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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Brain Structural Changes following HIV Infection: Meta-Analysis" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5432" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2018-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have used structural neuroimaging to measure HIV effects on brain macroarchitecture. While many have reported changes in total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, CSF volume, and basal ganglia volume following HIV infection, quantitative inconsistencies observed across studies are large.

PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the consistency and temporal stability of serostatus effects on a range of structural neuroimaging measures.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, reference lists, and corresponding authors.

STUDY SELECTION: The meta-analysis included 19 cross-sectional studies reporting HIV effects on cortical and subcortical volume from 1993 to 2016.

DATA ANALYSIS: Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate individual study standardized mean differences and study heterogeneity. Meta-regression was used to examine the effects of the study publication year.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis revealed standardized mean differences related to the serostatus of −0.65 ( P = .002) for total brain volume, −0.28 for gray matter volume ( P = .008), −0.24 ( P = .076) for white matter volume, and 0.56 ( P = .001) for CSF volume. Basal ganglia volume differences related to serostatus were not significant. Nevertheless, estimates of between-study heterogeneity suggested that much of the observed variance was between studies. Publication year was associated with recent reductions in many neurostructural effects.

LIMITATIONS: Many studies pooled participants with varying durations of treatment, disease, and comorbidities. Image-acquisition methods changed with time.

CONCLUSIONS: While published studies of HIV effects on brain structure had substantial variations that are likely to result from changes in HIV treatment practice during the study period, quantitative neurostructural measures can reliably detect the effects of HIV infection during treatment, serving as reliable biomarkers.

ART
:   antiretroviral therapy
CSFv
:   CSF volume
GMv
:   gray matter volume
SMD
:   standardized mean difference
TBv
:   total brain volume
WMv
:   white matter volume" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E.E. O'Connor" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Timothy A. Zeffiro" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Thomas A. Zeffiro" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2018-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Brain Structural Changes following HIV Infection: Meta-Analysis" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Numerous studies have used structural neuroimaging to measure HIV effects on brain macroarchitecture. While many have reported changes in total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, CSF volume, and basal ganglia volume following HIV infection, quantitative inconsistencies observed across studies are large.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our aim was to evaluate the consistency and temporal stability of serostatus effects on a range of structural neuroimaging measures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;DATA SOURCES:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;PubMed, reference lists, and corresponding authors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;STUDY SELECTION:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The meta-analysis included 19 cross-sectional studies reporting HIV effects on cortical and subcortical volume from 1993 to 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;DATA ANALYSIS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate individual study standardized mean differences and study heterogeneity. Meta-regression was used to examine the effects of the study publication year.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;DATA SYNTHESIS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Meta-analysis revealed standardized mean differences related to the serostatus of −0.65 (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .002) for total brain volume, −0.28 for gray matter volume (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .008), −0.24 (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .076) for white matter volume, and 0.56 (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .001) for CSF volume. Basal ganglia volume differences related to serostatus were not significant. Nevertheless, estimates of between-study heterogeneity suggested that much of the observed variance was between studies. Publication year was associated with recent reductions in many neurostructural effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;LIMITATIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many studies pooled participants with varying durations of treatment, disease, and comorbidities. Image-acquisition methods changed with time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While published studies of HIV effects on brain structure had substantial variations that are likely to result from changes in HIV treatment practice during the study period, quantitative neurostructural measures can reliably detect the effects of HIV infection during treatment, serving as reliable biomarkers.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Brain Structural Changes following HIV Infection: Meta-Analysis" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have used structural neuroimaging to measure HIV effects on brain macroarchitecture. While many have reported changes in total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, CSF volume, and basal ganglia volume following HIV infection, quantitative inconsistencies observed across studies are large.

PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the consistency and temporal stability of serostatus effects on a range of structural neuroimaging measures.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, reference lists, and corresponding authors.

STUDY SELECTION: The meta-analysis included 19 cross-sectional studies reporting HIV effects on cortical and subcortical volume from 1993 to 2016.

