amans","C.F. Dowd","R.T. Higashida","M.T. Lawton","H. Kim","V.V. Halbach"]);
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsEarlyRelease", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwEissn", "1936-959X");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPissn", "0195-6108");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwVolume", "38");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIssue", "12");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwArticleType", "Interventional");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwTabView", "main_tab");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwViewType", "full");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwAccessType", "Free");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwOpenAccess", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwFreeAccess", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwCorpusCode", "ajnr");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwType", "article");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwPisaId", "ajnr;38/12/2315");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwFirstPage", "2315");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwLastPage", "2320");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsLatestVersion", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsCurrentIssue", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwIsOpenIssue", "no");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasFullText", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwHasPDF", "yes");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwParentTitle", "American Journal of Neuroradiology: 38 (12)");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDate", "2017-12-15");
  googletag.pubads().setTargeting("content:hwElectronicPubDateTime", "2017-12-15 08:00:48");
});

googletag.enableServices();
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__3vwOA0BwlnyBkt9H4CLg6FgNyKAh--OmfOxFOIu_5S4__EXTgktcHbQ7BQfelY6CnrqgPRc4i4eD6XcZ4i3xs5RU__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_js/casa.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__9KVl25y7_YSWsHd8MJxANuoBa2gQO2D6JActjFaWm7Y__xYFBh175l8jQKFw3m-HycL27WpXn5AhyqmE54lX1y5k__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?hl=en&amp;render=explicit&amp;onload=drupalRecaptchaOnload"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__4ykqVVdSaGtVGauctG3E3Uojp_237f35KQ7wMtKX9S4__4JHByHSitU6UdWxmWARTSoZyB2PFgzkw__raxGdvbvk__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--

