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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Convolutional Neural Network–Based Automated Segmentation of the Spinal Cord and Contusion Injury: Deep Learning Biomarker Correlates of Motor Impairment in Acute Spinal Cord Injury" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6020" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2019-04-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aim was to use 2D convolutional neural networks for automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and traumatic contusion injury from axial T2-weighted MR imaging in a cohort of patients with acute spinal cord injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients who underwent 3T MR imaging within 24 hours of spinal cord injury were included. We developed an image-analysis pipeline integrating 2D convolutional neural networks for whole spinal cord and intramedullary spinal cord lesion segmentation. Linear mixed modeling was used to compare test segmentation results between our spinal cord injury convolutional neural network (Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation) and current state-of-the-art methods. Volumes of segmented lesions were then used in a linear regression analysis to determine associations with motor scores.

RESULTS: Compared with manual labeling, the average test set Dice coefficient for the Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation model was 0.93 for spinal cord segmentation versus 0.80 for PropSeg and 0.90 for DeepSeg (both components of the Spinal Cord Toolbox). Linear mixed modeling showed a significant difference between Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation compared with PropSeg (P &lt; .001) and DeepSeg ( P &lt; .05). Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation showed significantly better adaptability to damaged areas compared with PropSeg ( P &lt; .001) and DeepSeg ( P &lt; .02). The contusion injury volumes based on automated segmentation were significantly associated with motor scores at admission ( P = .002) and discharge ( P = .009).

CONCLUSIONS: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation of the spinal cord compares favorably with available segmentation tools in a population with acute spinal cord injury. Volumes of injury derived from automated lesion segmentation with Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation correlate with measures of motor impairment in the acute phase. Targeted convolutional neural network training in acute spinal cord injury enhances algorithm performance for this patient population and provides clinically relevant metrics of cord injury.

BASICseg
:   Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation
CNN
:   convolutional neural network
SC
:   spinal cord
SCI
:   spinal cord injury
SCT
:   Spinal Cord Toolbox" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.B. McCoy" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.M. Dupont" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Gros" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Cohen-Adad" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.J. Huie" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Ferguson" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="X. Duong-Fernandez" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.H. Thomas" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V. Singh" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Narvid" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Pascual" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="N. Kyritsis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.S. Beattie" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.C. Bresnahan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Dhall" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W. Whetstone" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.F. Talbott" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="TRACK-SCI Investigators" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2019-04-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Spine" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Convolutional Neural Network–Based Automated Segmentation of the Spinal Cord and Contusion Injury: Deep Learning Biomarker Correlates of Motor Impairment in Acute Spinal Cord Injury" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our aim was to use 2D convolutional neural networks for automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and traumatic contusion injury from axial T2-weighted MR imaging in a cohort of patients with acute spinal cord injury.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Forty-seven patients who underwent 3T MR imaging within 24 hours of spinal cord injury were included. We developed an image-analysis pipeline integrating 2D convolutional neural networks for whole spinal cord and intramedullary spinal cord lesion segmentation. Linear mixed modeling was used to compare test segmentation results between our spinal cord injury convolutional neural network (Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation) and current state-of-the-art methods. Volumes of segmented lesions were then used in a linear regression analysis to determine associations with motor scores.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Compared with manual labeling, the average test set Dice coefficient for the Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation model was 0.93 for spinal cord segmentation versus 0.80 for PropSeg and 0.90 for DeepSeg (both components of the Spinal Cord Toolbox). Linear mixed modeling showed a significant difference between Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation compared with PropSeg (P &amp;lt; .001) and DeepSeg (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .05). Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation showed significantly better adaptability to damaged areas compared with PropSeg (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001) and DeepSeg (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .02). The contusion injury volumes based on automated segmentation were significantly associated with motor scores at admission (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .002) and discharge (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .009).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation of the spinal cord compares favorably with available segmentation tools in a population with acute spinal cord injury. Volumes of injury derived from automated lesion segmentation with Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation correlate with measures of motor impairment in the acute phase. Targeted convolutional neural network training in acute spinal cord injury enhances algorithm performance for this patient population and provides clinically relevant metrics of cord injury.&lt;/p&gt;" />
<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019/04/01" />
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<meta name="citation_issn" content="0195-6108" />
<meta name="citation_issn" content="1936-959X" />
<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6020" />
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<meta name="citation_author" content="D.B. McCoy" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="aFrom the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.B.M., S.M.D., J.N., J.F.T.)" />
<meta name="citation_author_institution" content="cBrain and Spinal Injury Center (D.B.M., R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W.)" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Convolutional Neural Network–Based Automated Segmentation of the Spinal Cord and Contusion Injury: Deep Learning Biomarker Correlates of Motor Impairment in Acute Spinal Cord Injury" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aim was to use 2D convolutional neural networks for automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and traumatic contusion injury from axial T2-weighted MR imaging in a cohort of patients with acute spinal cord injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients who underwent 3T MR imaging within 24 hours of spinal cord injury were included. We developed an image-analysis pipeline integrating 2D convolutional neural networks for whole spinal cord and intramedullary spinal cord lesion segmentation. Linear mixed modeling was used to compare test segmentation results between our spinal cord injury convolutional neural network (Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation) and current state-of-the-art methods. Volumes of segmented lesions were then used in a linear regression analysis to determine associations with motor scores.

