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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Reliability of MR Imaging–Based Posterior Fossa and Brain Stem Measurements in Open Spinal Dysraphism in the Era of Fetal Surgery" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A5930" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2019-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fetal MR imaging is part of the comprehensive prenatal assessment of fetuses with open spinal dysraphism. We aimed to assess the reliability of brain stem and posterior fossa measurements; use the reliable measurements to characterize fetuses with open spinal dysraphism versus what can be observed in healthy age-matched controls; and document changes in those within 1 week after prenatal repair.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of 349 MR imaging examinations took place, including 274 in controls and 52 in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, of whom 23 underwent prenatal repair and had additional early postoperative MR images. We evaluated measurements of the brain stem and the posterior fossa and the ventricular width in all populations for their reliability and differences between the groups.

RESULTS: The transverse cerebellar diameter, cerebellar herniation level, clivus-supraocciput angle, transverse diameter of the posterior fossa, posterior fossa area, and ventricular width showed an acceptable intra- and interobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient &gt; 0.5). In fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, these measurements were significantly different from those of healthy fetuses (all with P &lt; .0001). Furthermore, they also changed significantly ( P value range = .01 to &lt; .0001) within 1 week after the fetal operation with an evolution toward normal, most evident for the clivus-supraocciput angle (65.9 ± 12.5°; 76.6 ± 10.9; P &lt; .0001) and cerebellar herniation level (−9.9 ± 4.2 mm; −0.7 ± 5.2; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: In fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, brain stem measurements varied substantially between observers. However, measurements characterizing the posterior fossa could be reliably assessed and were significantly different from normal. Following a fetal operation, these deviations from normal values changed significantly within 1 week.

ACi
:   atriocerebral index
CHL
:   cerebellar herniation level
CSA
:   clivus-supraocciput angle
GA
:   gestational age
ICC
:   intraclass correlation coefficient
OSD
:   open spinal dysraphism
PF
:   posterior fossa
TCD
:   transverse cerebellar diameter
TDPF
:   transverse diameter of the PF
VW
:   ventricular width" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Aertsen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Verduyckt" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. De Keyzer" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T. Vercauteren" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="F. Van Calenbergh" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. De Catte" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Dymarkowski" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P. Demaerel" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Deprest" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2019-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Reliability of MR Imaging–Based Posterior Fossa and Brain Stem Measurements in Open Spinal Dysraphism in the Era of Fetal Surgery" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Fetal MR imaging is part of the comprehensive prenatal assessment of fetuses with open spinal dysraphism. We aimed to assess the reliability of brain stem and posterior fossa measurements; use the reliable measurements to characterize fetuses with open spinal dysraphism versus what can be observed in healthy age-matched controls; and document changes in those within 1 week after prenatal repair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Retrospective evaluation of 349 MR imaging examinations took place, including 274 in controls and 52 in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, of whom 23 underwent prenatal repair and had additional early postoperative MR images. We evaluated measurements of the brain stem and the posterior fossa and the ventricular width in all populations for their reliability and differences between the groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The transverse cerebellar diameter, cerebellar herniation level, clivus-supraocciput angle, transverse diameter of the posterior fossa, posterior fossa area, and ventricular width showed an acceptable intra- and interobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient &amp;gt; 0.5). In fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, these measurements were significantly different from those of healthy fetuses (all with &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0001). Furthermore, they also changed significantly (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; value range = .01 to &amp;lt; .0001) within 1 week after the fetal operation with an evolution toward normal, most evident for the clivus-supraocciput angle (65.9 ± 12.5°; 76.6 ± 10.9; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0001) and cerebellar herniation level (−9.9 ± 4.2 mm; −0.7 ± 5.2; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .0001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, brain stem measurements varied substantially between observers. However, measurements characterizing the posterior fossa could be reliably assessed and were significantly different from normal. Following a fetal operation, these deviations from normal values changed significantly within 1 week.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Reliability of MR Imaging–Based Posterior Fossa and Brain Stem Measurements in Open Spinal Dysraphism in the Era of Fetal Surgery" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fetal MR imaging is part of the comprehensive prenatal assessment of fetuses with open spinal dysraphism. We aimed to assess the reliability of brain stem and posterior fossa measurements; use the reliable measurements to characterize fetuses with open spinal dysraphism versus what can be observed in healthy age-matched controls; and document changes in those within 1 week after prenatal repair.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of 349 MR imaging examinations took place, including 274 in controls and 52 in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, of whom 23 underwent prenatal repair and had additional early postoperative MR images. We evaluated measurements of the brain stem and the posterior fossa and the ventricular width in all populations for their reliability and differences between the groups.

RESULTS: The transverse cerebellar diameter, cerebellar herniation level, clivus-supraocciput angle, transverse diameter of the posterior fossa, posterior fossa area, and ventricular width showed an acceptable intra- and interobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient &gt; 0.5). In fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, these measurements were significantly different from those of healthy fetuses (all with P &lt; .0001). Furthermore, they also changed significantly ( P value range = .01 to &lt; .0001) within 1 week after the fetal operation with an evolution toward normal, most evident for the clivus-supraocciput angle (65.9 ± 12.5°; 76.6 ± 10.9; P &lt; .0001) and cerebellar herniation level (−9.9 ± 4.2 mm; −0.7 ± 5.2; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: In fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, brain stem measurements varied substantially between observers. However, measurements characterizing the posterior fossa could be reliably assessed and were significantly different from normal. Following a fetal operation, these deviations from normal values changed significantly within 1 week.

