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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Measurable Supratentorial White Matter Volume Changes in Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treated with an Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agent, Steroids, and Radiation" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5159" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2017-06-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2017 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Assessing the response to treatment in infiltrative brain tumors by using lesion volume–based response criteria is challenging. We hypothesized that in such tumors, volume measurements alone may not accurately capture changes in actual tumor burden during treatment. We longitudinally evaluated volume changes in both normal-appearing supratentorial white matter and the brain stem lesions in patients treated for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma to determine to what extent adjuvant systemic therapies may skew the accuracy of tumor response assessments based on volumetric analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anatomic MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging data of 26 patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment included conformal radiation therapy in conjunction with vandetanib and dexamethasone. Volumetric and diffusion data were analyzed with time, and differences between time points were evaluated statistically.

RESULTS: Normalized brain stem lesion volume decreased during combined treatment (slope = −0.222, P &lt; .001) and increased shortly after completion of radiation therapy (slope = 0.422, P &lt; .001). Supratentorial white matter volume steadily and significantly decreased with time (slope = −0.057, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal changes in brain stem lesion volume are robust; less pronounced but measurable changes occur in the supratentorial white matter. Volume changes in nonirradiated supratentorial white matter during the disease course reflect the effects of systemic medication on the water homeostasis of normal parenchyma. Our data suggest that adjuvant nontumor–targeted therapies may have a more substantial effect on lesion volume changes than previously thought; hence, an apparent volume decrease in infiltrative tumors receiving combined therapies may lead to overestimation of the actual response and tumor control.

BL
:   baseline
BS-L
:   brain stem lesion
DIPG
:   diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
ePFS
:   end of PFS
eRT
:   end of RT
PFS
:   progression-free survival
RT
:   radiation therapy
ST-WM
:   supratentorial white matter
VEGF
:   vascular endothelial growth factor
W
:   week" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Svolos" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W.E. Reddick" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Edwards" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Sykes" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Li" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.O. Glass" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Patay" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2017-06-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="PEDIATRICS" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Measurable Supratentorial White Matter Volume Changes in Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treated with an Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agent, Steroids, and Radiation" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Assessing the response to treatment in infiltrative brain tumors by using lesion volume–based response criteria is challenging. We hypothesized that in such tumors, volume measurements alone may not accurately capture changes in actual tumor burden during treatment. We longitudinally evaluated volume changes in both normal-appearing supratentorial white matter and the brain stem lesions in patients treated for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma to determine to what extent adjuvant systemic therapies may skew the accuracy of tumor response assessments based on volumetric analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The anatomic MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging data of 26 patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment included conformal radiation therapy in conjunction with vandetanib and dexamethasone. Volumetric and diffusion data were analyzed with time, and differences between time points were evaluated statistically.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Normalized brain stem lesion volume decreased during combined treatment (slope = −0.222, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001) and increased shortly after completion of radiation therapy (slope = 0.422, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). Supratentorial white matter volume steadily and significantly decreased with time (slope = −0.057, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Longitudinal changes in brain stem lesion volume are robust; less pronounced but measurable changes occur in the supratentorial white matter. Volume changes in nonirradiated supratentorial white matter during the disease course reflect the effects of systemic medication on the water homeostasis of normal parenchyma. Our data suggest that adjuvant nontumor–targeted therapies may have a more substantial effect on lesion volume changes than previously thought; hence, an apparent volume decrease in infiltrative tumors receiving combined therapies may lead to overestimation of the actual response and tumor control.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Measurable Supratentorial White Matter Volume Changes in Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treated with an Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agent, Steroids, and Radiation" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Assessing the response to treatment in infiltrative brain tumors by using lesion volume–based response criteria is challenging. We hypothesized that in such tumors, volume measurements alone may not accurately capture changes in actual tumor burden during treatment. We longitudinally evaluated volume changes in both normal-appearing supratentorial white matter and the brain stem lesions in patients treated for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma to determine to what extent adjuvant systemic therapies may skew the accuracy of tumor response assessments based on volumetric analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anatomic MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging data of 26 patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment included conformal radiation therapy in conjunction with vandetanib and dexamethasone. Volumetric and diffusion data were analyzed with time, and differences between time points were evaluated statistically.

