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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Age-Dependent Signal Intensity Changes in the Structurally Normal Pediatric Brain on Unenhanced T1-Weighted MR Imaging" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6254" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2019-11-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Various pathologic and nonpathologic states result in brain parenchymal signal intensity changes on unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. However, the absence of quantitative data to characterize typical age-related signal intensity values limits evaluation. We sought to establish a range of age-dependent brain parenchymal signal intensity values on unenhanced T1WI in a sample of individuals (18 years of age or younger) with structurally normal brains.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective study was performed. Gadolinium-naïve pediatric patients with structurally normal MR brain imaging examination findings were analyzed ( n = 114; 50% female; age range, 68 days to 18 years). ROI signal intensity measurements were obtained from the globus pallidus, thalamus, dentate nucleus, pons, and frontal lobe cortex and subcortical white matter. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between signal intensity values and age.

RESULTS: Results demonstrated a statistically significant association between signal intensity values and linear age in all neuroanatomic areas tested, except the frontal gray matter, ( P &lt; .01). There were no statistically significant differences attributable to patient sex.

CONCLUSIONS: Age-dependent signal intensity values were determined on unenhanced T1WI in structurally normal pediatric brains. Increased age correlated with increased signal intensity in all brain locations, except the frontal gray matter, irrespective of sex. The biologic mechanisms underlying our results remain unclear and may be related to chronologic changes in myelin density, synaptic density, and water content. Establishing age-dependent signal intensity parameters in the structurally normal pediatric brain will help clarify developmental aberrations and enhance gadolinium-deposition research by providing an improved understanding of the confounding effect of age." />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="T.F. Flood" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="P.R. Bhatt" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Jensen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.A. Maloney" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N.V. Stence" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.M. Mirsky" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2019-11-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Age-Dependent Signal Intensity Changes in the Structurally Normal Pediatric Brain on Unenhanced T1-Weighted MR Imaging" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Various pathologic and nonpathologic states result in brain parenchymal signal intensity changes on unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. However, the absence of quantitative data to characterize typical age-related signal intensity values limits evaluation. We sought to establish a range of age-dependent brain parenchymal signal intensity values on unenhanced T1WI in a sample of individuals (18 years of age or younger) with structurally normal brains.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A single-center retrospective study was performed. Gadolinium-naïve pediatric patients with structurally normal MR brain imaging examination findings were analyzed (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 114; 50% female; age range, 68 days to 18 years). ROI signal intensity measurements were obtained from the globus pallidus, thalamus, dentate nucleus, pons, and frontal lobe cortex and subcortical white matter. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between signal intensity values and age.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Results demonstrated a statistically significant association between signal intensity values and linear age in all neuroanatomic areas tested, except the frontal gray matter, (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .01). There were no statistically significant differences attributable to patient sex.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Age-dependent signal intensity values were determined on unenhanced T1WI in structurally normal pediatric brains. Increased age correlated with increased signal intensity in all brain locations, except the frontal gray matter, irrespective of sex. The biologic mechanisms underlying our results remain unclear and may be related to chronologic changes in myelin density, synaptic density, and water content. Establishing age-dependent signal intensity parameters in the structurally normal pediatric brain will help clarify developmental aberrations and enhance gadolinium-deposition research by providing an improved understanding of the confounding effect of age.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Age-Dependent Signal Intensity Changes in the Structurally Normal Pediatric Brain on Unenhanced T1-Weighted MR Imaging" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Various pathologic and nonpathologic states result in brain parenchymal signal intensity changes on unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. However, the absence of quantitative data to characterize typical age-related signal intensity values limits evaluation. We sought to establish a range of age-dependent brain parenchymal signal intensity values on unenhanced T1WI in a sample of individuals (18 years of age or younger) with structurally normal brains.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective study was performed. Gadolinium-naïve pediatric patients with structurally normal MR brain imaging examination findings were analyzed ( n = 114; 50% female; age range, 68 days to 18 years). ROI signal intensity measurements were obtained from the globus pallidus, thalamus, dentate nucleus, pons, and frontal lobe cortex and subcortical white matter. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between signal intensity values and age.

RESULTS: Results demonstrated a statistically significant association between signal intensity values and linear age in all neuroanatomic areas tested, except the frontal gray matter, ( P &lt; .01). There were no statistically significant differences attributable to patient sex.