ACi
:   atriocerebral index
CHL
:   cerebellar herniation level
CSA
:   clivus-supraocciput angle
GA
:   gestational age
ICC
:   intraclass correlation coefficient
OSD
:   open spinal dysraphism
PF
:   posterior fossa
TCD
:   transverse cerebellar diameter
TDPF
:   transverse diameter of the PF
VW
:   ventricular width" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Reliability of MR Imaging–Based Posterior Fossa and Brain Stem Measurements in Open Spinal Dysraphism in the Era of Fetal Surgery" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/40/1/191" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Fetal MR imaging is part of the comprehensive prenatal assessment of fetuses with open spinal dysraphism. We aimed to assess the reliability of brain stem and posterior fossa measurements; use the reliable measurements to characterize fetuses with open spinal dysraphism versus what can be observed in healthy age-matched controls; and document changes in those within 1 week after prenatal repair.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of 349 MR imaging examinations took place, including 274 in controls and 52 in fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, of whom 23 underwent prenatal repair and had additional early postoperative MR images. We evaluated measurements of the brain stem and the posterior fossa and the ventricular width in all populations for their reliability and differences between the groups.

RESULTS: The transverse cerebellar diameter, cerebellar herniation level, clivus-supraocciput angle, transverse diameter of the posterior fossa, posterior fossa area, and ventricular width showed an acceptable intra- and interobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient &gt; 0.5). In fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, these measurements were significantly different from those of healthy fetuses (all with P &lt; .0001). Furthermore, they also changed significantly ( P value range = .01 to &lt; .0001) within 1 week after the fetal operation with an evolution toward normal, most evident for the clivus-supraocciput angle (65.9 ± 12.5°; 76.6 ± 10.9; P &lt; .0001) and cerebellar herniation level (−9.9 ± 4.2 mm; −0.7 ± 5.2; P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: In fetuses with open spinal dysraphism, brain stem measurements varied substantially between observers. However, measurements characterizing the posterior fossa could be reliably assessed and were significantly different from normal. Following a fetal operation, these deviations from normal values changed significantly within 1 week.

ACi
:   atriocerebral index
CHL
:   cerebellar herniation level
CSA
:   clivus-supraocciput angle
GA
:   gestational age
ICC
:   intraclass correlation coefficient
OSD
:   open spinal dysraphism
PF
:   posterior fossa
TCD
:   transverse cerebellar diameter
TDPF
:   transverse diameter of the PF
VW
:   ventricular width" />
<meta name="og-type" property="og:type" content="article" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node65259--5" data-node-nid="65259" id="top-node-65259--6133583998" data-pisa="ajnr;40/1/191" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A5930" data-apath="/ajnr/40/1/191.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Pediatrics</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Reliability of MR Imaging–Based Posterior Fossa and Brain Stem Measurements in Open Spinal Dysraphism in the Era of Fetal Surgery</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M. Aertsen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">J. Verduyckt</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">F. De Keyzer</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">T. Vercauteren</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">F. Van Calenbergh</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">L. De Catte</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">S. Dymarkowski</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">P. Demaerel</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">J. Deprest</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2019,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">191-198; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A5930 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-65259--6133583998" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Aertsen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Imaging and Pathology (M.A., J.V., F.D.K., S.D., P.D.), Clinical Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BAertsen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Aertsen%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BAertsen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-5365" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Aertsen</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Verduyckt </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Imaging and Pathology (M.A., J.V., F.D.K., S.D., P.D.), Clinical Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BVerduyckt%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Verduyckt%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BVerduyckt%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4410-9169" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Verduyckt</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. De Keyzer </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Imaging and Pathology (M.A., J.V., F.D.K., S.D., P.D.), Clinical Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BDe%2BKeyzer%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=De%20Keyzer%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BDe%2BKeyzer%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1855-3274" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. De Keyzer</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T. Vercauteren </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences (T.V.), King's College, London</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.%2BVercauteren%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Vercauteren%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.%2BVercauteren%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1794-0456" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T. Vercauteren</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">F. Van Calenbergh </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Neurosurgery (F.V.C.), University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=F.%2BVan%2BCalenbergh%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Van%20Calenbergh%20F&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AF.%2BVan%2BCalenbergh%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-9661" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for F. Van Calenbergh</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. De Catte </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Academic Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child (L.D.C., J.D.), Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BDe%2BCatte%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=De%20Catte%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BDe%2BCatte%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-9673" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. De Catte</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Dymarkowski </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Imaging and Pathology (M.A., J.V., F.D.K., S.D., P.D.), Clinical Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BDymarkowski%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dymarkowski%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BDymarkowski%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-1524" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Dymarkowski</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P. Demaerel </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Imaging and Pathology (M.A., J.V., F.D.K., S.D., P.D.), Clinical Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.%2BDemaerel%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Demaerel%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.%2BDemaerel%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6678-0519" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P. Demaerel</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Deprest </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Academic Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child (L.D.C., J.D.), Group Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Institute for Women's Health, University College London, (J.D.), London, UK.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BDeprest%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Deprest%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BDeprest%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-945X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Deprest</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-40.1.191.1" data-doi="10.1016/j.ejpn.2009.03.005"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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          <a href="/content/40/1" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">American Journal of Neuroradiology</span></a>      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 40</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 1 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jan 2019 </div></div>
      
      
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2019, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">191-198; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5930 </span></div>
  
  
  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Aertsen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Verduyckt</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">De Keyzer</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">T.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vercauteren</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Van Calenbergh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">De Catte</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dymarkowski</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">P.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Demaerel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Deprest</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2019, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">191-198; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A5930 </span></div>
  
  
  
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