RESULTS: Compared with manual labeling, the average test set Dice coefficient for the Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation model was 0.93 for spinal cord segmentation versus 0.80 for PropSeg and 0.90 for DeepSeg (both components of the Spinal Cord Toolbox). Linear mixed modeling showed a significant difference between Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation compared with PropSeg (P &lt; .001) and DeepSeg ( P &lt; .05). Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation showed significantly better adaptability to damaged areas compared with PropSeg ( P &lt; .001) and DeepSeg ( P &lt; .02). The contusion injury volumes based on automated segmentation were significantly associated with motor scores at admission ( P = .002) and discharge ( P = .009).

CONCLUSIONS: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation of the spinal cord compares favorably with available segmentation tools in a population with acute spinal cord injury. Volumes of injury derived from automated lesion segmentation with Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation correlate with measures of motor impairment in the acute phase. Targeted convolutional neural network training in acute spinal cord injury enhances algorithm performance for this patient population and provides clinically relevant metrics of cord injury.

BASICseg
:   Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation
CNN
:   convolutional neural network
SC
:   spinal cord
SCI
:   spinal cord injury
SCT
:   Spinal Cord Toolbox" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Convolutional Neural Network–Based Automated Segmentation of the Spinal Cord and Contusion Injury: Deep Learning Biomarker Correlates of Motor Impairment in Acute Spinal Cord Injury" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/40/4/737" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aim was to use 2D convolutional neural networks for automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and traumatic contusion injury from axial T2-weighted MR imaging in a cohort of patients with acute spinal cord injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients who underwent 3T MR imaging within 24 hours of spinal cord injury were included. We developed an image-analysis pipeline integrating 2D convolutional neural networks for whole spinal cord and intramedullary spinal cord lesion segmentation. Linear mixed modeling was used to compare test segmentation results between our spinal cord injury convolutional neural network (Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation) and current state-of-the-art methods. Volumes of segmented lesions were then used in a linear regression analysis to determine associations with motor scores.

RESULTS: Compared with manual labeling, the average test set Dice coefficient for the Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation model was 0.93 for spinal cord segmentation versus 0.80 for PropSeg and 0.90 for DeepSeg (both components of the Spinal Cord Toolbox). Linear mixed modeling showed a significant difference between Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation compared with PropSeg (P &lt; .001) and DeepSeg ( P &lt; .05). Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation showed significantly better adaptability to damaged areas compared with PropSeg ( P &lt; .001) and DeepSeg ( P &lt; .02). The contusion injury volumes based on automated segmentation were significantly associated with motor scores at admission ( P = .002) and discharge ( P = .009).

CONCLUSIONS: Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation of the spinal cord compares favorably with available segmentation tools in a population with acute spinal cord injury. Volumes of injury derived from automated lesion segmentation with Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation correlate with measures of motor impairment in the acute phase. Targeted convolutional neural network training in acute spinal cord injury enhances algorithm performance for this patient population and provides clinically relevant metrics of cord injury.