      $(document).ready(function() {
          $.getJSON("//www.deepdyve.com/rental-link?docId=10.3174/ajnr.A5396&journal=1936-959X&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=asnr&format=jsonp&callback=?", function(data) {
            if (data.status === "ok") {
              // Update the href url so it goes straight to the article page
              $(".js-deepdyve-link a").attr("href", data.url);
              $(".js-deepdyve-link").show();
            } else if (data.status === "not_found") {
              $(".js-deepdyve-link").hide();
            }
          });
        });
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__msHj38UGaDSh75fm0y4NZQL34TdP45x2BK1FdKTv6ZM__C89OzFxPAWvHKPA2LSTrninkZhH68bcfaE1RL2F3atw__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//cdn.jsdelivr.net/qtip2/2.2.1/jquery.qtip.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__DB1qE9oPA7BmkZgUlfWOGlpBCMBBy9vo9Y3Q5EVKkjg__qxHOHuuCB_A7KuBHI2XD3Xrp0bLFZN25UhOoa5zY4OQ__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-4CRTLTY8KW"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments)};gtag("js", new Date());gtag("set", "developer_id.dMDhkMT", true);gtag("config", "G-4CRTLTY8KW", {"groups":"default","anonymize_ip":true});
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__xwmR_XUqgIHdKocIkn2GiqYMVWJ0gY7OwpoARPRxEYM__CdSkXbn46iKUJfVct1nUx50N8MQ35eZOCMya9EuGbeU__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__156__G_TX0wWbp2x4EuISKOgbs4NaeHZ2KmXq85T6UI__w2izI_4UeJKq2XZJo79kNkQyxp_-2ptYjzA3YJcr-tg__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__az53Pz-SG0wejB-7UDzC-AbKqNFb4dAiZbq9Ymbj0sY__8FyXs8A34T1jX6OUXsgX27-4ASoy8QDncslXiOc2PK4__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
jQuery.extend(Drupal.settings, {"basePath":"\/","pathPrefix":"","ajaxPageState":{"theme":"jcore_1","theme_token":"f0u_qkfmN5n4yOQSTQJk2vTlPkwNm9lygzRPXj7g5_Y","js":{"sites\/all\/libraries\/modernizr\/modernizr.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/jquery\/1.8\/jquery.min.js":1,"misc\/jquery-extend-3.4.0.js":1,"misc\/jquery.once.js":1,"misc\/drupal.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.core.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.widget.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.button.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.mouse.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.draggable.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.position.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.resizable.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.dialog.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.tooltip.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/jquery_update\/replace\/ui\/ui\/minified\/jquery.ui.accordion.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/jquery.bgiframe\/jquery.bgiframe.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/jquery.hoverIntent\/jquery.hoverIntent.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/superfish\/superfish.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/nice_menus\/js\/nice_menus.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/js\/jquery.cookie-1.4.1.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.equal-heights.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.panels-ajax-tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/colorbox\/jquery.colorbox-min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/js\/colorbox.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.js":1,"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar_js\/casa.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_log\/highwire_log.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/js\/highwire_user_meta.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab\/js\/panels_ajax_tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/captcha\/captcha.js":1,"misc\/textarea.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/recaptcha\/js\/recaptcha.js":1,"https:\/\/www.google.com\/recaptcha\/api.js?hl=en\u0026render=explicit\u0026onload=drupalRecaptchaOnload":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_citation\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_citation_export.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_share_dialog.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/minipanel_dialog_link.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/clipboard.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_clipboard.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/service_links\/js\/twitter_button.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/service_links\/js\/facebook_like.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/service_links\/js\/google_plus_one.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_article_nav.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_nav_float.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_citing_links.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_search\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_search_similar_articles.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_accordion\/js\/panels_accordion.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.article-citation-access.js":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/2.2.1\/jquery.qtip.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.article-citation-author-tooltip.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/plugins\/styles\/highwire_responsive_toggle\/highwire_responsive_toggle.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_analytics\/googleanalytics.js":1,"https:\/\/www.googletagmanager.com\/gtag\/js?id=G-4CRTLTY8KW":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/js\/theme-scripts.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/js\/highwire-mediaqueries.js":1,"sites\/all\/libraries\/enquire.js\/enquire.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picturefill2\/picturefill.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture.min.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_panels_ajax_tab.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/highwire_markup_process\/js\/highwire_google_scholar_sprinkle.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/plugins\/content_types\/js\/highwire_user_salutation.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/js\/eu_cookie_compliance.js":1,"http:\/\/securepubads.g.doubleclick.net\/tag\/js\/gpt.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/js\/highwire.gtranslate.js":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_datalayer\/js\/highwire_datalayer.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/jquery.formalize.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-mediaqueries.js":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/js\/omega-equalheights.js":1},"css":{"modules\/system\/system.base.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.menus.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.messages.css":1,"modules\/system\/system.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.core.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.theme.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.button.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.resizable.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.dialog.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.tooltip.css":1,"misc\/ui\/jquery.ui.accordion.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_api\/date.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/date\/date_popup\/themes\/datepicker.1.7.css":1,"modules\/field\/theme\/field.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_draw\/css\/highwire-draw.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_folders\/highwire_folders.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/css\/highwire-responsive.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_saved_searches\/highwire_saved_searches.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_user\/highwire_user.css":1,"modules\/node\/node.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/picture\/picture_wysiwyg.css":1,"modules\/search\/search.css":1,"modules\/user\/user.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/views\/css\/views.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ckeditor\/css\/ckeditor.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/colorbox\/styles\/default\/colorbox_style.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/ctools\/css\/ctools.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/google_admanager\/google_admanager.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire.style.highwire.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/nlm-elements.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/css\/panels.css":1,"public:\/\/ctools\/css\/263bfdb18936424f0ade19d6bd885f37.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab\/css\/panels_ajax_tab.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/layouts\/highwire_2col_stacked\/highwire-2col-stacked.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/forward\/forward.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_share_link.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_copy_permalink.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire.style.markup.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_citing_links.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/plugins\/content_types\/css\/highwire_reports_feed.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire-article-citation-list.css":1,"\/\/cdn.jsdelivr.net\/qtip2\/2.2.1\/jquery.qtip.min.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_responsive\/plugins\/styles\/highwire_responsive_toggle\/highwire_responsive_toggle.css.less":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/nice_menus\/css\/nice_menus.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/nice_menus\/css\/nice_menus_default.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels\/plugins\/layouts\/onecol\/onecol.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/eu_cookie_compliance\/css\/eu_cookie_compliance.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire.gtranslate.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/highwire_theme_tools\/css\/font-hwicons-glyphs.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/eu_cookie_compliance.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/font-awesome-ie7.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-reset.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-mobile.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/alpha\/css\/alpha-alpha.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/formalize.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-text.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-branding.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-menu.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/contrib\/omega\/omega\/css\/omega-forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/highwire\/highwire\/css\/highwire-forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/mobile-reset.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/font-awesome.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/forms.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/global.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jquery-ui-elements.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/text.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/eletters.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/colors.css.less":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-normal.css":1,"ie::normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/normal\/jcore-default-normal-30.css":1,"narrow::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"narrow::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-narrow.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/narrow\/jcore-default-narrow-30.css":1,"normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"normal::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-normal.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/normal\/jcore-default-normal-30.css":1,"wide::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default.css":1,"wide::sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/jcore-1-jcore-default-wide.css":1,"sites\/all\/themes\/highwire\/jcore_1\/css\/grid\/jcore_default\/wide\/jcore-default-wide-30.css":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_ajnr_styles\/css\/jnl-ajnr-styles.css.less":1,"sites\/all\/modules\/shared\/jnl_ajnr_styles\/css\/jnl-ajnr-breakpoints.css.less":1}},"colorbox":{"opacity":"0.85","current":"{current} of {total}","previous":"\u00ab Prev","next":"Next \u00bb","close":"Close","maxWidth":"98%","maxHeight":"98%","fixed":true,"mobiledetect":true,"mobiledevicewidth":"480px"},"highwire":{"markup":[{"requested":"short-text","variant":"abstract","view":"abstract","pisa":"ajnr;38\/12\/2315"},{"requested":"short-text","variant":"abstract","view":"abstract","pisa":"ajnr;38\/12\/2315"},{"requested":"index","variant":"index","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A5396\/DC1"},{"requested":"full-text","variant":"full-text","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;38\/12\/2315"},{"requested":"full-text","variant":"full-text","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;38\/12\/2315"},{"requested":"ref-links","variant":"ref-links","view":"ref-links","pisa":"ajnr;38\/12\/2315"},{"requested":"full-text","variant":"full-text","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;38\/12\/2315"},{"requested":"index","variant":"index","view":"full","pisa":"ajnr;ajnr.A5396\/DC1"}],"nid":"57331","apath":"\/ajnr\/38\/12\/2315.atom","pisa":"ajnr;38\/12\/2315","modal_window_width":"560","share_modal_width":"560","share_modal_title":"Share this Article","ac":{"ajnr;38\/12\/2315":{"access":{"full":true},"pisa_id":"ajnr;38\/12\/2315","apath":"","jcode":"ajnr"}},"dataLayer":"{\u0022page\u0022:{\u0022hwTitle\u0022:\u0022Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas\u0022,\u0022hwUrl\u0022:\u0022http:\\\/\\\/ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org\\\/content\\\/38\\\/12\\\/2315\u0022,\u0022hwPath\u0022:\u0022\\\/content\\\/38\\\/12\\\/2315\\\/tab-references\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022journal page\u0022},\u0022user\u0022:{\u0022hwMemberID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitutionID\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwLoggedIntoInstitution\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwAccessUsageTerms\u0022:\u0022guest\u0022,\u0022hwRegisteredUser\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullTextAccess\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwEntitled\u0022:\u0022no\u0022},\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022hwIssueDate\u0022:\u00222017-12-01\u0022,\u0022hwIssueDateTime\u0022:\u00222017-12-01 00:00:00\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDate\u0022:\u00222017-12-15\u0022,\u0022hwPublicationDateTime\u0022:\u00222017-12-15 08:00:48\u0022,\u0022hwNlmArticleType\u0022:\u0022research-article\u0022,\u0022hwDOI\u0022:\u002210.3174\\\/ajnr.A5396\u0022,\u0022hwAuthors\u0022:\u0022S.W. Hetts,A. Yen,D.L. Cooke,J. Nelson,P. Jolivalt,J. Banaga,M.R. Amans,C.F. Dowd,R.T. Higashida,M.T. Lawton,H. Kim,V.V. Halbach\u0022,\u0022hwContributors\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwIsEarlyRelease\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwEissn\u0022:\u00221936-959X\u0022,\u0022hwPissn\u0022:\u00220195-6108\u0022,\u0022hwVolume\u0022:\u002238\u0022,\u0022hwIssue\u0022:\u002212\u0022,\u0022hwArticleType\u0022:\u0022Interventional\u0022,\u0022hwTabView\u0022:\u0022main_tab\u0022,\u0022hwViewType\u0022:\u0022full\u0022,\u0022hwAccessType\u0022:\u0022Free\u0022,\u0022hwOpenAccess\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwFreeAccess\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwTaxonomy\u0022:\u0022\u0022,\u0022hwCorpusCode\u0022:\u0022ajnr\u0022,\u0022hwType\u0022:\u0022article\u0022,\u0022hwSubtitle\u0022:null,\u0022hwOverline\u0022:null,\u0022hwPisaId\u0022:\u0022ajnr;38\\\/12\\\/2315\u0022,\u0022hwFirstPage\u0022:\u00222315\u0022,\u0022hwLastPage\u0022:\u00222320\u0022,\u0022hwIsLatestVersion\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwIsCurrentIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwIsOpenIssue\u0022:\u0022no\u0022,\u0022hwHasFullText\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwHasPDF\u0022:\u0022yes\u0022,\u0022hwParentTitle\u0022:\u0022American Journal of Neuroradiology: 38 (12)\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDate\u0022:\u00222017-12-15\u0022,\u0022hwElectronicPubDateTime\u0022:\u00222017-12-15 08:00:48\u0022}}"},"highwire_panel_tabs":[{"panel_name":"jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf","panel_ajax_tab":"jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf"}],"panel_ajax_tab":{"path":"sites\/all\/modules\/contrib\/panels_ajax_tab"},"urlIsAjaxTrusted":{"\/content\/38\/12\/2315\/tab-references":true},"ws_fl":{"width":100,"height":21},"ws_gpo":{"size":"","annotation":"","lang":"","callback":"","width":300},"highwire_search_similar_articles":{"highwire-search-similar-articles-list-1":{"conf":{"context":"requiredcontext_entity:node_1","override_title":1,"override_title_text":"\u003Ci class=\u0022icon-caret-right\u0022\u003E\u003C\/i\u003E Similar Articles","number_per_page":"5","show_pager":0,"more_link_path":"similar\/articles","more_link":1,"empty_message":"No similar articles are available.","citation_style":"jcore_standard","title_type":"prefer_short","title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"display_cme_link":0,"display_access_indicator_text":0,"display_highlight_image":"0","display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"override_title_heading":"h2","citation_settings_source":"citation_manager","citation_manager_wrapper":{"citation_manager_citation":"jcore_list_title_only"},"corpus_config_wrapper":{"corpus_config_citation_context":[]},"cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_variant":"large","featured_image_click_image":"colorbox","display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":0,"display_ads_search_tooltip":0,"display_agricola_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"","display_translations":0,"display_translations_text":"","display_translations_text_icon":"","bundle_overrides_checkboxes":{"highwire_book_fragment":{"selector":0},"highwire_news_story":{"selector":0},"highwire_book_edition":{"selector":0},"highwire_article":{"selector":0},"highwire_issue":{"selector":0},"highwire_comment":{"selector":0},"highwire_fragment":{"selector":0},"highwire_book_section":{"selector":0},"highwire_journal":{"selector":0}},"bundle_overrides":{"highwire_book_fragment":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"jcore_title_and_author","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":"0","access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"thumbnail","display_fragment_caption":1,"display_parent_citation":1,"parent_citation_type":"highwire_book_section","parent_citation_settings":{"citation_style":"folio_book_sections_standard","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"}},"highwire_news_story":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":"0","highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":0,"display_pubmed_tooltip":0,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":0},"highwire_book_edition":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"folio_books_standard","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"},"highwire_article":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":0,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":"0","highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_variant":"large","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_cme_link":0,"display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"display_ads_search_tooltip":0,"display_agricola_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/","display_translations":0,"display_translations_text":"Translations Available","display_translations_text_icon":"icon-globe"},"highwire_issue":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"},"highwire_comment":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"highwire_comment","show_title":0,"title_as_link":0,"title_as_link_type":"tab_view","author_format_type":"fullname","author_format_custom":"","author_list_separator":", ","date_format":"(j F Y)","display_comment_body":1,"display_attachment":1,"display_conflict_of_interest":1},"highwire_fragment":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"jcore_title_and_author","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":"0","access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_fragment_caption":1,"fragment_image_settings":{"fragment_image_variant":"medium","fragment_click_image":"colorbox","show_download_links":1},"display_parent_citation":1,"parent_citation_type":"highwire_article","parent_citation_settings":{"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":0,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":"0","highlight_image_style":"","featured_image_variant":"large","featured_image_click_image":"nothing","display_cme_link":0,"display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":1,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"display_ads_search_tooltip":0,"display_agricola_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/","display_translations":0,"display_translations_text":"Translations Available","display_translations_text_icon":"icon-globe"}},"highwire_book_section":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"folio_book_sections_standard","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_abstract_tooltip":0,"display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"},"highwire_journal":{"selector":0,"citation_style":"mla","cache_enabled":1,"cache_time":"600","title_type":"full","short_title_options":{"char_count":"50","add_ellipsis":0},"title_as_link":0,"display_subtitle":0,"choose_pubdate":"ppubdate","display_markup_snippet":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"display_original_link":0,"display_access_indicator":0,"access_indicator_settings":{"open_access":{"icon":"icon-unlock","title":"Open Access"},"user_access":{"icon":"icon-ok-sign","title":"You have access"},"no_access":{"icon":"icon-lock","title":"Restricted access"}},"display_variants":0,"display_supplements":0,"pdf_download":{"display_pdf_download":0,"pdf_download_icon":"icon-cloud-download","pdf_download_text":"PDF"},"include_on_behalf":1,"cpath_prefix":"\/content","show_mark_citation":0,"display_infotrieve_link":0,"infotrieve_link_settings":{"icon":"icon-usd","link_caption":"Order full text via Infotrieve"},"display_highlight_image":0,"highlight_image_style":"","display_author_tooltip":0,"display_google_scholar_tooltip":1,"display_pubmed_tooltip":1,"display_advanced_search_tooltip":1,"display_author_landing_page_tooltip":0,"display_orcid_tooltip":1,"author_site_search_path":"search\/"}},"cpath_prefix":"\/content","ajax_loading_icon_classes":"icon-spinner icon-spin icon-2x","ajax_loading_text":"","highlight_image_toggle":0,"more_link_label":"See more","url_parameters":{"q":"node\/57331","panels_ajax_tab_tab":"jnl_ajnr_tab_refs","panels_ajax_tab_trigger":"tab-references"}},"nid":"57331"}},"panels_accordion":{"highwire_article_accordion_container":{"heightStyle":"content","autoHeight":false,"collapsible":0,"region_accordion_id":"highwire_article_accordion_container","active":0,"animated":"slide"}},"color":{"logo":"http:\/\/ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ajnr-web-logo_0.png"},"instances":"{\u0022highwire_abstract_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:20,\u0022height\u0022:20,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-abstract-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022right center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022left center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022shift\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter click \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_author_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-author-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022bottom center\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}},\u0022highwire_reflinks_tooltip\u0022:{\u0022content\u0022:{\u0022text\u0022:\u0022\u0022},\u0022style\u0022:{\u0022tip\u0022:{\u0022width\u0022:15,\u0022height\u0022:15,\u0022border\u0022:1,\u0022mimic\u0022:\u0022top center\u0022,\u0022offset\u0022:0,\u0022corner\u0022:true},\u0022classes\u0022:\u0022qtip-custom hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip qtip-shadow qtip-rounded\u0022,\u0022classes_custom\u0022:\u0022hw-tooltip hw-ref-link-tooltip\u0022},\u0022position\u0022:{\u0022at\u0022:\u0022bottom left\u0022,\u0022my\u0022:\u0022top left\u0022,\u0022viewport\u0022:true,\u0022adjust\u0022:{\u0022method\u0022:\u0022flip\u0022}},\u0022show\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseenter \u0022,\u0022solo\u0022:true},\u0022hide\u0022:{\u0022event\u0022:\u0022mouseleave \u0022,\u0022fixed\u0022:1,\u0022delay\u0022:\u0022100\u0022}}}","qtipDebug":"{\u0022leaveElement\u0022:0}","nice_menus_options":{"delay":800,"speed":"fast"},"highwireResponsive":{"enquire_enabled":1,"breakpoints_configured":1,"breakpoints":{"zero":"all and (min-width: 0px)","xsmall":"all and (min-width: 380px)","narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}},"eu_cookie_compliance":{"popup_enabled":1,"popup_agreed_enabled":0,"popup_hide_agreed":false,"popup_clicking_confirmation":true,"popup_scrolling_confirmation":false,"popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EWe use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience. By clicking any link on this page you are giving your consent for us to set cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n        class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n        class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","use_mobile_message":false,"mobile_popup_html_info":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Continue\u0022\n        class=\u0022agree-button eu-cookie-compliance-default-button\u0022\u003EContinue\u003C\/button\u003E\n                  \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 role=\u0022dialog\u0022 aria-labelledby=\u0022Find out more\u0022\n        class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button\u0022\u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","mobile_breakpoint":"768","popup_html_agreed":"\u003Cdiv\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content agreed\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003EThank you for accepting cookies. You can now hide this message or find out more about cookies.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022hide-popup-button eu-cookie-compliance-hide-button\u0022\u003EHide\u003C\/button\u003E\n              \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022find-more-button eu-cookie-compliance-more-button-thank-you\u0022 \u003EFind out more\u003C\/button\u003E\n          \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E","popup_use_bare_css":false,"popup_height":"auto","popup_width":"100%","popup_delay":1000,"popup_link":"\/help\/cookie-policy","popup_link_new_window":1,"popup_position":null,"popup_language":"en","store_consent":false,"better_support_for_screen_readers":0,"reload_page":0,"domain":"","popup_eu_only_js":0,"cookie_lifetime":365,"cookie_session":false,"disagree_do_not_show_popup":0,"method":"default","whitelisted_cookies":"","withdraw_markup":"\u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-tab\u0022\u003EPrivacy settings\u003C\/button\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-banner\u0022\u003E\n  \u003Cdiv class=\u0022popup-content info\u0022\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-text\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cp\u003E\u0026lt;h2\u0026gt;We use cookies on this site to enhance your user experience\u0026lt;\/h2\u0026gt;\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;You have given your consent for us to set cookies.\u0026lt;\/p\u0026gt;\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n    \u003Cdiv id=\u0022popup-buttons\u0022\u003E\n      \u003Cbutton type=\u0022button\u0022 class=\u0022eu-cookie-withdraw-button\u0022\u003EWithdraw consent\u003C\/button\u003E\n    \u003C\/div\u003E\n  \u003C\/div\u003E\n\u003C\/div\u003E\n","withdraw_enabled":false},"googleanalytics":{"account":["G-4CRTLTY8KW"],"trackOutbound":1,"trackMailto":1,"trackDownload":1,"trackDownloadExtensions":"7z|aac|arc|arj|asf|asx|avi|bin|csv|doc(x|m)?|dot(x|m)?|exe|flv|gif|gz|gzip|hqx|jar|jpe?g|js|mp(2|3|4|e?g)|mov(ie)?|msi|msp|pdf|phps|png|ppt(x|m)?|pot(x|m)?|pps(x|m)?|ppam|sld(x|m)?|thmx|qtm?|ra(m|r)?|sea|sit|tar|tgz|torrent|txt|wav|wma|wmv|wpd|xls(x|m|b)?|xlt(x|m)|xlam|xml|z|zip","trackColorbox":1},"omega":{"layouts":{"primary":"normal","order":["narrow","normal","wide"],"queries":{"narrow":"all and (min-width: 768px) and (min-device-width: 768px), (max-device-width: 800px) and (min-width: 768px) and (orientation:landscape)","normal":"all and (min-width: 980px) and (min-device-width: 980px), all and (max-device-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 1024px) and (orientation:landscape)","wide":"all and (min-width: 1220px)"}}}});
//--><!]]>
</script>
    <!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]-->
  </head>
  <body class="html not-front not-logged-in page-node page-node- page-node-57331 node-type-highwire-article context-content hw-default-jcode-ajnr hw-article-type-research-article hw-article-category-interventional">
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MXP45WNH" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<script type="text/javascript">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];var j=d.createElement(s);var dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;j.type='text/javascript';j.async=true;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MXP45WNH');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
    <div id="skip-link">
      <a href="#main-content" class="element-invisible element-focusable">Skip to main content</a>
    </div>
    <div class="region region-page-top" id="region-page-top">
  <div class="region-inner region-page-top-inner">
      </div>
</div>    <div class="page clearfix footer-borders panels-page panels-layout-jcore_2col" id="page">
      <header id="section-header" class="section section-header">
  <div id="zone-advertising-top-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-advertising-top-wrapper clearfix">  
  <div id="zone-advertising-top" class="zone zone-advertising-top clearfix container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-ad-top" id="region-ad-top">
  <div class="region-inner region-ad-top-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini mobile-hiddens rtecenter block-jnl-ajnr-ad-leaderboard block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-leaderboard odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-leaderboard">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_ad_leaderboard">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane text-center" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="dfp-ad-top_leaderboard-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
<div class="slug">Advertisement</div>
<div  id="dfp-ad-top_leaderboard" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
  <script type="text/javascript">
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
      googletag.display("dfp-ad-top_leaderboard");
    });
  </script>
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div><div id="zone-superheader-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-superheader-wrapper clearfix mobile-only print-hidden">  
  <div id="zone-superheader" class="zone zone-superheader clearfix mobile-only print-hidden container-30">
    <div class="grid-30 region region-superheader" id="region-superheader">
  <div class="region-inner region-superheader-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini block-responsive-menu block-panels-mini-responsive-menu odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-responsive-menu">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div id="unique-id3" class="highwire-responsive-toggle-group"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-responsive-menu-main-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-reorder"></span><span class="element-invisible">Main menu</span></h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu_main_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-menu-tree pane-main-menu" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-ctools-main-menu-1 menu-name-main-menu parent-mlid-main-menu:0 menu-level-1">
  <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-772" role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li>
<li class="expanded active-trail menu-mlid-773" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="active active-trail" data-icon-position="">Content</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first expanded menu-mlid-774" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Current Issue</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1747" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/preprint" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Preprint</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-775" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/recent" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Ahead of Print</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-776" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Past Issue Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-900" role="menuitem"><a href="/cow/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Week Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1006" role="menuitem"><a href="/cc/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Classic Case Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-901" role="menuitem"><a href="/com/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Month Archive</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1334" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/content/covid-19-content-and-resources" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">COVID-19 Content and Resources</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="expanded menu-mlid-784" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About Us</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-785" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/About" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">About AJNR</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-899" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/page/content/Ed-Board" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Editorial Board</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-864" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.asnr.org" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">American Society of Neuroradiology</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="expanded menu-mlid-1746" role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">For Authors</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1725" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/author-policies" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Author Policies</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1856" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/preprint_publishing" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Preprint Publishing</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1726" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/manuscript-submission-guidelines" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Manuscript Submission Guidelines</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-862" role="menuitem"><a href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ajnr" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">Submit a Manuscript</a></li>
<li class="expanded menu-mlid-1184" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Special Collections</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-1733" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/CSF-Spinal-Leak" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-1185" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/most-impactful-ajnr-articles" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Most Impactful AJNR Articles</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-1896" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/2024-Awards" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">2024 AJNR Journal Awards</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
<li class="last expanded menu-mlid-788" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/advertising" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-780" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribers</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-863" role="menuitem"><a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/details/journal/122810747" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Permissions</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-782" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Ads" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Advertisers</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-790" role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-791" role="menuitem"><a href="/feedback" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Feedback</a></li>
</ul></nav></li>
</ul></nav></div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-responsive-menu-user-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-gear"></span><span class="element-invisible">User menu</span></h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu_user_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-menu-tree pane-user-menu" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="menu-block-wrapper menu-block-ctools-user-menu-1 menu-name-user-menu parent-mlid-user-menu:0 menu-level-1">
  <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-801" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li>
<li class="leaf menu-mlid-802" role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="last leaf menu-mlid-803" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/login?destination=/content/38/12/2315%3Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%3Djnl_ajnr_tab_refs%26panels_ajax_tab_trigger%3Dtab-references" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in</a></li>
</ul></nav></div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-user-identities" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-user-message" data-separator="|"><span class="highwire-user-institution" data-id-type="institution" data-identity="a%3A2%3A%7Bs%3A4%3A%22show%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A7%3A%22message%22%3Bs%3A50%3A%22Institution%3A%20%5Bidentity%3Ainstitutional_display_name%5D%22%3B%7D"></span></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-responsive-menu-search" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title"><span class="icon-search"></span><span class="element-invisible">Search</span></h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-responsive_menu_search">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-qsearch-nocontext" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/38/12/2315/tab-references" method="post" id="highwire-search-qsearch-nocontext-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords">
  <label class="element-invisible" for="quick_search_header_keywords_299168573">Search for this keyword </label>
 <input placeholder="Search..." type="text" id="quick_search_header_keywords_299168573" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" />
</div>
<div class="button-wrapper button-mini"><span class="icon-search"></span><input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="quick_search_header_submit_470252766" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-La6jfj2rrr-pXm5fErDQAOyAo1Ej8b8skb6b5MAYCzk" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_qsearch_nocontext_form" />
</div></form>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-1 highwire-responsive-advanced-search-link pane-menu-tree" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <ul class="menu">
  <li><a href="/search" title="Advanced search">Advanced search</a></li>
  </ul>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div></div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-panels-mini block-hw-small-logo block-panels-mini-hw-small-logo even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-hw-small-logo">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-hw_small_logo">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-small-logo" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/ajnr-logo.png" alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology" title="American Journal of Neuroradiology" /></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div><div id="zone-user-wrapper" class="zone-wrapper zone-user-wrapper clearfix mobile-hidden print-hidden">  
  <div id="zone-user" class="zone zone-user clearfix equal-height-container mobile-hidden print-hidden container-30">    
  	    <div class="grid-30 region region-user-second equal-height-element" id="region-user-second">
  <div class="region-inner region-user-second-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini text-right no-margin-bottom block-jnl-ajnr-uid-strng block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-uid-strng odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-uid-strng">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_uid_strng">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-user-identities" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-user-message" data-separator=" | "><span class="highwire-user-institution" data-id-type="institution" data-identity="a%3A2%3A%7Bs%3A4%3A%22show%22%3Bi%3A1%3Bs%3A7%3A%22message%22%3Bs%3A85%3A%22%3Cspan%20class%3D%22narrow-hidden%22%3EInstitution%3A%20%3C%2Fspan%3E%5Bidentity%3Ainstitutional_display_name%5D%22%3B%7D"></span></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  
  <div id="zone-branding" class="zone zone-branding clearfix mobile-hidden print-display-block container-30">
    <div class="grid-19 prefix-1 region region-branding print-display-block" id="region-branding">
  <div class="region-inner region-branding-inner">
        <div class="branding-data clearfix">
            <div class="logo-img">
        <a href="/" rel="home" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/ajnr-web-logo_0.png" /></a>      </div>
                        <hgroup class="site-name-slogan element-invisible">        
                                <h2 class="site-name element-invisible"><a href="/" title="Home" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">American Journal of Neuroradiology</a></h2>
                              </hgroup>
          </div>
          </div>
</div><div class="grid-9 suffix-1 region region-branding-second print-hidden" id="region-branding-second">
  <div class="region-inner region-branding-second-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini text-right no-margin-bottom block-jnl-ajnr-user-menu block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-user-menu odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-user-menu">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_user_menu">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-system-user-menu links inline pane-system" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribe</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/user/login?destination=/content/38/12/2315%3Fpanels_ajax_tab_tab%3Djnl_ajnr_tab_refs%26panels_ajax_tab_trigger%3Dtab-references" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Log in</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-panels-mini block-jnl-ajnr-search-box block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-search-box even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-search-box">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_search_box">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-seach-quicksearch no-margin-bottom" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <form class="highwire-quicksearch button-style-mini button-style-mini" action="/content/38/12/2315/tab-references" method="post" id="highwire-search-quicksearch-form-0" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div class="form-item form-item-label-invisible form-type-textfield form-item-keywords">
  <label class="element-invisible" for="search_rightsidebar_keywords_478500487">Search for this keyword </label>
 <input placeholder="search" type="text" id="search_rightsidebar_keywords_478500487" name="keywords" value="" size="60" maxlength="128" class="form-text" />
</div>
<div class="button-wrapper button-mini"><span class="icon-search"></span><input data-icon-only="1" data-font-icon="icon-search" data-icon-position="after" type="submit" id="search_rightsidebar_submit_1290285264" name="op" value="Search" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-CUMzr0Zb8PIawWDXm0e5dXeU929LHLN5xtlbn73YrXY" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="highwire_search_quicksearch_form_0" />
</div></form>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-custom pane-2" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <p><a href="/search">Advanced Search</a></p>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
  
