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<meta name="DC.Title" content="A Multiparametric Model for Mapping Cellularity in Glioblastoma Using Radiographically Localized Biopsies" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5112" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-05-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The complex MR imaging appearance of glioblastoma is a function of underlying histopathologic heterogeneity. A better understanding of these correlations, particularly the influence of infiltrating glioma cells and vasogenic edema on T2 and diffusivity signal in nonenhancing areas, has important implications in the management of these patients. With localized biopsies, the objective of this study was to generate a model capable of predicting cellularity at each voxel within an entire tumor volume as a function of signal intensity, thus providing a means of quantifying tumor infiltration into surrounding brain tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one localized biopsies were obtained from 36 patients with glioblastoma. Signal intensities corresponding to these samples were derived from T1-postcontrast subtraction, T2-FLAIR, and ADC sequences by using an automated coregistration algorithm. Cell density was calculated for each specimen by using an automated cell-counting algorithm. Signal intensity was plotted against cell density for each MR image.

RESULTS: T2-FLAIR ( r = −0.61) and ADC ( r = −0.63) sequences were inversely correlated with cell density. T1-postcontrast ( r = 0.69) subtraction was directly correlated with cell density. Combining these relationships yielded a multiparametric model with improved correlation ( r = 0.74), suggesting that each sequence offers different and complementary information.

CONCLUSIONS: Using localized biopsies, we have generated a model that illustrates a quantitative and significant relationship between MR signal and cell density. Projecting this relationship over the entire tumor volume allows mapping of the intratumoral heterogeneity in both the contrast-enhancing tumor core and nonenhancing margins of glioblastoma and may be used to guide extended surgical resection, localized biopsies, and radiation field mapping.

CE
:   contrast-enhancing
HPF
:   high-power field
NE
:   nonenhancing" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P.D. Chang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H.R. Malone" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.G. Bowden" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.S. Chow" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B.J.A. Gill" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.H. Ung" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Samanamud" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z.K. Englander" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.M. Sonabend" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.A. Sheth" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G.M. McKhann" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.B. Sisti" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.H. Schwartz" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Lignelli" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Grinband" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.N. Bruce" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Canoll" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-05-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="ADULT BRAIN" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="A Multiparametric Model for Mapping Cellularity in Glioblastoma Using Radiographically Localized Biopsies" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The complex MR imaging appearance of glioblastoma is a function of underlying histopathologic heterogeneity. A better understanding of these correlations, particularly the influence of infiltrating glioma cells and vasogenic edema on T2 and diffusivity signal in nonenhancing areas, has important implications in the management of these patients. With localized biopsies, the objective of this study was to generate a model capable of predicting cellularity at each voxel within an entire tumor volume as a function of signal intensity, thus providing a means of quantifying tumor infiltration into surrounding brain tissue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Ninety-one localized biopsies were obtained from 36 patients with glioblastoma. Signal intensities corresponding to these samples were derived from T1-postcontrast subtraction, T2-FLAIR, and ADC sequences by using an automated coregistration algorithm. Cell density was calculated for each specimen by using an automated cell-counting algorithm. Signal intensity was plotted against cell density for each MR image.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;T2-FLAIR (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = −0.61) and ADC (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = −0.63) sequences were inversely correlated with cell density. T1-postcontrast (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.69) subtraction was directly correlated with cell density. Combining these relationships yielded a multiparametric model with improved correlation (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.74), suggesting that each sequence offers different and complementary information.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Using localized biopsies, we have generated a model that illustrates a quantitative and significant relationship between MR signal and cell density. Projecting this relationship over the entire tumor volume allows mapping of the intratumoral heterogeneity in both the contrast-enhancing tumor core and nonenhancing margins of glioblastoma and may be used to guide extended surgical resection, localized biopsies, and radiation field mapping.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="A Multiparametric Model for Mapping Cellularity in Glioblastoma Using Radiographically Localized Biopsies" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The complex MR imaging appearance of glioblastoma is a function of underlying histopathologic heterogeneity. A better understanding of these correlations, particularly the influence of infiltrating glioma cells and vasogenic edema on T2 and diffusivity signal in nonenhancing areas, has important implications in the management of these patients. With localized biopsies, the objective of this study was to generate a model capable of predicting cellularity at each voxel within an entire tumor volume as a function of signal intensity, thus providing a means of quantifying tumor infiltration into surrounding brain tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one localized biopsies were obtained from 36 patients with glioblastoma. Signal intensities corresponding to these samples were derived from T1-postcontrast subtraction, T2-FLAIR, and ADC sequences by using an automated coregistration algorithm. Cell density was calculated for each specimen by using an automated cell-counting algorithm. Signal intensity was plotted against cell density for each MR image.

