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<meta name="DC.Title" content="MR Fingerprinting of Adult Brain Tumors: Initial Experience" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5035" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-03-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous quantification of T1 and T2 relaxation times. This study assessed the utility of MR fingerprinting in differentiating common types of adult intra-axial brain tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR fingerprinting acquisition was performed in 31 patients with untreated intra-axial brain tumors: 17 glioblastomas, 6 World Health Organization grade II lower grade gliomas, and 8 metastases. T1, T2 of the solid tumor, immediate peritumoral white matter, and contralateral white matter were summarized within each ROI. Statistical comparisons on mean, SD, skewness, and kurtosis were performed by using the univariate Wilcoxon rank sum test across various tumor types. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple-comparison testing. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for discrimination between glioblastomas and metastases, and area under the receiver operator curve was calculated.

RESULTS: Mean T2 values could differentiate solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas from metastases (mean, 172 ± 53 ms, and 105 ± 27 ms, respectively; P = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). The mean T1 of peritumoral white matter surrounding lower grade gliomas differed from peritumoral white matter around glioblastomas (mean, 1066 ± 218 ms, and 1578 ± 331 ms, respectively; P = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean T2 of solid tumor offered the best separation between glioblastomas and metastases with an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.69–1.00; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous T1 and T2 measurement in brain tumors and surrounding tissues. MR fingerprinting–based relaxometry can identify quantitative differences between solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas and metastases and between peritumoral regions of glioblastomas and lower grade gliomas.

CW
:   contralateral white matter
GBM
:   glioblastoma multiforme
IDH1 
:   isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 
LGG
:   lower grade glioma
MET
:   metastasis
MRF
:   MR fingerprinting
PW
:   peritumoral white matter
ST
:   solid tumor" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Badve" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Yu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Dastmalchian" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Rogers" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Ma" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Jiang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Margevicius" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Pahwa" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Lu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Schluchter" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Sunshine" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Griswold" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Sloan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V. Gulani" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-03-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="MR Fingerprinting of Adult Brain Tumors: Initial Experience" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous quantification of T1 and T2 relaxation times. This study assessed the utility of MR fingerprinting in differentiating common types of adult intra-axial brain tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MR fingerprinting acquisition was performed in 31 patients with untreated intra-axial brain tumors: 17 glioblastomas, 6 World Health Organization grade II lower grade gliomas, and 8 metastases. T1, T2 of the solid tumor, immediate peritumoral white matter, and contralateral white matter were summarized within each ROI. Statistical comparisons on mean, SD, skewness, and kurtosis were performed by using the univariate Wilcoxon rank sum test across various tumor types. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple-comparison testing. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for discrimination between glioblastomas and metastases, and area under the receiver operator curve was calculated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Mean T2 values could differentiate solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas from metastases (mean, 172 ± 53 ms, and 105 ± 27 ms, respectively; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). The mean T1 of peritumoral white matter surrounding lower grade gliomas differed from peritumoral white matter around glioblastomas (mean, 1066 ± 218 ms, and 1578 ± 331 ms, respectively; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean T2 of solid tumor offered the best separation between glioblastomas and metastases with an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.69–1.00; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous T1 and T2 measurement in brain tumors and surrounding tissues. MR fingerprinting–based relaxometry can identify quantitative differences between solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas and metastases and between peritumoral regions of glioblastomas and lower grade gliomas.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="MR Fingerprinting of Adult Brain Tumors: Initial Experience" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous quantification of T1 and T2 relaxation times. This study assessed the utility of MR fingerprinting in differentiating common types of adult intra-axial brain tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR fingerprinting acquisition was performed in 31 patients with untreated intra-axial brain tumors: 17 glioblastomas, 6 World Health Organization grade II lower grade gliomas, and 8 metastases. T1, T2 of the solid tumor, immediate peritumoral white matter, and contralateral white matter were summarized within each ROI. Statistical comparisons on mean, SD, skewness, and kurtosis were performed by using the univariate Wilcoxon rank sum test across various tumor types. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple-comparison testing. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for discrimination between glioblastomas and metastases, and area under the receiver operator curve was calculated.

RESULTS: Mean T2 values could differentiate solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas from metastases (mean, 172 ± 53 ms, and 105 ± 27 ms, respectively; P = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). The mean T1 of peritumoral white matter surrounding lower grade gliomas differed from peritumoral white matter around glioblastomas (mean, 1066 ± 218 ms, and 1578 ± 331 ms, respectively; P = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean T2 of solid tumor offered the best separation between glioblastomas and metastases with an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.69–1.00; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous T1 and T2 measurement in brain tumors and surrounding tissues. MR fingerprinting–based relaxometry can identify quantitative differences between solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas and metastases and between peritumoral regions of glioblastomas and lower grade gliomas.

CW
:   contralateral white matter
GBM
:   glioblastoma multiforme
IDH1 
:   isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 
LGG
:   lower grade glioma
MET
:   metastasis
MRF
:   MR fingerprinting
PW
:   peritumoral white matter
ST
:   solid tumor" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="MR Fingerprinting of Adult Brain Tumors: Initial Experience" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/3/492" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous quantification of T1 and T2 relaxation times. This study assessed the utility of MR fingerprinting in differentiating common types of adult intra-axial brain tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR fingerprinting acquisition was performed in 31 patients with untreated intra-axial brain tumors: 17 glioblastomas, 6 World Health Organization grade II lower grade gliomas, and 8 metastases. T1, T2 of the solid tumor, immediate peritumoral white matter, and contralateral white matter were summarized within each ROI. Statistical comparisons on mean, SD, skewness, and kurtosis were performed by using the univariate Wilcoxon rank sum test across various tumor types. Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple-comparison testing. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed for discrimination between glioblastomas and metastases, and area under the receiver operator curve was calculated.