  <div id="zone-menu" class="zone zone-menu clearfix mobile-hidden container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-menu region-menu-bg-opaque region-menu-no-border" id="region-menu">
  <div class="region-inner region-menu-inner">
        <div class="block block-nice-menus block-1 block-nice-menus-1 odd block-without-title" id="block-nice-menus-1">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="nice-menu nice-menu-down nice-menu-main-menu" id="nice-menu-1" role="menu"><li class="menu-772 menu-path-front first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Home</a></li>
<li class="menu-773 menuparent  menu-path-content-current active-trail  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="active" data-icon-position="">Content</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-774 menu-path-content-current first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/current" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Current Issue</a></li>
<li class="menu-1747 menu-path-content-early-preprint  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/preprint" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Preprint</a></li>
<li class="menu-775 menu-path-content-early-recent  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/early/recent" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Publication Preview--Ahead of Print</a></li>
<li class="menu-776 menu-path-content-by-year  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Past Issue Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-900 menu-path-cow-by-year  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/cow/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Week Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-1006 menu-path-cc-by-year  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/cc/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Classic Case Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-901 menu-path-com-by-year  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/com/by/year" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Case of the Month Archive</a></li>
<li class="menu-1334 menu-path-ajnrorg-content-covid-19-content-and-resources  even last" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/content/covid-19-content-and-resources" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">COVID-19 Content and Resources</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-784 menuparent  menu-path-node-7  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">About Us</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-785 menu-path-node-935 first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/About" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">About AJNR</a></li>
<li class="menu-899 menu-path-sajnrorg-page-content-ed-board  even " role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/page/content/Ed-Board" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Editorial Board</a></li>
<li class="menu-864 menu-path-asnrorg  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.asnr.org" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">American Society of Neuroradiology</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-1746 menuparent  menu-path-front  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">For Authors</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-1725 menu-path-sajnrorg-content-author-policies first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/author-policies" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Author Policies</a></li>
<li class="menu-1856 menu-path-sajnrorg-preprint-publishing  even " role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/preprint_publishing" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Preprint Publishing</a></li>
<li class="menu-1726 menu-path-sajnrorg-content-manuscript-submission-guidelines  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/content/manuscript-submission-guidelines" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Manuscript Submission Guidelines</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-862 menu-path-smcmanuscriptcentralcom-ajnr  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ajnr" data-hide-link-title="0" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="">Submit a Manuscript</a></li>
<li class="menu-1184 menuparent  menu-path-node-7  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/about-us" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Special Collections</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-1733 menu-path-ajnrorg-cc-csf-spinal-leak first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/CSF-Spinal-Leak" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Spinal CSF Leak Articles (Jan 2020-June 2024)</a></li>
<li class="menu-1185 menu-path-ajnrorg-cc-most-impactful-ajnr-articles  even " role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/most-impactful-ajnr-articles" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Most Impactful AJNR Articles</a></li>
<li class="menu-1896 menu-path-ajnrorg-cc-2024-awards  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cc/2024-Awards" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">2024 AJNR Journal Awards</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="menu-788 menuparent  menu-path-node-9  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/advertising" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">More</a><ul role="menu"><li class="menu-780 menu-path-node-960 first odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/content/subscriber-help-and-services" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Subscribers</a></li>
<li class="menu-863 menu-path-smarketplacecopyrightcom-rs-ui-web-mp-details-journal-122810747  even " role="menuitem"><a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/details/journal/122810747" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Permissions</a></li>
<li class="menu-782 menu-path-node-937  odd " role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Ads" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Advertisers</a></li>
<li class="menu-790 menu-path-alerts  even " role="menuitem"><a href="/alerts" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Alerts</a></li>
<li class="menu-791 menu-path-node-10  odd last" role="menuitem"><a href="/feedback" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Feedback</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul></nav>
    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-menu text-right block-menu-social-media block-menu-menu-social-media even block-without-title" id="block-menu-menu-social-media">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.twitter.com/TheAJNR" target="_blank" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="hw-icon-x-twitter"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Follow AJNR on Twitter</span></a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/AmJNeuroradiol" target="_blank" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-facebook-sign icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Visit AJNR on Facebook</span></a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/the_ajnr/?hl=en" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-instagram icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Follow AJNR on Instagram</span></a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-journal-of-neuroradiology" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-linkedin icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">Join AJNR on LinkedIn</span></a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/rss" class="link-icon-only link-icon"><span class="icon-rss icon-2x"></span> <span class="title element-invisible">RSS Feeds</span></a></li>
</ul></nav>    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  
  <div id="zone-header" class="zone zone-header clearfix container-30">
  	      <div id="messages" class="grid-28 prefix-1 suffix-1"><div role="alert" class="messages single-msg status highwire">
<div class="msg-col-left"><span class="icon icon-info-sign"></span></div><div class="msg-col-right">Getting new auth cookie, if you see this message a lot, tell someone!</div></div>
</div>
          </div>
</header>    
      <section id="section-content" class="section section-content">
    