DATA ANALYSIS: Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate individual study standardized mean differences and study heterogeneity. Meta-regression was used to examine the effects of the study publication year.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis revealed standardized mean differences related to the serostatus of −0.65 ( P = .002) for total brain volume, −0.28 for gray matter volume ( P = .008), −0.24 ( P = .076) for white matter volume, and 0.56 ( P = .001) for CSF volume. Basal ganglia volume differences related to serostatus were not significant. Nevertheless, estimates of between-study heterogeneity suggested that much of the observed variance was between studies. Publication year was associated with recent reductions in many neurostructural effects.

LIMITATIONS: Many studies pooled participants with varying durations of treatment, disease, and comorbidities. Image-acquisition methods changed with time.

CONCLUSIONS: While published studies of HIV effects on brain structure had substantial variations that are likely to result from changes in HIV treatment practice during the study period, quantitative neurostructural measures can reliably detect the effects of HIV infection during treatment, serving as reliable biomarkers.

ART
:   antiretroviral therapy
CSFv
:   CSF volume
GMv
:   gray matter volume
SMD
:   standardized mean difference
TBv
:   total brain volume
WMv
:   white matter volume" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Brain Structural Changes following HIV Infection: Meta-Analysis" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/39/1/54" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have used structural neuroimaging to measure HIV effects on brain macroarchitecture. While many have reported changes in total brain volume, gray matter volume, white matter volume, CSF volume, and basal ganglia volume following HIV infection, quantitative inconsistencies observed across studies are large.

PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the consistency and temporal stability of serostatus effects on a range of structural neuroimaging measures.

DATA SOURCES: PubMed, reference lists, and corresponding authors.

STUDY SELECTION: The meta-analysis included 19 cross-sectional studies reporting HIV effects on cortical and subcortical volume from 1993 to 2016.

DATA ANALYSIS: Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate individual study standardized mean differences and study heterogeneity. Meta-regression was used to examine the effects of the study publication year.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Meta-analysis revealed standardized mean differences related to the serostatus of −0.65 ( P = .002) for total brain volume, −0.28 for gray matter volume ( P = .008), −0.24 ( P = .076) for white matter volume, and 0.56 ( P = .001) for CSF volume. Basal ganglia volume differences related to serostatus were not significant. Nevertheless, estimates of between-study heterogeneity suggested that much of the observed variance was between studies. Publication year was associated with recent reductions in many neurostructural effects.

LIMITATIONS: Many studies pooled participants with varying durations of treatment, disease, and comorbidities. Image-acquisition methods changed with time.

CONCLUSIONS: While published studies of HIV effects on brain structure had substantial variations that are likely to result from changes in HIV treatment practice during the study period, quantitative neurostructural measures can reliably detect the effects of HIV infection during treatment, serving as reliable biomarkers.

ART
:   antiretroviral therapy
CSFv
:   CSF volume
GMv
:   gray matter volume
SMD
:   standardized mean difference
TBv
:   total brain volume
WMv
:   white matter volume" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2018,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">39 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">54-62; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5432 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-57855--6707905138" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E.E. O'Connor </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (E.E.O.), University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.E.%2BO%27Connor%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=O%27Connor%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.E.%2BO%2527Connor%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-1117" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E.E. O'Connor</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Timothy A. Zeffiro </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurometrika (Timothy A. Zeffiro, Thomas A. Zeffiro), Potomac, Maryland.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Timothy%2BA.%2BZeffiro%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zeffiro%20TA&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ATimothy%2BA.%2BZeffiro%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4345-6943" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Timothy A. Zeffiro</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Thomas A. Zeffiro </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurometrika (Timothy A. Zeffiro, Thomas A. Zeffiro), Potomac, Maryland.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Thomas%2BA.%2BZeffiro%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zeffiro%20TA&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AThomas%2BA.%2BZeffiro%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-4577" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Thomas A. Zeffiro</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-39.1.54.1"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 39</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jan 2018 </div></div>
      
      
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