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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Comparison of Multiple Sclerosis Cortical Lesion Types Detected by Multicontrast 3T and 7T MRI" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6099" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2019-07-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aims were the following: 1) to compare multicontrast cortical lesion detection using 3T and 7T MR imaging, 2) to compare cortical lesion type frequency in relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive MS, and 3) to assess whether detectability is related to the magnetization transfer ratio, an imaging marker sensitive to myelin content.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicontrast 3T and 7T MR images from 10 participants with relapsing-remitting MS and 10 with secondary-progressive MS. We used the following 3T contrast sequences: 3D-T1-weighted, quantitative T1, FLAIR, magnetization-transfer, and 2D proton-density- and T2-weighted. We used the following 7T contrast sequences: 3D-T1-weighted, quantitative T1, and 2D-T2*-weighted.

RESULTS: Cortical lesion counts at 7T were the following: 720 total cortical lesions, 420 leukocortical lesions (58%), 27 intracortical lesions (4%), and 273 subpial lesions (38%). Cortical lesion counts at 3T were the following: 424 total cortical, 393 leukocortical (93%), zero intracortical, and 31 subpial (7%) lesions. Total, intracortical, and subpial 3T lesion counts were significantly lower than the 7T counts ( P &lt; .002). Leukocortical lesion counts were not significantly different between scanners. Total and leukocortical lesion counts were significantly higher in secondary-progressive MS, at 3T and 7T ( P ≤ .02). Subpial lesions were significantly higher in secondary-progressive MS at 7T ( P = .006). The magnetization transfer ratio values of leukocortical lesions visible on both scanners were significantly lower than the magnetization transfer ratio values of leukocortical lesions visible only at 3T. No significant difference was found in magnetization transfer ratio values between subpial lesions visible only at 7T and subpial lesions visible on both 3T and 7T.

CONCLUSIONS: Detection of leukocortical lesions at 3T is comparable with that at 7T MR imaging. Imaging at 3T is less sensitive to intracortical and subpial lesions. Leukocortical lesions not visible on 7T T2*-weighted MRI may be associated with less demyelination than those that are visible. Detectability of subpial lesions does not appear to be related to the degree of demyelination.

CL
:   cortical lesion
IC
:   intracortical
LC
:   leukocortical
MTR
:   magnetization transfer ratio
NAcGM
:   normal-appearing cortical GM
RRMS
:   relapsing-remitting MS
SP
:   subpial
SPMS
:   secondary-progressive MS" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Maranzano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Dadar" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.A. Rudko" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. De Nigris" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Elliott" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.S. Gati" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.A. Morrow" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R.S. Menon" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.L. Collins" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.L. Arnold" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Narayanan" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2019-07-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Comparison of Multiple Sclerosis Cortical Lesion Types Detected by Multicontrast 3T and 7T MRI" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Our aims were the following: 1) to compare multicontrast cortical lesion detection using 3T and 7T MR imaging, 2) to compare cortical lesion type frequency in relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive MS, and 3) to assess whether detectability is related to the magnetization transfer ratio, an imaging marker sensitive to myelin content.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Multicontrast 3T and 7T MR images from 10 participants with relapsing-remitting MS and 10 with secondary-progressive MS. We used the following 3T contrast sequences: 3D-T1-weighted, quantitative T1, FLAIR, magnetization-transfer, and 2D proton-density- and T2-weighted. We used the following 7T contrast sequences: 3D-T1-weighted, quantitative T1, and 2D-T2*-weighted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cortical lesion counts at 7T were the following: 720 total cortical lesions, 420 leukocortical lesions (58%), 27 intracortical lesions (4%), and 273 subpial lesions (38%). Cortical lesion counts at 3T were the following: 424 total cortical, 393 leukocortical (93%), zero intracortical, and 31 subpial (7%) lesions. Total, intracortical, and subpial 3T lesion counts were significantly lower than the 7T counts (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .002). Leukocortical lesion counts were not significantly different between scanners. Total and leukocortical lesion counts were significantly higher in secondary-progressive MS, at 3T and 7T (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ .02). Subpial lesions were significantly higher in secondary-progressive MS at 7T (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .006). The magnetization transfer ratio values of leukocortical lesions visible on both scanners were significantly lower than the magnetization transfer ratio values of leukocortical lesions visible only at 3T. No significant difference was found in magnetization transfer ratio values between subpial lesions visible only at 7T and subpial lesions visible on both 3T and 7T.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Detection of leukocortical lesions at 3T is comparable with that at 7T MR imaging. Imaging at 3T is less sensitive to intracortical and subpial lesions. Leukocortical lesions not visible on 7T T2*-weighted MRI may be associated with less demyelination than those that are visible. Detectability of subpial lesions does not appear to be related to the degree of demyelination.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Comparison of Multiple Sclerosis Cortical Lesion Types Detected by Multicontrast 3T and 7T MRI" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aims were the following: 1) to compare multicontrast cortical lesion detection using 3T and 7T MR imaging, 2) to compare cortical lesion type frequency in relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive MS, and 3) to assess whether detectability is related to the magnetization transfer ratio, an imaging marker sensitive to myelin content.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicontrast 3T and 7T MR images from 10 participants with relapsing-remitting MS and 10 with secondary-progressive MS. We used the following 3T contrast sequences: 3D-T1-weighted, quantitative T1, FLAIR, magnetization-transfer, and 2D proton-density- and T2-weighted. We used the following 7T contrast sequences: 3D-T1-weighted, quantitative T1, and 2D-T2*-weighted.