  <div id="zone-content" class="zone zone-content clearfix container-30">    
        
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-content" id="region-content">
  <div class="region-inner region-content-inner">
    <a id="main-content"></a>
                        <div class="block block-system block-main block-system-main odd block-without-title" id="block-system-main">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panels-960-layout jcore-2col-layout" >
	  <div class="panel-row-wrapper panel-row-first clearfix">
		
		<div class="top-wrapper">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-top">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node57331--5" data-node-nid="57331" id="top-node-57331--6714603552" data-pisa="ajnr;38/12/2315" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5396" data-apath="/ajnr/38/12/2315.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Interventional</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="ajnr;ajnr.A5396" data-atom-uri="/ajnr/38/12/2315.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S.W. Hetts</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">A. Yen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">D.L. Cooke</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">J. Nelson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">P. Jolivalt</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">J. Banaga</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">M.R. Amans</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">C.F. Dowd</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">R.T. Higashida</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">M.T. Lawton</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">H. Kim</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">V.V. Halbach</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">December 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(12) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2315-2320; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5396 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-57331--6714603552" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.W. Hetts </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.W.%2BHetts%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hetts%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.W.%2BHetts%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-7259" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.W. Hetts</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Yen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>School of Medicine (A.Y., J.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BYen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yen%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BYen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-4845" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Yen</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.L. Cooke </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.L.%2BCooke%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cooke%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.L.%2BCooke%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3694-413X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.L. Cooke</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Nelson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BNelson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Nelson%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BNelson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0219-473X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Nelson</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Jolivalt </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BJolivalt%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jolivalt%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BJolivalt%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9157-9289" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. Jolivalt</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Banaga </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>School of Medicine (A.Y., J.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BBanaga%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Banaga%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BBanaga%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6715-0570" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Banaga</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.R. Amans </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.R.%2BAmans%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Amans%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.R.%2BAmans%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-0534" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.R. Amans</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C.F. Dowd </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Neurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Neurology (C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.F.%2BDowd%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dowd%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.F.%2BDowd%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2267-4244" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C.F. Dowd</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.T. Higashida </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Neurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Neurology (C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.T.%2BHigashida%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Higashida%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.T.%2BHigashida%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8863-2656" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.T. Higashida</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.T. Lawton </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Neurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.T.%2BLawton%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lawton%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.T.%2BLawton%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8020-6388" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.T. Lawton</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H. Kim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.%2BKim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-354X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for H. Kim</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V.V. Halbach </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (S.W.H., D.L.C., P.J., M.R.A., C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Departments of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care (J.N., P.J., C.F.D., R.T.H., H.K., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Neurological Surgery (C.F.D., R.T.H., M.T.L., V.V.H.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Neurology (C.F.D., R.T.H., V.V.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.V.%2BHalbach%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Halbach%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.V.%2BHalbach%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-2307" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for V.V. Halbach</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	  
  <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix">
		
