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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Characterization of Extensive Microstructural Variations Associated with Punctate White Matter Lesions in Preterm Neonates" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5226" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-06-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Punctate white matter lesions are common in preterm neonates. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of the neonates are related to the degree of extension. This study aimed to characterize the extent of microstructural variations for different punctate white matter lesion grades.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions were divided into 3 grades (from mild to severe: grades I–III). DTI-derived fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity between patients with punctate white matter lesions and controls were compared with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and tract-quantification methods.

RESULTS: Thirty-three preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions and 33 matched controls were enrolled. There were 15, 9, and 9 patients, respectively, in grades I, II, and III. Punctate white matter lesions were mainly located in white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles, especially regions lateral to the trigone, posterior horns, and centrum semiovale and/or corona radiata. Extensive microstructural changes were observed in neonates with grade III punctate white matter lesions, while no significant changes in DTI metrics were found for grades I and II. A pattern of increased axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy was found in regions adjacent to punctate white matter lesion sites seen on T1WI and T2WI. Unchanged axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy were observed in regions distant from punctate white matter lesion sites.

CONCLUSIONS: White matter microstructural variations were different across punctate white matter lesion grades. Extensive change patterns varied according to the distance to the lesion sites in neonates with severe punctate white matter lesions. These findings may help in determining the outcomes of punctate white matter lesions and selecting treatment strategies.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
CST
:   corticospinal tract
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
GCC
:   genu of the corpus callosum
IFO
:   inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
OR
:   optic radiation
PWML
:   punctate white matter lesion
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SCC
:   splenium of corpus callosum" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Li" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Gao" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Zheng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Li" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.S. Hui" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Wan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Yang" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-06-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="PEDIATRICS" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Characterization of Extensive Microstructural Variations Associated with Punctate White Matter Lesions in Preterm Neonates" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Punctate white matter lesions are common in preterm neonates. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of the neonates are related to the degree of extension. This study aimed to characterize the extent of microstructural variations for different punctate white matter lesion grades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions were divided into 3 grades (from mild to severe: grades I–III). DTI-derived fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity between patients with punctate white matter lesions and controls were compared with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and tract-quantification methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Thirty-three preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions and 33 matched controls were enrolled. There were 15, 9, and 9 patients, respectively, in grades I, II, and III. Punctate white matter lesions were mainly located in white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles, especially regions lateral to the trigone, posterior horns, and centrum semiovale and/or corona radiata. Extensive microstructural changes were observed in neonates with grade III punctate white matter lesions, while no significant changes in DTI metrics were found for grades I and II. A pattern of increased axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy was found in regions adjacent to punctate white matter lesion sites seen on T1WI and T2WI. Unchanged axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy were observed in regions distant from punctate white matter lesion sites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;White matter microstructural variations were different across punctate white matter lesion grades. Extensive change patterns varied according to the distance to the lesion sites in neonates with severe punctate white matter lesions. These findings may help in determining the outcomes of punctate white matter lesions and selecting treatment strategies.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Characterization of Extensive Microstructural Variations Associated with Punctate White Matter Lesions in Preterm Neonates" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Punctate white matter lesions are common in preterm neonates. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of the neonates are related to the degree of extension. This study aimed to characterize the extent of microstructural variations for different punctate white matter lesion grades.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions were divided into 3 grades (from mild to severe: grades I–III). DTI-derived fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity between patients with punctate white matter lesions and controls were compared with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and tract-quantification methods.

RESULTS: Thirty-three preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions and 33 matched controls were enrolled. There were 15, 9, and 9 patients, respectively, in grades I, II, and III. Punctate white matter lesions were mainly located in white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles, especially regions lateral to the trigone, posterior horns, and centrum semiovale and/or corona radiata. Extensive microstructural changes were observed in neonates with grade III punctate white matter lesions, while no significant changes in DTI metrics were found for grades I and II. A pattern of increased axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy was found in regions adjacent to punctate white matter lesion sites seen on T1WI and T2WI. Unchanged axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy were observed in regions distant from punctate white matter lesion sites.