RESULTS: T2-FLAIR ( r = −0.61) and ADC ( r = −0.63) sequences were inversely correlated with cell density. T1-postcontrast ( r = 0.69) subtraction was directly correlated with cell density. Combining these relationships yielded a multiparametric model with improved correlation ( r = 0.74), suggesting that each sequence offers different and complementary information.

CONCLUSIONS: Using localized biopsies, we have generated a model that illustrates a quantitative and significant relationship between MR signal and cell density. Projecting this relationship over the entire tumor volume allows mapping of the intratumoral heterogeneity in both the contrast-enhancing tumor core and nonenhancing margins of glioblastoma and may be used to guide extended surgical resection, localized biopsies, and radiation field mapping.

CE
:   contrast-enhancing
HPF
:   high-power field
NE
:   nonenhancing" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="A Multiparametric Model for Mapping Cellularity in Glioblastoma Using Radiographically Localized Biopsies" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/5/890" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The complex MR imaging appearance of glioblastoma is a function of underlying histopathologic heterogeneity. A better understanding of these correlations, particularly the influence of infiltrating glioma cells and vasogenic edema on T2 and diffusivity signal in nonenhancing areas, has important implications in the management of these patients. With localized biopsies, the objective of this study was to generate a model capable of predicting cellularity at each voxel within an entire tumor volume as a function of signal intensity, thus providing a means of quantifying tumor infiltration into surrounding brain tissue.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one localized biopsies were obtained from 36 patients with glioblastoma. Signal intensities corresponding to these samples were derived from T1-postcontrast subtraction, T2-FLAIR, and ADC sequences by using an automated coregistration algorithm. Cell density was calculated for each specimen by using an automated cell-counting algorithm. Signal intensity was plotted against cell density for each MR image.

RESULTS: T2-FLAIR ( r = −0.61) and ADC ( r = −0.63) sequences were inversely correlated with cell density. T1-postcontrast ( r = 0.69) subtraction was directly correlated with cell density. Combining these relationships yielded a multiparametric model with improved correlation ( r = 0.74), suggesting that each sequence offers different and complementary information.

CONCLUSIONS: Using localized biopsies, we have generated a model that illustrates a quantitative and significant relationship between MR signal and cell density. Projecting this relationship over the entire tumor volume allows mapping of the intratumoral heterogeneity in both the contrast-enhancing tumor core and nonenhancing margins of glioblastoma and may be used to guide extended surgical resection, localized biopsies, and radiation field mapping.