		<div class="main-content-wrapper grid-17 suffix-1 alpha">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-content">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs pane-panels-ajax-tab-tabs" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="item-list"><ul class="tabs inline panels-ajax-tab"><li class="first"><a href="/content/38/12/2315" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:57331" data-trigger="" data-url-enabled="1">Article</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_art/node:57331/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/38/12/2315/tab-figures-data" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_data" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:57331" data-trigger="tab-figures-data" data-url-enabled="1">Figures &amp; Data</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_data/node:57331/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/38/12/2315/tab-supplemental" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_supp" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:57331" data-trigger="tab-supplemental" data-url-enabled="1">Supplemental</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_supp/node:57331/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/38/12/2315/tab-references" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_refs" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:57331" data-trigger="tab-references" data-url-enabled="1">References</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_refs/node:57331/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li><a href="/content/38/12/2315/tab-article-info" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_info" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:57331" data-trigger="tab-article-info" data-url-enabled="1">Info &amp; Metrics</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_info/node:57331/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li><li class="last"><a href="/content/ajnr/38/12/2315.full.pdf" class="panels-ajax-tab-tab" data-panel-name="jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf" data-target-id="highwire_article_tabs" data-entity-context="node:57331" data-trigger="tab-pdf" data-url-enabled="1"><i class="icon-file-alt"></i> PDF</a><a href="/panels_ajax_tab/jnl_ajnr_tab_pdf/node:57331/1" rel="nofollow" style="display:none" class="js-crawler-link"></a></li></ul></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-panel-tabs-container" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div data-panels-ajax-tab-preloaded="jnl_ajnr_tab_refs" id="panels-ajax-tab-container-highwire_article_tabs" class="panels-ajax-tab-container"><div class="panels-ajax-tab-loading" style ="display:none"><img class="loading" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/contrib/panels_ajax_tab/images/loading.gif" alt="Loading" title="Loading" /></div><div class="panels-ajax-tab-wrap-jnl_ajnr_tab_refs"><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" >
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-markup" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.1" data-doi="10.1148/93.5.1071"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Newton</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">TH</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Cronqvist</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">S</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Involvement of the dural arteries in intra-cranial arteriovenous malformations</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Radiology</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1969</span>;<span class="cit-vol">93</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1071</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">78</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1148/93.5.1071</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>5350675</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1148/93.5.1071&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=5350675&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1969E636300017&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">2.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-2-1" title="View reference 2. in text" id="ref-2">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.2" data-doi="10.1136/jnnp.2006.113753"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Cordonnier</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">C</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Al-Shahi Salman</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Bhattacharya</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">JJ</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>; <span class="cit-auth cit-collab">IVMS Collaborators</span>. <span class="cit-article-title">Differences between intracranial vascular malformation types in the characteristics of their presenting haemorrhages: prospective, population-based study</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2008</span>;<span class="cit-vol">79</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">47</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">51</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1136/jnnp.2006.113753</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>17488785</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiam5ucCI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo3OiI3OS8xLzQ3IjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjE6Ii9ham5yLzM4LzEyLzIzMTUuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">3.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-3-1" title="View reference 3. in text" id="ref-3">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.3" data-doi="10.1007/BF01743632"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Lasjaunias</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">P</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Manelfe</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">C</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Chiu</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">M</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Angiographic architecture of intracranial vascular malformations and fistulas: pretherapeutic aspects</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neurosurg Rev</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1986</span>;<span class="cit-vol">9</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">253</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">63</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1007/BF01743632</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>3614684</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1007/BF01743632&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=3614684&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">4.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-4-1" title="View reference 4. in text" id="ref-4">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.4" data-doi="10.1227/01.neu.0000317311.69697.fc"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Singh</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">V</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Smith</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">WS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Lawton</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">MT</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Risk factors for hemorrhagic presentation in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulae</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neurosurgery</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2008</span>;<span class="cit-vol">62</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">628</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">35</span>; <span class="cit-comment">discussion 628–35</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1227/01.neu.0000317311.69697.fc</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>18425010</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1227/01.neu.0000317311.69697.fc&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=18425010&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">5.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-5-1" title="View reference 5. in text" id="ref-5">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.5" data-doi="10.3171/jns.1995.82.2.0166"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Borden</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">JA</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Wu</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">JK</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Shucart</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">WA</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">A proposed classification for spinal and cranial dural arteriovenous fistulous malformations and implications for treatment</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurosurg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1995</span>;<span class="cit-vol">82</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">166</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">79</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3171/jns.1995.82.2.0166</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>7815143</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.3171/jns.1995.82.2.0166&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=7815143&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1995QC29600002&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">6.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-6-1" title="View reference 6. in text" id="ref-6">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.6" data-doi="10.1148/radiology.194.3.7862961"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Cognard</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">C</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Gobin</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">YP</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Pierot</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">L</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neuroradiology</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1995</span>;<span class="cit-vol">194</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">671</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">80</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1148/radiology.194.3.7862961</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>7862961</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1148/radiology.194.3.7862961&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=7862961&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1995QG91800009&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">7.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-7-1" title="View reference 7. in text" id="ref-7">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.7" data-doi="10.1161/01.STR.32.6.1430"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Atkinson</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RP</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Awad</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">IA</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Batjer</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">HH</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>; <span class="cit-auth cit-collab">Joint Writing Group of the Technology Assessment Committee American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology; Joint Section on Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery a Section of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and Congress of Neurological Surgeons; Section of Stroke and the Section of Interventional Neurology of the American Academy of Neurology</span>. <span class="cit-article-title">Reporting terminology for brain arteriovenous malformation clinical and radiographic features for use in clinical trials</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Stroke</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2001</span>;<span class="cit-vol">32</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1430</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">42</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1161/01.STR.32.6.1430</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>11387510</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6OToic3Ryb2tlYWhhIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjk6IjMyLzYvMTQzMCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIxOiIvYWpuci8zOC8xMi8yMzE1LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">8.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-8-1" title="View reference 8. in text" id="ref-8">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.8" data-doi="10.3174/ajnr.A4391"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Hetts</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">SW</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Tsai</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">T</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Cooke</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">DL</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Progressive versus nonprogressive intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: characteristics and outcomes</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2015</span>;<span class="cit-vol">36</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1912</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">19</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3174/ajnr.A4391</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>26206813</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czoxMDoiMzYvMTAvMTkxMiI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjIxOiIvYWpuci8zOC8xMi8yMzE1LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">9.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-9-1" title="View reference 9. in text" id="ref-9">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.9" data-doi="10.1227/01.NEU.0000367555.16733.E1"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Lawton</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">MT</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Kim</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">H</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">McCullouch</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">CE</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">A supplementary grading scale for selecting patients with brain arteriovenous malformations for surgery</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neurosurgery</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2010</span>;<span class="cit-vol">66</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">702</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">13</span>; <span class="cit-comment">discussion 713</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1227/01.NEU.0000367555.16733.E1</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>20190666</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1227/01.NEU.0000367555.16733.E1&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=20190666&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000275954800022&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">10.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-10-1" title="View reference 10. in text" id="ref-10">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.10" data-doi="10.3171/jns.1986.65.4.0476"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Spetzler</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RF</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Martin</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">NA</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurosurg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1986</span>;<span class="cit-vol">65</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">476</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">83</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3171/jns.1986.65.4.0476</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>3760956</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.3171/jns.1986.65.4.0476&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=3760956&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=A1986E162700008&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">11.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-11-1" title="View reference 11. in text" id="ref-11">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.11" data-doi="10.1136/jnis.2010.003707"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Hu</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">YC</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Newman</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">CB</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Dashti</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">SR</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula: transarterial Onyx embolization experience and technical nuances</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurointerv Surg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2011</span>;<span class="cit-vol">3</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">5</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">13</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1136/jnis.2010.003707</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>21990779</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTE6Im5ldXJpbnRzdXJnIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjU6IjMvMS81IjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjE6Ii9ham5yLzM4LzEyLzIzMTUuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">12.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-12-1" title="View reference 12. in text" id="ref-12">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.12" data-doi="10.3171/2010.3.JNS09370"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Loh</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">Y</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Duckwiler</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">GR</span></span></li></ol><cite>; <span class="cit-auth cit-collab">Onyx Trial Investigators</span>. <span class="cit-article-title">A prospective, multicenter, randomized trial of the Onyx liquid embolic system and N-butyl cyanoacrylate embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: clinical article</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurosurg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2010</span>;<span class="cit-vol">113</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">733</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">41</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3171/2010.3.JNS09370</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>20433277</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.3171/2010.3.JNS09370&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=20433277&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000282244700012&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">13.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-13-1" title="View reference 13. in text" id="ref-13">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.13" data-doi="10.1016/j.nec.2009.07.014"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">McConnell</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">K</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Tjoumakaris</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">S</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Allen</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">J</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Neuroendovascular management of dural arteriovenous malformations</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neurosurg Clin N Am</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2009</span>;<span class="cit-vol">20</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">431</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">39</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1016/j.nec.2009.07.014</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>19853802</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.nec.2009.07.014&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=19853802&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">14.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-14-1" title="View reference 14. in text" id="ref-14">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.14" data-doi="10.23736/S0390-5616.16.03168-4"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Signorelli</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">F</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Gory</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">B</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Maduri</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a review of current management based on emerging knowledge</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurosurg Sci</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2017</span>;<span class="cit-vol">61</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">193</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">206</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.23736/S0390-5616.16.03168-4</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>25677401</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.23736/S0390-5616.16.03168-4&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=25677401&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">15.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-15-1" title="View reference 15. in text" id="ref-15">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.15" data-doi="10.4103/0971-3026.59748"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Saraf</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Shrivastava</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">M</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Kumar</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">N</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae with ONYX: indications, techniques, and outcomes</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Indian J Radiol Imaging</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2010</span>;<span class="cit-vol">20</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">26</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">33</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.4103/0971-3026.59748</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>20351988</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.4103/0971-3026.59748&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=20351988&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">16.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-16-1" title="View reference 16. in text" id="ref-16">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.16" data-doi="10.3171/2016.5.JNS16331"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Gross</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">BA</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Albuquerque</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">FC</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Moon</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">K</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Evolution of treatment and a detailed analysis of occlusion, recurrence, and clinical outcomes in an endovascular library of 260 dural arteriovenous fistulas</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurosurg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2017</span>;<span class="cit-vol">126</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1884</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">93</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3171/2016.5.JNS16331</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>27588586</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.3171/2016.5.JNS16331&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=27588586&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">17.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-17-1" title="View reference 17. in text" id="ref-17">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.17" data-doi="10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.033"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Wu</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">Q</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Zhang</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">XS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Wang</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">HD</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Onyx embolization for tentorial dural arteriovenous fistula with pial arterial supply: case series and analysis of complications</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">World Neurosurg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2016</span>;<span class="cit-vol">92</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">58</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">64</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.033</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>27108795</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.wneu.2016.04.033&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=27108795&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">18.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-18-1" title="View reference 18. in text" id="ref-18">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.18" data-doi="10.3171/jns.1999.91.5.0781"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Uranishi</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">R</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Nakase</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">H</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Sakaki</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">T</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Expression of angiogenic growth factors in dural arteriovenous fistula</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurosurg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">1999</span>;<span class="cit-vol">91</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">781</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">86</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3171/jns.1999.91.5.0781</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>10541235</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.3171/jns.1999.91.5.0781&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10541235&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000083251800009&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">19.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-19-1" title="View reference 19. in text" id="ref-19">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.19" data-doi="10.4103/0971-3026.45344"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Gupta</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">A</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Periakaruppan</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">A</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a review</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Indian J Radiol Imaging</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2009</span>;<span class="cit-vol">19</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">43</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">48</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.4103/0971-3026.45344</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>19774139</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.4103/0971-3026.45344&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=19774139&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">20.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-20-1" title="View reference 20. in text" id="ref-20">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.20" data-doi="10.1179/016164107X208077"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Shin</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">Y</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Nakase</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">H</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Nakamura</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">M</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Expression of angiogenic growth factor in the rat DAVF model</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Neurol Res</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2007</span>;<span class="cit-vol">29</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">727</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">33</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1179/016164107X208077</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>17588308</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1179/016164107X208077&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=17588308&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">21.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-21-1" title="View reference 21. in text" id="ref-21">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.21" data-doi="10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.11.014"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Tirakotai</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">W</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Bertalanffy</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">H</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Liu-Guan</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">B</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Immunohistochemical study in dural arteriovenous fistulas and possible role of local hypoxia for the de novo formation of dural arteriovenous fistulas</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Clin Neurol Neurosurg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2005</span>;<span class="cit-vol">107</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">455</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">60</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.11.014</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>16202817</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.clineuro.2004.11.014&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=16202817&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">22.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-22-1" title="View reference 22. in text" id="ref-22">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.22" data-doi="10.1186/1471-2202-15-101"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Wang</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">SS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Li</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">CH</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Zhang</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">XJ</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Investigation of the mechanism of dural arteriovenous fistula formation induced by high intracranial venous pressure in a rabbit model</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">BMC Neurosci</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2014</span>;<span class="cit-vol">15</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">101</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1186/1471-2202-15-101</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>25160131</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1186/1471-2202-15-101&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=25160131&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">23.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-23-1" title="View reference 23. in text" id="ref-23">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.23" data-doi="10.3892/mmr.2014.2037"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Li</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">Q</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Zhang</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">Q</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Huang</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">QH</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">A pivotal role of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the formation of venous hypertension-induced dural arteriovenous fistulas</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Mol Med Rep</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2014</span>;<span class="cit-vol">9</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1551</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">58</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3892/mmr.2014.2037</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>24626343</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.3892/mmr.2014.2037&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=24626343&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">24.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-24-1" title="View reference 24. in text" id="ref-24">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.24" data-doi="10.3340/jkns.2008.44.2.101"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Lee</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">JY</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Son</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">YJ</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Kim</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">KE</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Intracranial pial arteriovenous fistulas</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Korean Neurosurg Soc</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2008</span>;<span class="cit-vol">44</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">101</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">04</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3340/jkns.2008.44.2.101</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>19096703</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.3340/jkns.2008.44.2.101&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=19096703&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000259170900010&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">25.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-25-1" title="View reference 25. in text" id="ref-25">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.25" data-doi="10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010318"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Paramasivam</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">S</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Toma</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">N</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Niimi</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">Y</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">De novo development of dural arteriovenous fistula after endovascular embolization of pial arteriovenous fistula</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Neurointerv Surg</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2013</span>;<span class="cit-vol">5</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">321</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">26</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1136/neurintsurg-2012-010318</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>22510457</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTE6Im5ldXJpbnRzdXJnIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjc6IjUvNC8zMjEiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyMToiL2FqbnIvMzgvMTIvMjMxNS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">26.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-26-1" title="View reference 26. in text" id="ref-26">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.26" data-doi="10.3174/ajnr.A3194"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Hetts</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">SW</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Keenan</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">K</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Fullterton</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">HJ</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Pediatric intracranial nongalenic pial arteriovenous fistulas: clinical features, angioarchitecture, and outcomes</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2012</span>;<span class="cit-vol">33</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1710</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">19</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3174/ajnr.A3194</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>22766672</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo5OiIzMy85LzE3MTAiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoyMToiL2FqbnIvMzgvMTIvMjMxNS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">27.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-27-1" title="View reference 27. in text" id="ref-27">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.12.2315.27" data-doi="10.1016/j.jocn.2014.04.010"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Buell</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">TJ</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Ding</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">D</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Starke</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RM</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Embolization-induced angiogenesis in cerebral arteriovenous malformations</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">J Clin Neurosci</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2014</span>;<span class="cit-vol">21</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1866</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">71</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1016/j.jocn.2014.04.010</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>25001989</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.jocn.2014.04.010&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=25001989&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F38%2F12%2F2315.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li></ol></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-node-pager" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="pager highwire-pager pager-mini clearfix highwire-node-pager highwire-article-pager"><span class="pager-prev"><a href="/content/38/12/2308" title="Endovascular Treatment of Vein of Galen Malformations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" rel="prev" class="pager-link-prev link-icon"><span class="icon-circle-arrow-left"></span> <span class="title">Previous</span></a></span><span class="pager-next"><a href="/content/38/12/2321" title="Association between Carotid Plaque Features on CTA and Cerebrovascular Ischemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" rel="next" class="pager-link-next link-icon-right link-icon"><span class="title">Next</span> <span class="icon-circle-arrow-right"></span></a></span></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-back-to-top" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="#page" class="back-to-top" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="icon-chevron-up"></span> Back to top</a>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
		