BASICseg
:   Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center segmentation
CNN
:   convolutional neural network
SC
:   spinal cord
SCI
:   spinal cord injury
SCT
:   Spinal Cord Toolbox" />
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    <title>Convolutional Neural Network–Based Automated Segmentation of the Spinal Cord and Contusion Injury: Deep Learning Biomarker Correlates of Motor Impairment in Acute Spinal Cord Injury | American Journal of Neuroradiology</title>  
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node66933--5" data-node-nid="66933" id="top-node-66933--61655083295" data-pisa="ajnr;40/4/737" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A6020" data-apath="/ajnr/40/4/737.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Spine</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Convolutional Neural Network–Based Automated Segmentation of the Spinal Cord and Contusion Injury: Deep Learning Biomarker Correlates of Motor Impairment in Acute Spinal Cord Injury</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">D.B. McCoy</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">S.M. Dupont</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">C. Gros</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">J. Cohen-Adad</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">R.J. Huie</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">A. Ferguson</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">X. Duong-Fernandez</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">L.H. Thomas</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">V. Singh</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">J. Narvid</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">L. Pascual</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">N. Kyritsis</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">M.S. Beattie</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">J.C. Bresnahan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">S. Dhall</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15">W. Whetstone</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16">J.F. Talbott</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-collab" data-hwp-id="collab-1">TRACK-SCI Investigators</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">April 2019,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">737-744; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6020 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-66933--61655083295" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.B. McCoy </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.B.M., S.M.D., J.N., J.F.T.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain and Spinal Injury Center (D.B.M., R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.B.%2BMcCoy%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=McCoy%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.B.%2BMcCoy%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2425-1923" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.B. McCoy</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.M. Dupont </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.B.M., S.M.D., J.N., J.F.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.M.%2BDupont%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dupont%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.M.%2BDupont%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-7056" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.M. Dupont</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Gros </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>NeuroPoly Lab (C.G., J.C.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BGros%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gros%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BGros%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-0024" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Gros</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Cohen-Adad </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>NeuroPoly Lab (C.G., J.C.-A.), Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BCohen-Adad%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cohen-Adad%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BCohen-Adad%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3662-9532" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Cohen-Adad</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R.J. Huie </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W., J.F.T.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain and Spinal Injury Center (D.B.M., R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.J.%2BHuie%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Huie%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.J.%2BHuie%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5594-4277" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.J. 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Ferguson </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W., J.F.T.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain and Spinal Injury Center (D.B.M., R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BFerguson%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ferguson%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BFerguson%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7102-1608" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. 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Duong-Fernandez </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W., J.F.T.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain and Spinal Injury Center (D.B.M., R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=X.%2BDuong-Fernandez%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Duong-Fernandez%20X&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AX.%2BDuong-Fernandez%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8362-4166" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for X. 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Thomas </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W., J.F.T.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain and Spinal Injury Center (D.B.M., R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.H.%2BThomas%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Thomas%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.H.%2BThomas%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-0240" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L.H. 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Singh </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Departments of Neurology (V.S.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.%2BSingh%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Singh%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.%2BSingh%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-3532" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for V. Singh</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Narvid </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (D.B.M., S.M.D., J.N., J.F.T.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BNarvid%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Narvid%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BNarvid%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2887-4231" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. 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Kyritsis </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W., J.F.T.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain and Spinal Injury Center (D.B.M., R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=N.%2BKyritsis%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kyritsis%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AN.%2BKyritsis%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7801-5796" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for N. 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Beattie </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W., J.F.T.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain and Spinal Injury Center (D.B.M., R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.S.%2BBeattie%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Beattie%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.S.%2BBeattie%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9463-3631" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.S. 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Whetstone </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Neurological Surgery (R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W., J.F.T.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Brain and Spinal Injury Center (D.B.M., R.J.H., A.F., X.D.-F., L.H.T., N.K., M.S.B., J.C.B., S.D., W.W.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=W.%2BWhetstone%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Whetstone%20W&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AW.%2BWhetstone%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8568-6640" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for W. 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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 40</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 4 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Apr 2019 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Convolutional Neural Network–Based Automated Segmentation of the Spinal Cord and Contusion Injury: Deep Learning Biomarker Correlates of Motor Impairment in Acute Spinal Cord Injury</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McCoy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dupont</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gros</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cohen-Adad</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Huie</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ferguson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Duong-Fernandez</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Thomas</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Singh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Narvid</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pascual</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kyritsis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Beattie</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bresnahan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dhall</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Whetstone</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Talbott</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-collab" data-hwp-id="collab-1">TRACK-SCI Investigators</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Apr 2019, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">737-744; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6020 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Convolutional Neural Network–Based Automated Segmentation of the Spinal Cord and Contusion Injury: Deep Learning Biomarker Correlates of Motor Impairment in Acute Spinal Cord Injury</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">McCoy</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dupont</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gros</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cohen-Adad</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Huie</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ferguson</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">X.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Duong-Fernandez</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Thomas</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">V.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Singh</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Narvid</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Pascual</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">N.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kyritsis</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Beattie</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Bresnahan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dhall</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Whetstone</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="16"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Talbott</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="17"><span class="nlm-collab" data-hwp-id="collab-1">TRACK-SCI Investigators</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Apr 2019, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">737-744; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6020 </span></div>
  
  
  
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