CONCLUSIONS: Age-dependent signal intensity values were determined on unenhanced T1WI in structurally normal pediatric brains. Increased age correlated with increased signal intensity in all brain locations, except the frontal gray matter, irrespective of sex. The biologic mechanisms underlying our results remain unclear and may be related to chronologic changes in myelin density, synaptic density, and water content. Establishing age-dependent signal intensity parameters in the structurally normal pediatric brain will help clarify developmental aberrations and enhance gadolinium-deposition research by providing an improved understanding of the confounding effect of age." />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Age-Dependent Signal Intensity Changes in the Structurally Normal Pediatric Brain on Unenhanced T1-Weighted MR Imaging" />
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<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Various pathologic and nonpathologic states result in brain parenchymal signal intensity changes on unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. However, the absence of quantitative data to characterize typical age-related signal intensity values limits evaluation. We sought to establish a range of age-dependent brain parenchymal signal intensity values on unenhanced T1WI in a sample of individuals (18 years of age or younger) with structurally normal brains.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective study was performed. Gadolinium-naïve pediatric patients with structurally normal MR brain imaging examination findings were analyzed ( n = 114; 50% female; age range, 68 days to 18 years). ROI signal intensity measurements were obtained from the globus pallidus, thalamus, dentate nucleus, pons, and frontal lobe cortex and subcortical white matter. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between signal intensity values and age.

RESULTS: Results demonstrated a statistically significant association between signal intensity values and linear age in all neuroanatomic areas tested, except the frontal gray matter, ( P &lt; .01). There were no statistically significant differences attributable to patient sex.

CONCLUSIONS: Age-dependent signal intensity values were determined on unenhanced T1WI in structurally normal pediatric brains. Increased age correlated with increased signal intensity in all brain locations, except the frontal gray matter, irrespective of sex. The biologic mechanisms underlying our results remain unclear and may be related to chronologic changes in myelin density, synaptic density, and water content. Establishing age-dependent signal intensity parameters in the structurally normal pediatric brain will help clarify developmental aberrations and enhance gadolinium-deposition research by providing an improved understanding of the confounding effect of age." />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Pediatrics</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Age-Dependent Signal Intensity Changes in the Structurally Normal Pediatric Brain on Unenhanced T1-Weighted MR Imaging</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">T.F. Flood</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">P.R. Bhatt</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">A. Jensen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">J.A. Maloney</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">N.V. Stence</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">D.M. Mirsky</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2019,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(11) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1824-1828; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6254 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-71313--81529049564" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">T.F. Flood </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (T.F.F., P.R.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=T.F.%2BFlood%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Flood%20T&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AT.F.%2BFlood%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9653-0871" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for T.F. Flood</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">P.R. Bhatt </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology (T.F.F., P.R.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=P.R.%2BBhatt%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Bhatt%20P&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AP.R.%2BBhatt%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4391-7746" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for P.R. Bhatt</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Jensen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Biostatistics & Informatics (A.J.), University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BJensen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Jensen%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BJensen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6337-9079" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Jensen</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.A. Maloney </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (J.A.M., N.V.S., D.M.M.), University of Colorado Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.A.%2BMaloney%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Maloney%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.A.%2BMaloney%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1117-7533" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.A. Maloney</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">N.V. Stence </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (J.A.M., N.V.S., D.M.M.), University of Colorado Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.V.%2BStence%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Stence%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.V.%2BStence%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2710-7073" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for N.V. Stence</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.M. Mirsky </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (J.A.M., N.V.S., D.M.M.), University of Colorado Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.M.%2BMirsky%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mirsky%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.M.%2BMirsky%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2162-515X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.M. Mirsky</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="contributors"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1"><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1"><span class="name">T.F. Flood</span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-2"><span class="name">P.R. Bhatt</span><a id="xref-aff-1-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-3"><span class="name">A. Jensen</span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-4"><span class="name">J.A. Maloney</span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-5"><span class="name">N.V. Stence</span><a id="xref-aff-3-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a> and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-6"><span class="name">D.M. Mirsky</span><a id="xref-aff-3-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a></li></ol><ol class="affiliation-list"><li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address><sup>a</sup>From the Departments of Radiology (T.F.F., P.R.B.)</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address><sup>b</sup>Biostatistics &amp; Informatics (A.J.), University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address><sup>c</sup>Department of Radiology (J.A.M., N.V.S., D.M.M.), University of Colorado Children's Hospital, Aurora, Colorado</address></li></ol><ol class="corresp-list"><li class="corresp" id="corresp-1">Please address correspondence to David M. Mirsky, MD, <span class="addr-line">Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Children's Hospital, 13123 East 16th Ave, Box B125, Aurora, CO 80045</span>; e-mail: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr">David.Mirsky{at}childrenscolorado.org</span></span></li></ol></div></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/40/11/1824.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2019, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(11) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1824-1828; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6254 </span></div>
  
  
  
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