RESULTS: Mean T2 values could differentiate solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas from metastases (mean, 172 ± 53 ms, and 105 ± 27 ms, respectively; P = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). The mean T1 of peritumoral white matter surrounding lower grade gliomas differed from peritumoral white matter around glioblastomas (mean, 1066 ± 218 ms, and 1578 ± 331 ms, respectively; P = .004, significant after Bonferroni correction). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean T2 of solid tumor offered the best separation between glioblastomas and metastases with an area under the curve of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.69–1.00; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: MR fingerprinting allows rapid simultaneous T1 and T2 measurement in brain tumors and surrounding tissues. MR fingerprinting–based relaxometry can identify quantitative differences between solid tumor regions of lower grade gliomas and metastases and between peritumoral regions of glioblastomas and lower grade gliomas.

CW
:   contralateral white matter
GBM
:   glioblastoma multiforme
IDH1 
:   isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 
LGG
:   lower grade glioma
MET
:   metastasis
MRF
:   MR fingerprinting
PW
:   peritumoral white matter
ST
:   solid tumor" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node14684--7" data-node-nid="14684" id="top-node-14684--81038423947" data-pisa="ajnr;38/3/492" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5035" data-apath="/ajnr/38/3/492.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">MR Fingerprinting of Adult Brain Tumors: Initial Experience</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">C. Badve</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">A. Yu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">S. Dastmalchian</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">M. Rogers</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">D. Ma</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Y. Jiang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">S. Margevicius</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">S. Pahwa</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">Z. Lu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">M. Schluchter</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">J. Sunshine</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">M. Griswold</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">A. Sloan</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">V. Gulani</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">March 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">492-499; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5035 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-14684--81038423947" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Badve </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BBadve%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Badve%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BBadve%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-8019" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Badve</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Yu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>School of Medicine (A.Y., M.R., Z.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BYu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yu%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BYu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-4283" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Yu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Dastmalchian </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BDastmalchian%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dastmalchian%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BDastmalchian%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0977-4080" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Dastmalchian</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Rogers </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>School of Medicine (A.Y., M.R., Z.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BRogers%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rogers%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BRogers%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-2223" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Rogers</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Ma </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BMa%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ma%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BMa%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1664-9579" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Ma</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Jiang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.J., M.G., V.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BJiang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jiang%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BJiang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5010-2265" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Jiang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Margevicius </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M., M.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BMargevicius%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Margevicius%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BMargevicius%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-8319" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Margevicius</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Pahwa </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BPahwa%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pahwa%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BPahwa%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3219-874X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Pahwa</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z. Lu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>School of Medicine (A.Y., M.R., Z.L.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BLu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lu%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BLu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-9189" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Z. Lu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Schluchter </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M., M.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BSchluchter%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Schluchter%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BSchluchter%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7803-0670" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Schluchter</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Sunshine </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BSunshine%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sunshine%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BSunshine%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3227-8715" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Sunshine</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Griswold </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.J., M.G., V.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BGriswold%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Griswold%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BGriswold%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3011-6747" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Griswold</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Sloan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (A.S.), University Hospitals–Cleveland Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BSloan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sloan%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BSloan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9607-5063" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Sloan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V. Gulani </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.J., M.G., V.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.%2BGulani%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gulani%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.%2BGulani%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0889-5999" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for V. Gulani</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="contributors"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1"><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1"><span class="name">C. Badve</span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-2"><span class="name">A. Yu</span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-3"><span class="name">S. Dastmalchian</span><a id="xref-aff-1-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-4"><span class="name">M. Rogers</span><a id="xref-aff-2-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-5"><span class="name">D. Ma</span><a id="xref-aff-1-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-6"><span class="name">Y. Jiang</span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-7"><span class="name">S. Margevicius</span><a id="xref-aff-4-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-4">d</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-8"><span class="name">S. Pahwa</span><a id="xref-aff-1-4" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-9"><span class="name">Z. Lu</span><a id="xref-aff-2-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-10"><span class="name">M. Schluchter</span><a id="xref-aff-4-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-4">d</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-11"><span class="name">J. Sunshine</span><a id="xref-aff-1-5" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-12"><span class="name">M. Griswold</span><a id="xref-aff-1-6" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-3-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-13"><span class="name">A. Sloan</span><a id="xref-aff-5-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a> and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-14"><span class="name">V. Gulani</span><a id="xref-aff-1-7" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-3-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a></li></ol><ol class="affiliation-list"><li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address><sup>a</sup>From the Department of Radiology (C.B., S.D., D.M., S.P., J.S., M.G., V.G.), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address><sup>b</sup>School of Medicine (A.Y., M.R., Z.L.)</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address><sup>c</sup>Department of Biomedical Engineering (Y.J., M.G., V.G.)</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a><address><sup>d</sup>Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M., M.S.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-5" name="aff-5"></a><address><sup>e</sup>Departments of Neurosurgery and Pathology (A.S.), University Hospitals–Cleveland Medical Center, Seidman Cancer Center and the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio.</address></li></ol><ol class="corresp-list"><li class="corresp" id="corresp-1">Please address correspondence to Chaitra Badve, MD, <span class="addr-line">Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106</span>; e-mail: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr">chaitra.badve{at}uhhospitals.org</span></span></li></ol></div></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/3/492.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 38</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 3 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Mar 2017 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Badve</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dastmalchian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rogers</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ma</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jiang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Margevicius</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pahwa</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schluchter</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sunshine</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Griswold</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sloan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gulani</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">492-499; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5035 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Badve</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dastmalchian</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Rogers</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ma</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Jiang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Margevicius</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pahwa</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schluchter</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sunshine</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Griswold</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sloan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gulani</span></span></span></div>
  
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