CE
:   contrast-enhancing
HPF
:   high-power field
NE
:   nonenhancing" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node54363--5" data-node-nid="54363" id="top-node-54363--6160702362" data-pisa="ajnr;38/5/890" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5112" data-apath="/ajnr/38/5/890.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">ADULT BRAIN</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access highwire-citation-access-check" data-pisa-id="ajnr;ajnr.A5112" data-atom-uri="/ajnr/38/5/890.atom" data-request-view="full"></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">A Multiparametric Model for Mapping Cellularity in Glioblastoma Using Radiographically Localized Biopsies</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">P.D. Chang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">H.R. Malone</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">S.G. Bowden</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">D.S. Chow</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">B.J.A. Gill</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">T.H. Ung</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">J. Samanamud</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Z.K. Englander</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">A.M. Sonabend</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">S.A. Sheth</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">G.M. McKhann</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">M.B. Sisti</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">L.H. Schwartz</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">A. Lignelli</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">J. Grinband</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15">J.N. Bruce</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16">P. Canoll</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">890-898; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5112 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-54363--6160702362" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P.D. Chang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., L.H.S., A.L., J.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.D.%2BChang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chang%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.D.%2BChang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-9483" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P.D. Chang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H.R. Malone </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory and the Irving Cancer Research Center (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., J.S., Z.K.E., A.M.S., J.N.B., P.C.), New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.R.%2BMalone%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Malone%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.R.%2BMalone%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4180-7017" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for H.R. Malone</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.G. Bowden </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory and the Irving Cancer Research Center (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., J.S., Z.K.E., A.M.S., J.N.B., P.C.), New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.G.%2BBowden%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bowden%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.G.%2BBowden%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6320-210X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.G. Bowden</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.S. Chow </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (D.S.C.), University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.S.%2BChow%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chow%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.S.%2BChow%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2359-7394" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.S. Chow</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B.J.A. Gill </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory and the Irving Cancer Research Center (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., J.S., Z.K.E., A.M.S., J.N.B., P.C.), New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.J.A.%2BGill%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gill%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.J.A.%2BGill%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5584-6714" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B.J.A. Gill</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.H. Ung </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory and the Irving Cancer Research Center (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., J.S., Z.K.E., A.M.S., J.N.B., P.C.), New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.H.%2BUng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ung%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.H.%2BUng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4243-5208" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T.H. Ung</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Samanamud </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory and the Irving Cancer Research Center (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., J.S., Z.K.E., A.M.S., J.N.B., P.C.), New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BSamanamud%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Samanamud%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BSamanamud%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2436-7539" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Samanamud</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z.K. Englander </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory and the Irving Cancer Research Center (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., J.S., Z.K.E., A.M.S., J.N.B., P.C.), New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.K.%2BEnglander%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Englander%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.K.%2BEnglander%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-7490" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Z.K. Englander</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.M. Sonabend </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory and the Irving Cancer Research Center (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., J.S., Z.K.E., A.M.S., J.N.B., P.C.), New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.M.%2BSonabend%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sonabend%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.M.%2BSonabend%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-7120" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.M. Sonabend</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.A. Sheth </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.A.%2BSheth%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sheth%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.A.%2BSheth%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8770-8965" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.A. Sheth</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G.M. McKhann <span class="nlm-suffix">II</span></div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.M.%2BMcKhann%2B%3Cspan%2Bclass%3D%22nlm-suffix%22%3EII%3C/span%3E" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=McKhann%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.M.%2BMcKhann%2BII" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9695-3564" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G.M. McKhann <span class="nlm-suffix">II</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.B. Sisti </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.B.%2BSisti%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sisti%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.B.%2BSisti%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-985X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.B. Sisti</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L.H. Schwartz </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., L.H.S., A.L., J.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.H.%2BSchwartz%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Schwartz%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.H.%2BSchwartz%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-6729" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L.H. Schwartz</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Lignelli </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., L.H.S., A.L., J.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BLignelli%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lignelli%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BLignelli%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2908-9179" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Lignelli</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Grinband </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (P.D.C., L.H.S., A.L., J.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BGrinband%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Grinband%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BGrinband%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7658-6755" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Grinband</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-15"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.N. Bruce </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., Z.K.E., A.M.S., S.A.S., G.M.M., M.B.S., J.N.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory and the Irving Cancer Research Center (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., J.S., Z.K.E., A.M.S., J.N.B., P.C.), New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.N.%2BBruce%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bruce%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.N.%2BBruce%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6844-0286" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.N. Bruce</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-16"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Canoll </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Pathology and Cell Biology (P.C.), College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, New York</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Gabriele Bartoli Brain Tumor Laboratory and the Irving Cancer Research Center (H.R.M., S.G.B., B.J.A.G., T.H.U., J.S., Z.K.E., A.M.S., J.N.B., P.C.), New York, New York</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BCanoll%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Canoll%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BCanoll%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7001-0226" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">REFERENCES</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.5.890.1" data-doi="10.1073/pnas.1405839111"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 38</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 5 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 May 2017 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">A Multiparametric Model for Mapping Cellularity in Glioblastoma Using Radiographically Localized Biopsies</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">890-898; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5112 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">A Multiparametric Model for Mapping Cellularity in Glioblastoma Using Radiographically Localized Biopsies</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Malone</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bowden</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chow</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.J.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gill</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ung</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Samanamud</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Englander</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sonabend</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sheth</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McKhann</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sisti</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Schwartz</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lignelli</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Grinband</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bruce</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Canoll</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">May 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(5) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">890-898; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5112 </span></div>
  
  
  
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