		<div class="sidebar-right-wrapper grid-10 omega">
			<div class="panel-panel panel-region-sidebar-right">
			  <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-art-issue pane-style-alt-content" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">In this issue</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_art_issue">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-issue node57326" data-node-nid="57326" id="node-57326--22143480182" data-pisa="ajnr;38/12" data-pisa-master="ajnr;38/12" data-apath="/ajnr/38/12.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-issue highwire-citation-jcore-issue-widget clearfix">
    
      <div class="highwire-cite-highlight"><a href="/content/38/12"  class="highlight-image-linked"><img class="highlight-image" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/ajnr/38/12.cover-source.jpg?itok=shIID2D8" alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology: 38 (12)" /></a></div>
  
  <div class="highwire-cite-col">
      
      
          <a href="/content/38/12" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">American Journal of Neuroradiology</span></a>      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 38</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 12 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Dec 2017 </div></div>
      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-extras"><div class='highwire-article-citation-variant-list'><ul class="links variants-list"><li class="toc first"><a href="/content/38/12.toc" class="highwire-variant-link variant-toc " title="Table of Contents" rel="alternate" type="text/html" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Table of Contents</a></li><li class="index-by-author"><a href="/content/38/12.index-by-author" class="highwire-variant-link variant-index-by-author " title="Index by author" rel="alternate" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Index by author</a></li><li class="enclosure-complete-issue last"><a href="/content/ajnr/38/12/local/complete-issue.pdf" class="highwire-variant-link variant-enclosure" title="Complete Issue (PDF)" rel="alternative" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Complete Issue (PDF)</a></li></ul></div></div>
      </div>

</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-ad-rhs" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_ad_rhs">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane text-center" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="dfp-ad-rhs-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
<div class="slug">Advertisement</div>
<div  id="dfp-ad-rhs" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
  <script type="text/javascript">
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
      googletag.display("dfp-ad-rhs");
    });
  </script>
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-art-tools" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_art_tools" class="highwire-2col-stacked panel-display">
	  
