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<meta name="DC.Title" content="MR Imaging Criteria for the Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Discrimination of Early-Stage Primary Tumors from Benign Hyperplasia" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5493" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2018-03-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging can detect nasopharyngeal carcinoma that is hidden from endoscopic view, but for accurate detection carcinoma confined within the nasopharynx (stage T1) must be distinguished from benign hyperplasia of the nasopharynx. This study aimed to document the MR imaging features of stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to attempt to identify features distinguishing it from benign hyperplasia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 189 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma confined to the nasopharynx and those of 144 patients with benign hyperplasia were reviewed and compared in this retrospective study. The center, volume, size asymmetry (maximum percentage difference in area between the right and left nasopharyngeal halves), signal intensity asymmetry, deep mucosal white line (greater contrast enhancement along the deep tumor margin), and absence/distortion of the adenoidal septa were evaluated. Differences were assessed with logistic regression and the χ2 test.

RESULTS: The nasopharyngeal carcinoma center was lateral, central, or diffuse in 134/189 (70.9%), 25/189 (13.2%), and 30/189 (15.9%) cases, respectively. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas involving the walls showed that a deep mucosal white line was present in 180/183 (98.4%), with a focal loss of this line in 153/180 (85%) cases. Adenoidal septa were absent or distorted in 111/111 (100%) nasopharyngeal carcinomas involving the adenoid. Compared with benign hyperplasia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma had a significantly greater volume, size asymmetry, signal asymmetry, focal loss of the deep mucosal white line, and absence/distortion of the adenoidal septa ( P &lt; .001). Although size asymmetry was the most accurate criterion (89.5%) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection, use of this parameter alone would have missed 11.9% of early-stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinomas.

CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging features can help distinguish stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma from benign hyperplasia in most cases.

BH
:   benign hyperplasia
BH1
:   BH type 1
BH2
:   BH type 2
%ΔA
:   maximum percentage difference in area
NPC
:   nasopharyngeal carcinoma" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.D. King" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.Y.S. Wong" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B.K.H. Law" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K.S. Bhatia" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.K.S. Woo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Q.-Y. Ai" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.Y. Tan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Goh" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K.L. Chuah" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F.K.F. Mo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K.C.A. Chan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.T.C. Chan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.C. Vlantis" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2018-03-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Head &amp;amp; Neck" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="MR Imaging Criteria for the Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Discrimination of Early-Stage Primary Tumors from Benign Hyperplasia" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MR imaging can detect nasopharyngeal carcinoma that is hidden from endoscopic view, but for accurate detection carcinoma confined within the nasopharynx (stage T1) must be distinguished from benign hyperplasia of the nasopharynx. This study aimed to document the MR imaging features of stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to attempt to identify features distinguishing it from benign hyperplasia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MR images of 189 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma confined to the nasopharynx and those of 144 patients with benign hyperplasia were reviewed and compared in this retrospective study. The center, volume, size asymmetry (maximum percentage difference in area between the right and left nasopharyngeal halves), signal intensity asymmetry, deep mucosal white line (greater contrast enhancement along the deep tumor margin), and absence/distortion of the adenoidal septa were evaluated. Differences were assessed with logistic regression and the χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The nasopharyngeal carcinoma center was lateral, central, or diffuse in 134/189 (70.9%), 25/189 (13.2%), and 30/189 (15.9%) cases, respectively. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas involving the walls showed that a deep mucosal white line was present in 180/183 (98.4%), with a focal loss of this line in 153/180 (85%) cases. Adenoidal septa were absent or distorted in 111/111 (100%) nasopharyngeal carcinomas involving the adenoid. Compared with benign hyperplasia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma had a significantly greater volume, size asymmetry, signal asymmetry, focal loss of the deep mucosal white line, and absence/distortion of the adenoidal septa (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). Although size asymmetry was the most accurate criterion (89.5%) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection, use of this parameter alone would have missed 11.9% of early-stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;MR imaging features can help distinguish stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma from benign hyperplasia in most cases.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="MR Imaging Criteria for the Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Discrimination of Early-Stage Primary Tumors from Benign Hyperplasia" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging can detect nasopharyngeal carcinoma that is hidden from endoscopic view, but for accurate detection carcinoma confined within the nasopharynx (stage T1) must be distinguished from benign hyperplasia of the nasopharynx. This study aimed to document the MR imaging features of stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to attempt to identify features distinguishing it from benign hyperplasia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 189 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma confined to the nasopharynx and those of 144 patients with benign hyperplasia were reviewed and compared in this retrospective study. The center, volume, size asymmetry (maximum percentage difference in area between the right and left nasopharyngeal halves), signal intensity asymmetry, deep mucosal white line (greater contrast enhancement along the deep tumor margin), and absence/distortion of the adenoidal septa were evaluated. Differences were assessed with logistic regression and the χ2 test.