RESULTS: Normalized brain stem lesion volume decreased during combined treatment (slope = −0.222, P &lt; .001) and increased shortly after completion of radiation therapy (slope = 0.422, P &lt; .001). Supratentorial white matter volume steadily and significantly decreased with time (slope = −0.057, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal changes in brain stem lesion volume are robust; less pronounced but measurable changes occur in the supratentorial white matter. Volume changes in nonirradiated supratentorial white matter during the disease course reflect the effects of systemic medication on the water homeostasis of normal parenchyma. Our data suggest that adjuvant nontumor–targeted therapies may have a more substantial effect on lesion volume changes than previously thought; hence, an apparent volume decrease in infiltrative tumors receiving combined therapies may lead to overestimation of the actual response and tumor control.

BL
:   baseline
BS-L
:   brain stem lesion
DIPG
:   diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
ePFS
:   end of PFS
eRT
:   end of RT
PFS
:   progression-free survival
RT
:   radiation therapy
ST-WM
:   supratentorial white matter
VEGF
:   vascular endothelial growth factor
W
:   week" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Measurable Supratentorial White Matter Volume Changes in Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treated with an Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agent, Steroids, and Radiation" />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Assessing the response to treatment in infiltrative brain tumors by using lesion volume–based response criteria is challenging. We hypothesized that in such tumors, volume measurements alone may not accurately capture changes in actual tumor burden during treatment. We longitudinally evaluated volume changes in both normal-appearing supratentorial white matter and the brain stem lesions in patients treated for diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma to determine to what extent adjuvant systemic therapies may skew the accuracy of tumor response assessments based on volumetric analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anatomic MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging data of 26 patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment included conformal radiation therapy in conjunction with vandetanib and dexamethasone. Volumetric and diffusion data were analyzed with time, and differences between time points were evaluated statistically.

RESULTS: Normalized brain stem lesion volume decreased during combined treatment (slope = −0.222, P &lt; .001) and increased shortly after completion of radiation therapy (slope = 0.422, P &lt; .001). Supratentorial white matter volume steadily and significantly decreased with time (slope = −0.057, P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal changes in brain stem lesion volume are robust; less pronounced but measurable changes occur in the supratentorial white matter. Volume changes in nonirradiated supratentorial white matter during the disease course reflect the effects of systemic medication on the water homeostasis of normal parenchyma. Our data suggest that adjuvant nontumor–targeted therapies may have a more substantial effect on lesion volume changes than previously thought; hence, an apparent volume decrease in infiltrative tumors receiving combined therapies may lead to overestimation of the actual response and tumor control.

BL
:   baseline
BS-L
:   brain stem lesion
DIPG
:   diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
ePFS
:   end of PFS
eRT
:   end of RT
PFS
:   progression-free survival
RT
:   radiation therapy
ST-WM
:   supratentorial white matter
VEGF
:   vascular endothelial growth factor
W
:   week" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node54729--5" data-node-nid="54729" id="top-node-54729--6797000158" data-pisa="ajnr;38/6/1235" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5159" data-apath="/ajnr/38/6/1235.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Measurable Supratentorial White Matter Volume Changes in Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Treated with an Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agent, Steroids, and Radiation</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">P. Svolos</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">W.E. Reddick</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">A. Edwards</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">A. Sykes</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">Y. Li</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">J.O. Glass</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">Z. Patay</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2017,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1235-1241; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5159 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-54729--6797000158" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Svolos </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.S., W.E.R., A.E., J.O.G., Z.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BSvolos%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Svolos%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BSvolos%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-2933" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. Svolos</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">W.E. Reddick </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.S., W.E.R., A.E., J.O.G., Z.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.E.%2BReddick%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Reddick%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.E.%2BReddick%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1054-1201" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for W.E. Reddick</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Edwards </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.S., W.E.R., A.E., J.O.G., Z.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BEdwards%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Edwards%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BEdwards%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-5508" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Edwards</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Sykes </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Biostatistics (A.S., Y.L.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BSykes%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sykes%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BSykes%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7667-8155" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Sykes</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Li </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Biostatistics (A.S., Y.L.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BLi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BLi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-4316" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Li</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.O. Glass </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.S., W.E.R., A.E., J.O.G., Z.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.O.%2BGlass%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Glass%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.O.%2BGlass%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-2054" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.O. Glass</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z. Patay </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Diagnostic Imaging (P.S., W.E.R., A.E., J.O.G., Z.P.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BPatay%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Patay%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BPatay%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-9864" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Z. 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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 38</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 6 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jun 2017 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Svolos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Reddick</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Edwards</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sykes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Glass</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Patay</span></span></span></div>
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Svolos</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Reddick</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Edwards</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Sykes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.O.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Glass</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Patay</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2017, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">38 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1235-1241; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5159 </span></div>
  
  
  
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