  <div class="panel-row-wrapper clearfix">
		<div class="content-left-wrapper content-column">
          <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content-left">
            <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-link" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/content/ajnr/38/12/2315.full-text.print" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-print"></span> <span class="title">Print</span></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-variant-link text-no-wrap" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/content/ajnr/38/12/2315.full-text.pdf" target="_blank" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-download-alt"></span> <span class="title">Download PDF</span></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-minipanel-dialog-link pane-jnl-ajnr-art-email" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class='minipanel-dialog-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-link'><a href="/" oncontextmenu="javascript: return false;" class="minipanel-dialog-link-trigger link-icon" title="Email this Article"><span class="icon-envelope"></span> <span class="title">Email Article</span></a></div><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-mini' style='display:none'><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_art_email">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-forward-form pane-forward" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <form action="/content/38/12/2315/tab-references" method="post" id="forward-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"><div><div id="edit-instructions" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
 <p>Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.</p><p>NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.</p>
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textfield form-item-email">
  <label for="edit-email">Your Email <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <input type="text" id="edit-email" name="email" value="" size="58" maxlength="256" class="form-text required" />
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textfield form-item-name">
  <label for="edit-name">Your Name <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <input type="text" id="edit-name" name="name" value="" size="58" maxlength="256" class="form-text required" />
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textarea form-item-recipients">
  <label for="edit-recipients">Send To <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></label>
 <div class="form-textarea-wrapper resizable"><textarea id="edit-recipients" name="recipients" cols="50" rows="5" class="form-textarea required"></textarea></div>
<div class="description">Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.</div>
</div>
<div id="edit-page" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
  <label for="edit-page">You are going to email the following </label>
 <a href="/content/38/12/2315" class="active" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas</a>
</div>
<div id="edit-subject" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
  <label for="edit-subject">Message Subject </label>
 (Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
</div>
<div id="edit-body" class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-item">
  <label for="edit-body">Message Body </label>
 (Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
</div>
<div class="form-item form-item-label-before form-type-textarea form-item-message">
  <label for="edit-message--2">Your Personal Message </label>
 <div class="form-textarea-wrapper resizable"><textarea id="edit-message--2" name="message" cols="50" rows="10" class="form-textarea"></textarea></div>
</div>
<input type="hidden" name="path" value="node/57331" />
<input type="hidden" name="path_cid" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="forward_footer" value="" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-Z5rCE8NB4NXlFzzgZKoMIUtraEq_bP2AOUoMVKwwN8w" />
<input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="forward_form" />
<fieldset class="captcha form-wrapper"><legend><span class="fieldset-legend">CAPTCHA</span></legend><div class="fieldset-wrapper"><div class="fieldset-description">This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.</div><input type="hidden" name="captcha_sid" value="108744606" />
<input type="hidden" name="captcha_token" value="c2129b897f5a70b9593b32e1e28213cf" />
<input type="hidden" name="captcha_response" value="Google no captcha" />
<div class="g-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfnJVIUAAAAAE-bUOMg0MJGki4lqSvDmhJp19fN" data-theme="light" data-type="image"></div></div></fieldset>
<div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Send Message" class="form-submit" /></div></div></form>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-minipanel-dialog-link pane-jnl-ajnr-cite-tool" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class='minipanel-dialog-wrapper'><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-link'><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/download" oncontextmenu="javascript: return false;" class="minipanel-dialog-link-trigger link-icon" title="Citation Tools"><span class="icon-globe"></span> <span class="title">Citation Tools</span></a></div><div class='minipanel-dialog-link-mini' style='display:none'><div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_cite_tool">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-citation-export" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-citation-export">  
  <div class="highwire-citation-info">
      <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article cite-tool-node57331" data-node-nid="57331" id="citation-node-57331--2176699825" data-pisa="ajnr;38/12/2315" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5396" data-apath="/ajnr/38/12/2315.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hetts</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cooke</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nelson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jolivalt</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Banaga</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Amans</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dowd</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Higashida</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lawton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Halbach</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Dec 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(12) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2315-2320; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5396 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
</div>  </div>
  <div class="highwire-citation-formats">
  	      <h2>Citation Manager Formats</h2>
        <div class="highwire-citation-formats-links">
      <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.spage=2315&amp;rft.epage=2320&amp;rft.atitle=Pial%20Artery%20Supply%20as%20an%20Anatomic%20Risk%20Factor%20for%20Ischemic%20Stroke%20in%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Intracranial%20Dural%20Arteriovenous%20Fistulas&amp;rft.volume=38&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.date=2017-12-01%2000%3A00%3A00&amp;rft.stitle&amp;rft.jtitle=American%20Journal%20of%20Neuroradiology&amp;rft.au=Hetts%2C+S.W.&amp;rft.au=Yen%2C+A.&amp;rft.au=Cooke%2C+D.L.&amp;rft.au=Nelson%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Jolivalt%2C+P.&amp;rft.au=Banaga%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Amans%2C+M.R.&amp;rft.au=Dowd%2C+C.F.&amp;rft.au=Higashida%2C+R.T.&amp;rft.au=Lawton%2C+M.T.&amp;rft.au=Kim%2C+H.&amp;rft.au=Halbach%2C+V.V."></span><ul class="hw-citation-links inline button button-alt button-grid clearfix"><li class="bibtext first"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/bibtext" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">BibTeX</a></li><li class="bookends"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/bookends" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Bookends</a></li><li class="easybib"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/easybib" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EasyBib</a></li><li class="endnote-tagged"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/endnote-tagged" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EndNote (tagged)</a></li><li class="endnote-8-xml"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/endnote-8-xml" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">EndNote 8 (xml)</a></li><li class="medlars"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/medlars" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Medlars</a></li><li class="mendeley"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/mendeley" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Mendeley</a></li><li class="papers"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/papers" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Papers</a></li><li class="refworks-tagged"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/refworks-tagged" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">RefWorks Tagged</a></li><li class="reference-manager"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/reference-manager" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Ref Manager</a></li><li class="ris"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/ris" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">RIS</a></li><li class="zotero last"><a href="/highwire/citation/57331/zotero" class="hw-download-citation-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Zotero</a></li></ul>    </div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
</div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
          </div>
        </div>
        
        <div class="content-right-wrapper content-column">
          <div class="panel-panel panel-region-content-right">
            <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-share-link highwire_clipboard_link_ajax"  id="shareit">
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="/" class="link-icon"><span class="icon-share-alt"></span> <span class="title">Share</span></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-share highwire_clipboard_form_ajax_shareit" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_share">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-citation large-margin-bottom" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node57331--3" data-node-nid="57331" id="share-node-57331--4668683102" data-pisa="ajnr;38/12/2315" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5396" data-apath="/ajnr/38/12/2315.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Pial Artery Supply as an Anatomic Risk Factor for Ischemic Stroke in the Treatment of Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hetts</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cooke</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Nelson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jolivalt</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Banaga</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Amans</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dowd</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Higashida</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lawton</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Halbach</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Dec 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(12) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2315-2320; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5396 </span></div>
  
  
  
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-clipboard-copy large-margin-bottom" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class = "clipboard-copy">
  <span class="label-url">
    <label for="dynamic">Share This Article:</label>
  </span>
  <span class="input-text-url">
    <input type="text" id="dynamic" value="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315" size="50"/>
  </span>
  <span class="copy-button button">
    <button id="copy-dynamic" class="clipboardjs-button" data-clipboard-target="#dynamic" data-clipboard-alert-style="tooltip" data-clipboard-alert-text="Copied!">Copy</button>
  </span>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-service-links" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="service-links"><a href="http://del.icio.us/post?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315&amp;title=Pial%20Artery%20Supply%20as%20an%20Anatomic%20Risk%20Factor%20for%20Ischemic%20Stroke%20in%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Intracranial%20Dural%20Arteriovenous%20Fistulas" id="delicious" title="Bookmark this post on del.icio.us" class="service-links-delicious" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/delicious-32.png" alt="del.icio.us logo" /></a> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315&amp;text=Pial%20Artery%20Supply%20as%20an%20Anatomic%20Risk%20Factor%20for%20Ischemic%20Stroke%20in%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Intracranial%20Dural%20Arteriovenous%20Fistulas" id="twitter" title="Share this on Twitter" class="service-links-twitter" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/twitter.png" alt="Twitter logo" /></a> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315&amp;t=Pial%20Artery%20Supply%20as%20an%20Anatomic%20Risk%20Factor%20for%20Ischemic%20Stroke%20in%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Intracranial%20Dural%20Arteriovenous%20Fistulas" id="facebook" title="Share on Facebook" class="service-links-facebook" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/fb-blue.png" alt="Facebook logo" /></a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315&amp;title=Pial%20Artery%20Supply%20as%20an%20Anatomic%20Risk%20Factor%20for%20Ischemic%20Stroke%20in%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Intracranial%20Dural%20Arteriovenous%20Fistulas" id="mendeley" title="Share on Mendeley" class="service-links-mendeley" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/images/mendeley.png" alt="Mendeley logo" /></a></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-pane pane-service-links" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="service-links"><div class="item-list"><ul><li class="first"><a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315&amp;count=horizontal&amp;via=&amp;text=Pial%20Artery%20Supply%20as%20an%20Anatomic%20Risk%20Factor%20for%20Ischemic%20Stroke%20in%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Intracranial%20Dural%20Arteriovenous%20Fistulas&amp;counturl=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" id="twitter_widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Tweet Widget</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A//ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315&amp;layout=button_count&amp;show_faces=false&amp;action=like&amp;colorscheme=light&amp;width=100&amp;height=21&amp;font=&amp;locale=" id="facebook_like" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Facebook Like</span></a></li><li class="last"><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/12/2315" id="google_plus_one" title="Plus it" class="service-links-google-plus-one" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="element-invisible">Google Plus One</span></a></li></ul></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
          </div>
        </div>
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	
	</div>