RESULTS: The nasopharyngeal carcinoma center was lateral, central, or diffuse in 134/189 (70.9%), 25/189 (13.2%), and 30/189 (15.9%) cases, respectively. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas involving the walls showed that a deep mucosal white line was present in 180/183 (98.4%), with a focal loss of this line in 153/180 (85%) cases. Adenoidal septa were absent or distorted in 111/111 (100%) nasopharyngeal carcinomas involving the adenoid. Compared with benign hyperplasia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma had a significantly greater volume, size asymmetry, signal asymmetry, focal loss of the deep mucosal white line, and absence/distortion of the adenoidal septa ( P &lt; .001). Although size asymmetry was the most accurate criterion (89.5%) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection, use of this parameter alone would have missed 11.9% of early-stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinomas.

CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging features can help distinguish stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma from benign hyperplasia in most cases.

BH
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BH1
:   BH type 1
BH2
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%ΔA
:   maximum percentage difference in area
NPC
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<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging can detect nasopharyngeal carcinoma that is hidden from endoscopic view, but for accurate detection carcinoma confined within the nasopharynx (stage T1) must be distinguished from benign hyperplasia of the nasopharynx. This study aimed to document the MR imaging features of stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to attempt to identify features distinguishing it from benign hyperplasia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 189 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma confined to the nasopharynx and those of 144 patients with benign hyperplasia were reviewed and compared in this retrospective study. The center, volume, size asymmetry (maximum percentage difference in area between the right and left nasopharyngeal halves), signal intensity asymmetry, deep mucosal white line (greater contrast enhancement along the deep tumor margin), and absence/distortion of the adenoidal septa were evaluated. Differences were assessed with logistic regression and the χ2 test.

RESULTS: The nasopharyngeal carcinoma center was lateral, central, or diffuse in 134/189 (70.9%), 25/189 (13.2%), and 30/189 (15.9%) cases, respectively. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas involving the walls showed that a deep mucosal white line was present in 180/183 (98.4%), with a focal loss of this line in 153/180 (85%) cases. Adenoidal septa were absent or distorted in 111/111 (100%) nasopharyngeal carcinomas involving the adenoid. Compared with benign hyperplasia, nasopharyngeal carcinoma had a significantly greater volume, size asymmetry, signal asymmetry, focal loss of the deep mucosal white line, and absence/distortion of the adenoidal septa ( P &lt; .001). Although size asymmetry was the most accurate criterion (89.5%) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma detection, use of this parameter alone would have missed 11.9% of early-stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinomas.

CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging features can help distinguish stage T1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma from benign hyperplasia in most cases.