CONCLUSIONS: White matter microstructural variations were different across punctate white matter lesion grades. Extensive change patterns varied according to the distance to the lesion sites in neonates with severe punctate white matter lesions. These findings may help in determining the outcomes of punctate white matter lesions and selecting treatment strategies.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
CST
:   corticospinal tract
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
GCC
:   genu of the corpus callosum
IFO
:   inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
OR
:   optic radiation
PWML
:   punctate white matter lesion
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SCC
:   splenium of corpus callosum" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Characterization of Extensive Microstructural Variations Associated with Punctate White Matter Lesions in Preterm Neonates" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/38/6/1228" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Punctate white matter lesions are common in preterm neonates. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of the neonates are related to the degree of extension. This study aimed to characterize the extent of microstructural variations for different punctate white matter lesion grades.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions were divided into 3 grades (from mild to severe: grades I–III). DTI-derived fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity between patients with punctate white matter lesions and controls were compared with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and tract-quantification methods.

RESULTS: Thirty-three preterm neonates with punctate white matter lesions and 33 matched controls were enrolled. There were 15, 9, and 9 patients, respectively, in grades I, II, and III. Punctate white matter lesions were mainly located in white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles, especially regions lateral to the trigone, posterior horns, and centrum semiovale and/or corona radiata. Extensive microstructural changes were observed in neonates with grade III punctate white matter lesions, while no significant changes in DTI metrics were found for grades I and II. A pattern of increased axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy was found in regions adjacent to punctate white matter lesion sites seen on T1WI and T2WI. Unchanged axial diffusivity, increased radial diffusivity, and reduced/unchanged fractional anisotropy were observed in regions distant from punctate white matter lesion sites.

CONCLUSIONS: White matter microstructural variations were different across punctate white matter lesion grades. Extensive change patterns varied according to the distance to the lesion sites in neonates with severe punctate white matter lesions. These findings may help in determining the outcomes of punctate white matter lesions and selecting treatment strategies.

AD
:   axial diffusivity
CST
:   corticospinal tract
FA
:   fractional anisotropy
GCC
:   genu of the corpus callosum
IFO
:   inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
OR
:   optic radiation
PWML
:   punctate white matter lesion
RD
:   radial diffusivity
SCC
:   splenium of corpus callosum" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node54721--5" data-node-nid="54721" id="top-node-54721--62080815022" data-pisa="ajnr;38/6/1228" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5226" data-apath="/ajnr/38/6/1228.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">PEDIATRICS</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Characterization of Extensive Microstructural Variations Associated with Punctate White Matter Lesions in Preterm Neonates</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">X. Li</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">J. Gao</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">M. Wang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">J. Zheng</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Y. Li</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">E.S. Hui</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">M. Wan</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">J. Yang</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1228-1234; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5226 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-54721--62080815022" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">X. Li </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (X.L., M. Wan, J.Y.), the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BLi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BLi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7690-9155" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for X. Li</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Gao </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BGao%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gao%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BGao%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-5438" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Gao</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Wang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0852-8753" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Wang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Zheng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Clinical Research Center (J.Z.), the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BZheng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zheng%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BZheng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4958-2091" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Zheng</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Li </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BLi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BLi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8361-1987" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Li</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E.S. Hui </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Diagnostic Radiology (E.S.H.), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.S.%2BHui%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hui%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.S.%2BHui%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-0169" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E.S. Hui</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Wan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (X.L., M. Wan, J.Y.), the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BWan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wan%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BWan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-1216" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Wan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Yang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (X.L., J.G., M. Wang, Y.L., J.Y.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (X.L., M. Wan, J.Y.), the Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BYang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yang%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BYang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4250-1391" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-38.6.1228.1" data-doi="10.3174/ajnr.A4144"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 38</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 6 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jun 2017 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Characterization of Extensive Microstructural Variations Associated with Punctate White Matter Lesions in Preterm Neonates</div>  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Characterization of Extensive Microstructural Variations Associated with Punctate White Matter Lesions in Preterm Neonates</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zheng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">E.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hui</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yang</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1228-1234; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5226 </span></div>
  
  
  
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