  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-jnl-ajnr-rental" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <span class="js-deepdyve-link">
            <a class="button btn btn-primary btn-sm" role="button"  href="https://www.deepdyve.com/doc-view?docId=10.3174/ajnr.A5396&fieldName=journal_doi&affiliateId=asnr"><i class="icon-usd"> </i> Purchase</a>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-article-nav mobile-hidden pane-style-alt-content" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Jump to section</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="highwire-list-wrapper highwire-article-nav highwire-nav-float"><div class="highwire-list"><ul data-highwire-float="1" data-highwire-float-class="grid-10 alpha omega"><li class="parent first odd"><a href="/content/38/12/2315" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Article</a><div class="highwire-list"><ul><li class="first odd"><a href="#abstract-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink first" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Abstract</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#glossary-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ABBREVIATION:</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#sec-5" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Materials and Methods</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#sec-9" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Results</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#sec-13" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Discussion</a></li><li class="even"><a href="#sec-14" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Conclusions</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="#fn-group-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Footnotes</a></li><li class="last even"><a href="#ref-list-1" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink last" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_art" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">References</a></li></ul></div></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/38/12/2315/tab-figures-data" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_data" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Figures &amp; Data</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/38/12/2315/tab-supplemental" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_supp" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Supplemental</a></li><li class="even"><a href="/content/38/12/2315/tab-references" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_refs" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">References</a></li><li class="odd"><a href="/content/38/12/2315/tab-article-info" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-panel-ajax-tab="jnl_ajnr_tab_info" data-is-tab-link="true" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Info &amp; Metrics</a></li><li class="last even"><a href="/content/38/12/2315.full.pdf" class="highwire-article-nav-jumplink" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><i class="icon-file-alt"></i> PDF</a></li></ul></div></div>  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-panels-mini pane-jnl-ajnr-accordion" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_accordion">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div id="highwire_article_accordion_container"><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> Related Articles</h3><div><div class='highwire-list-footer'><div class="highwire-related-articles-footer"><ul class="links inline"><li class="related-pubmed first"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?link_type=MED_NBRS&amp;access_num=28970244" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">PubMed</a></li><li class="related-google-scholar last"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=related&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.W.%2BHetts&amp;author%5B1%5D=A.%2BYen&amp;author%5B2%5D=D.L.%2BCooke&amp;author%5B3%5D=J.%2BNelson&amp;author%5B4%5D=P.%2BJolivalt&amp;author%5B5%5D=J.%2BBanaga&amp;author%5B6%5D=M.R.%2BAmans&amp;author%5B7%5D=C.F.%2BDowd&amp;author%5B8%5D=R.T.%2BHigashida&amp;author%5B9%5D=M.T.%2BLawton&amp;author%5B10%5D=H.%2BKim&amp;author%5B11%5D=V.V.%2BHalbach&amp;title=Pial%2BArtery%2BSupply%2Bas%2Ban%2BAnatomic%2BRisk%2BFactor%2Bfor%2BIschemic%2BStroke%2Bin%2Bthe%2BTreatment%2Bof%2BIntracranial%2BDural%2BArteriovenous%2BFistulas&amp;publication_year=2017&amp;path=content/38/12/2315" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Google Scholar</a></li></ul></div></div></div><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> Cited By...</h3><div><div class="highwire-list highwire-cited-by"><ul><li class="first odd"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/46/8/1617" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Endovascular Treatment for Tentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Retrospective Single-Center Study</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="even"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/content/full/46/8/1625" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Safety and Efficacy of Combined Venous Sinus Balloon Protection Technique in Transarterial Embolization of Low- and Intermediate-Grade Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Cohort of 161 Patients</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="odd"><a href="http://jnis.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/jnis-2024-023014v1" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Dural arteriovenous fistula research and management in China (DREAM-INI): initial characterization and patient cohort outcomes</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="even"><a href="http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/full/2024.02.02.577749v1" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Pia-FLOW: Deciphering hemodynamic maps of the pial vascular connectome and its response to arterial occlusion</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li><li class="last odd"><a href="http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/full/2021.06.09.447807v3" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><div class="highwire-cite-title">Imaging of the pial arterial vasculature of the human brain in vivo using high-resolution 7T time-of-flight angiography</div></a><div class="variant-links"></div></li></ul></div><div class='highwire-list-footer'><ul class="links inline"><li class="citing-cross-ref first"><a href="/crossref-forward-links/ajnr/38/12/2315#crossref" class="hw-crossref hw-crossref-link-ajax" data-list-wrapper="hw-crossref-list-wrapper" target="_blank" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Crossref</a></li><li class="citing-google-scholar last"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=citedby&amp;path=content/38/12/2315" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Google Scholar</a></li></ul></div><div title="Crossref Cited-by Linking Search Results" style="display:none;" class="hw-crossref-list-wrapper"><p class = "hw-crossref-message">This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.</p></div></div><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> More in this TOC Section</h3><div><div class="highwire-list highwire-article-citation-list"><ul><li class="first odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node104247" data-node-nid="104247" id="node-104247--21539093433" data-pisa="ajnr;44/10/1165" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7996" data-apath="/ajnr/44/10/1165.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard-title-only clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <a href="/content/44/10/1165" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Partial (SAVE) versus Complete (Solumbra) Stent Retriever Retraction Technique for Mechanical Thrombectomy: A Randomized In Vitro Study</span></a>  
  
  
  
  
</div>
</div></li><li class="even"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node103852" data-node-nid="103852" id="node-103852--21238766339" data-pisa="ajnr;44/9/1057" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7944" data-apath="/ajnr/44/9/1057.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard-title-only clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <a href="/content/44/9/1057" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">Contrast Injection from an Intermediate Catheter Placed in an Intradural Artery is Associated with Contrast-Induced Encephalopathy following Neurointervention</span></a>  
  
  
  
  
</div>
</div></li><li class="last odd"><div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node103863" data-node-nid="103863" id="node-103863--2620989113" data-pisa="ajnr;44/9/1045" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7954" data-apath="/ajnr/44/9/1045.atom"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-standard-title-only clearfix">
  
  
  
  
      <a href="/content/44/9/1045" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">CT Perfusion Does Not Modify the Effect of Reperfusion in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Treatment in the ESCAPE-NA1 Trial</span></a>  
  
  
  
  
</div>
</div></li></ul></div><div class='highwire-list-footer'><a href="/content/by/section/Interventional" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Show more <span class="wrapper">INTERVENTIONAL</span></a></div></div><h3 ><i class="icon-caret-right"></i> Similar Articles</h3><div><div class="highwire-search-similar-ajax-wrapper" id="highwire-search-similar-articles-list-1"><div class="highwire-ajax-loading"><span class="icon-spinner icon-spin icon-2x"></span></div></div></div></div></div>
  </div>
</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
	
	</div> <!-- /.panel-row-wrapper -->	
	
	</div>

    </div>
  </div>
</div><div class="block block-panels-mini more-padding-top mobile-hiddens block-jnl-ajnr-ad-bot-leaderboard block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-bot-leaderboard even block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-ad-bot-leaderboard">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_ad_bot_leaderboard">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-dfp-pane text-center" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div id="dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
<div class="slug">Advertisement</div>
<div  id="dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard" class="dfp-tag-wrapper">
  <script type="text/javascript">
    googletag.cmd.push(function() {
      googletag.display("dfp-ad-bottom_leaderboard");
    });
  </script>
</div>
</div>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>      </div>
</div>  </div>
</section>    
  
      <footer id="section-footer" class="section section-footer">
    
  <div id="zone-postscript" class="zone zone-postscript clearfix container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-postscript-fourth" id="region-postscript-fourth">
  <div class="region-inner region-postscript-fourth-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini block-jnl-ajnr-footer block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-footer odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-footer">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panels-960-row jcore-row-4col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_footer">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-1 grid-7 alpha">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-navigate pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">News and Updates</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.ajnr.org/cc/2024-Awards" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">2024 Journal Award Winners</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Reviewer-Recognition" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Thanks to our 2023 Distinguished Reviewers</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-2 grid-7">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-more-information pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Resources</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/EBM" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/browse-podcast-archives" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">AJNR Podcast Archive</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/content/institutional-subscriptions" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Librarian Resources</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.ajnr.org/page/content/Terms-and-Conditions" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Terms and Conditions</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-3 grid-7">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-add-journals pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">Opportunities</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="/page/content/Publons" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Get Peer Review Credit from Publons</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
  <div class="panel-panel panel-region-col-4 grid-7 omega">
    <div class="inside"><div class="panel-pane pane-block pane-menu-other-services pane-menu" >
  
        <h2 class="pane-title">American Society of Neuroradiology</h2>
    
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <nav class="menubar-nav"><ul class="menu" role="menu"><li class="first leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.neurographics.org/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Neurographics</a></li>
<li class="leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="http://www.asnr.org/index.php/education/fellowship-portal/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Fellowship Portal</a></li>
<li class="last leaf" role="menuitem"><a href="https://www.asnr.org/membership-types/" data-hide-link-title="0" class="" data-icon-position="">Not an ASNR Member? Join Now</a></li>
</ul></nav>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
  
  <div id="zone-footer" class="zone zone-footer clearfix container-30">
    <div class="grid-28 suffix-1 prefix-1 region region-footer-first" id="region-footer-first">
  <div class="region-inner region-footer-first-inner">
    <div class="block block-panels-mini block-jnl-ajnr-foot-info block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-foot-info odd block-without-title" id="block-panels-mini-jnl-ajnr-foot-info">
  <div class="block-inner clearfix">
                
    <div class="content clearfix">
      <div class="panel-display panel-1col clearfix" id="mini-panel-jnl_ajnr_foot_info">
  <div class="panel-panel panel-col">
    <div><div class="panel-pane pane-page-logo-footer" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <img class="footer-logo" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/ajnr-logo.png" alt="" />  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-snippet pane-footer-copyright-text" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <div class="snippet footer-copyright-text" id="footer-copyright-text">
  
      
  <div class="snippet-content">
    <p>&copy; 2025 by the <a href="http://www.asnr.org">American Society of Neuroradiology</a> All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.<br />
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X</p>
  </div>

</div>
  </div>

  
  </div>
<div class="panel-separator"></div><div class="panel-pane pane-highwire-branding" >
  
      
  
  <div class="pane-content">
    <a href="http://home.highwire.org" target="_blank" class="highwire-branding-link" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><img class="logo-highwire" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/all/modules/highwire/highwire/plugins/content_types/images/logo_small_hw_white.png" width="190" height="31" alt="Powered by HighWire" /></a>  </div>

  
  </div>
</div>
  </div>
</div>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>  </div>
</div>  </div>
</footer>  </div>    <div class="region region-page-bottom" id="region-page-bottom">
  <div class="region-inner region-page-bottom-inner">
      </div>
</div><script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__bnwyEQSuZLC-kZnFqCi5iE02nOCzM7DjY7zYxcN9nsQ__VBiBT_qq_eHMMO2Q1rXK1u-hHff31XLUkmi9dgjuPeY__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__GM3GJPR36rRIz0TRkjC5OQwrioSyN9aoYRivDhCO_AM__qAl84FcCv2jyN22yFGS5Oc85cjd9zKX6p_cFNLGhe-M__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js" async="async"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__o2aEARZ6jM5u2XKtczQNm8fkSHQ5xpeZCVbqijSRAQE__Qo68euIrLw8Gh5HZtc5MRP5-COHtCWls1DLLZREopm0__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
function euCookieComplianceLoadScripts() {}
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--//--><![CDATA[//><!--
var eu_cookie_compliance_cookie_name = "";
//--><!]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js__WcTpt-w0y1FyXrxZNriX8Ts1KjsFTDpdvZaw9yhRn24__aFJpdvsZPb1v9rWrq-WXbz_WQ9IThQN-mFTCdm1cfXc__Op4k-kV4DoWc7bsUP7umKmZ0WXfmoYdRDoZFPNSd-oM.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>