BH
:   benign hyperplasia
BH1
:   BH type 1
BH2
:   BH type 2
%ΔA
:   maximum percentage difference in area
NPC
:   nasopharyngeal carcinoma" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node59528--5" data-node-nid="59528" id="top-node-59528--62054085170" data-pisa="ajnr;39/3/515" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5493" data-apath="/ajnr/39/3/515.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Head &amp; Neck</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">MR Imaging Criteria for the Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Discrimination of Early-Stage Primary Tumors from Benign Hyperplasia</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">A.D. King</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">L.Y.S. Wong</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">B.K.H. Law</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">K.S. Bhatia</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J.K.S. Woo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Q.-Y. Ai</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">T.Y. Tan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">J. Goh</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">K.L. Chuah</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">F.K.F. Mo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">K.C.A. Chan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">A.T.C. Chan</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">A.C. Vlantis</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">March 2018,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">39 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">515-523; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5493 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-59528--62054085170" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.D. King </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (A.D.K., L.Y.S.W., B.K.H.L., Q.-Y.A.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.D.%2BKing%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=King%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.D.%2BKing%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5280-8349" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.D. King</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L.Y.S. Wong </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (A.D.K., L.Y.S.W., B.K.H.L., Q.-Y.A.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.Y.S.%2BWong%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wong%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.Y.S.%2BWong%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7478-7710" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L.Y.S. Wong</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B.K.H. Law </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (A.D.K., L.Y.S.W., B.K.H.L., Q.-Y.A.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.K.H.%2BLaw%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Law%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.K.H.%2BLaw%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3836-8196" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B.K.H. Law</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K.S. Bhatia </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Imaging Department (K.S.B.), St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare, National Health Service Trust, London, UK</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.S.%2BBhatia%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bhatia%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.S.%2BBhatia%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-9416" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K.S. Bhatia</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.K.S. Woo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (J.K.S.W., A.C.V.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.K.S.%2BWoo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Woo%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.K.S.%2BWoo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3693-1467" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.K.S. Woo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Q.-Y. Ai </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Imaging and Interventional Radiology (A.D.K., L.Y.S.W., B.K.H.L., Q.-Y.A.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Q.-Y.%2BAi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ai%20Q&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AQ.-Y.%2BAi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1155-4389" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Q.-Y. Ai</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.Y. Tan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Radiology (T.Y.T.), Changi General Hospital, Singapore</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.Y.%2BTan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Tan%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.Y.%2BTan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-5301" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T.Y. Tan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Goh </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Departments of Diagnostic Radiology (J.G.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BGoh%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Goh%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BGoh%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1263-8680" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Goh</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K.L. Chuah </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>h</span>Pathology (K.L.C.), Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.L.%2BChuah%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chuah%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.L.%2BChuah%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-2303" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K.L. Chuah</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F.K.F. Mo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Clinical Oncology (F.K.F.M., A.T.C.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.K.F.%2BMo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mo%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.K.F.%2BMo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0566-3212" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F.K.F. Mo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K.C.A. Chan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Chemical Pathology (K.C.A.C.), State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, S.A.R., China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.C.A.%2BChan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chan%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.C.A.%2BChan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-1691" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K.C.A. Chan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.T.C. Chan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Clinical Oncology (F.K.F.M., A.T.C.C.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.T.C.%2BChan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chan%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.T.C.%2BChan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-8259" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.T.C. Chan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.C. Vlantis </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (J.K.S.W., A.C.V.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.C.%2BVlantis%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Vlantis%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.C.%2BVlantis%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-5236" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.C. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-39.3.515.1"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">King</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">AD</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Vlantis</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">AC</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Yuen</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">TW</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by MR imaging: diagnostic accuracy of MRI compared with endoscopy and endoscopic biopsy based on long-term follow-up</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2015</span>;<span class="cit-vol">36</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">2380</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">85</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3174/ajnr.A4456</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>26316564</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czoxMDoiMzYvMTIvMjM4MCI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjE5OiIvYWpuci8zOS8zLzUxNS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">4.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-4-1" title="View reference 4. in text" id="ref-4">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-39.3.515.4"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Lo</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">YM</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Chan</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">AT</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Chan</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">LY</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Molecular prognostication of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by quantitative analysis of circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Cancer Res</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2000</span>;<span class="cit-vol">60</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">6878</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">81</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>11156384</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NjoiY2FucmVzIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEwOiI2MC8yNC82ODc4IjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MTk6Ii9ham5yLzM5LzMvNTE1LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">5.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-5-1" title="View reference 5. in text" id="ref-5">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-39.3.515.5" data-doi="10.1373/clinchem.2003.022426"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Leung</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">SF</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Tam</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">JS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Chan</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">AT</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Improved accuracy of detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by combined application of circulating Epstein-Barr virus DNA and anti-Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen IgA antibody</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Clin Chem</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2004</span>;<span class="cit-vol">50</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">339</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">45</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1373/clinchem.2003.022426</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>14684618</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6ODoiY2xpbmNoZW0iO3M6NToicmVzaWQiO3M6ODoiNTAvMi8zMzkiO3M6NDoiYXRvbSI7czoxOToiL2FqbnIvMzkvMy81MTUuYXRvbSI7fXM6ODoiZnJhZ21lbnQiO3M6MDoiIjt9" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">6.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-6-1" title="View reference 6. in text" id="ref-6">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-39.3.515.6" data-doi="10.1002/cncr.28001"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
</li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Chan</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">KC</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Hung</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">EC</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Woo</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">JK</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA analysis in a surveillance program</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Cancer</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2013</span>;<span class="cit-vol">119</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">1838</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">44</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1002/cncr.28001</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>23436393</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/cncr.28001&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=23436393&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F39%2F3%2F515.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=000318505500013&amp;link_type=ISI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-newisilink cit-ref-sprinkles-webofscience"><span>Web of Science</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">7.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-7-1" title="View reference 7. in text" id="ref-7">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-39.3.515.7" data-doi="10.1056/NEJMoa1701717"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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      <div class="highwire-cite-highlight"><a href="/content/39/3"  class="highlight-image-linked"><img class="highlight-image" src="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/highwire/ajnr/39/3.cover-source.jpg?itok=1p_0N2Bg" alt="American Journal of Neuroradiology: 39 (3)" /></a></div>
  
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          <a href="/content/39/3" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">American Journal of Neuroradiology</span></a>      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 39</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 3 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Mar 2018 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">MR Imaging Criteria for the Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Discrimination of Early-Stage Primary Tumors from Benign Hyperplasia</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">King</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.Y.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wong</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.K.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Law</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bhatia</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.K.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Woo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Q.-Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ai</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Goh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chuah</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.K.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.C.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.T.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vlantis</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 2018, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">39 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">515-523; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5493 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">MR Imaging Criteria for the Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Discrimination of Early-Stage Primary Tumors from Benign Hyperplasia</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">King</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.Y.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wong</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.K.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Law</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bhatia</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.K.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Woo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Q.-Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ai</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Tan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Goh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chuah</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.K.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.C.A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.T.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vlantis</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Mar 2018, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">39 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(3) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">515-523; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5493 </span></div>
  
  
  
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