RESULTS: Cortical lesion counts at 7T were the following: 720 total cortical lesions, 420 leukocortical lesions (58%), 27 intracortical lesions (4%), and 273 subpial lesions (38%). Cortical lesion counts at 3T were the following: 424 total cortical, 393 leukocortical (93%), zero intracortical, and 31 subpial (7%) lesions. Total, intracortical, and subpial 3T lesion counts were significantly lower than the 7T counts ( P &lt; .002). Leukocortical lesion counts were not significantly different between scanners. Total and leukocortical lesion counts were significantly higher in secondary-progressive MS, at 3T and 7T ( P ≤ .02). Subpial lesions were significantly higher in secondary-progressive MS at 7T ( P = .006). The magnetization transfer ratio values of leukocortical lesions visible on both scanners were significantly lower than the magnetization transfer ratio values of leukocortical lesions visible only at 3T. No significant difference was found in magnetization transfer ratio values between subpial lesions visible only at 7T and subpial lesions visible on both 3T and 7T.

CONCLUSIONS: Detection of leukocortical lesions at 3T is comparable with that at 7T MR imaging. Imaging at 3T is less sensitive to intracortical and subpial lesions. Leukocortical lesions not visible on 7T T2*-weighted MRI may be associated with less demyelination than those that are visible. Detectability of subpial lesions does not appear to be related to the degree of demyelination.

CL
:   cortical lesion
IC
:   intracortical
LC
:   leukocortical
MTR
:   magnetization transfer ratio
NAcGM
:   normal-appearing cortical GM
RRMS
:   relapsing-remitting MS
SP
:   subpial
SPMS
:   secondary-progressive MS" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Comparison of Multiple Sclerosis Cortical Lesion Types Detected by Multicontrast 3T and 7T MRI" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/40/7/1162" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our aims were the following: 1) to compare multicontrast cortical lesion detection using 3T and 7T MR imaging, 2) to compare cortical lesion type frequency in relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive MS, and 3) to assess whether detectability is related to the magnetization transfer ratio, an imaging marker sensitive to myelin content.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicontrast 3T and 7T MR images from 10 participants with relapsing-remitting MS and 10 with secondary-progressive MS. We used the following 3T contrast sequences: 3D-T1-weighted, quantitative T1, FLAIR, magnetization-transfer, and 2D proton-density- and T2-weighted. We used the following 7T contrast sequences: 3D-T1-weighted, quantitative T1, and 2D-T2*-weighted.

RESULTS: Cortical lesion counts at 7T were the following: 720 total cortical lesions, 420 leukocortical lesions (58%), 27 intracortical lesions (4%), and 273 subpial lesions (38%). Cortical lesion counts at 3T were the following: 424 total cortical, 393 leukocortical (93%), zero intracortical, and 31 subpial (7%) lesions. Total, intracortical, and subpial 3T lesion counts were significantly lower than the 7T counts ( P &lt; .002). Leukocortical lesion counts were not significantly different between scanners. Total and leukocortical lesion counts were significantly higher in secondary-progressive MS, at 3T and 7T ( P ≤ .02). Subpial lesions were significantly higher in secondary-progressive MS at 7T ( P = .006). The magnetization transfer ratio values of leukocortical lesions visible on both scanners were significantly lower than the magnetization transfer ratio values of leukocortical lesions visible only at 3T. No significant difference was found in magnetization transfer ratio values between subpial lesions visible only at 7T and subpial lesions visible on both 3T and 7T.

CONCLUSIONS: Detection of leukocortical lesions at 3T is comparable with that at 7T MR imaging. Imaging at 3T is less sensitive to intracortical and subpial lesions. Leukocortical lesions not visible on 7T T2*-weighted MRI may be associated with less demyelination than those that are visible. Detectability of subpial lesions does not appear to be related to the degree of demyelination.

CL
:   cortical lesion
IC
:   intracortical
LC
:   leukocortical
MTR
:   magnetization transfer ratio
NAcGM
:   normal-appearing cortical GM
RRMS
:   relapsing-remitting MS
SP
:   subpial
SPMS
:   secondary-progressive MS" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node68518--5" data-node-nid="68518" id="top-node-68518--61963606052" data-pisa="ajnr;40/7/1162" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A6099" data-apath="/ajnr/40/7/1162.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Adult Brain</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Comparison of Multiple Sclerosis Cortical Lesion Types Detected by Multicontrast 3T and 7T MRI</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J. Maranzano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">M. Dadar</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">D.A. Rudko</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">D. De Nigris</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">C. Elliott</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">J.S. Gati</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">S.A. Morrow</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">R.S. Menon</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">D.L. Collins</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">D.L. Arnold</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">S. Narayanan</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">July 2019,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">40 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1162-1169; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6099 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-68518--61963606052" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Maranzano </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Anatomy (J.M.), University of Quebec in Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (J.M., M.D., D.A.R., D.D.N., C.E., D.L.C., D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BMaranzano%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Maranzano%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BMaranzano%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-5522" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Maranzano</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Dadar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (J.M., M.D., D.A.R., D.D.N., C.E., D.L.C., D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.D., D.A.R., D.L.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BDadar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Dadar%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BDadar%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-2672" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Dadar</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.A. Rudko </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (J.M., M.D., D.A.R., D.D.N., C.E., D.L.C., D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.D., D.A.R., D.L.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.A.%2BRudko%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Rudko%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.A.%2BRudko%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1299-954X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.A. Rudko</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. De Nigris </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (J.M., M.D., D.A.R., D.D.N., C.E., D.L.C., D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BDe%2BNigris%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=De%20Nigris%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BDe%2BNigris%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0451-7117" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. De Nigris</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Elliott </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (J.M., M.D., D.A.R., D.D.N., C.E., D.L.C., D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BElliott%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Elliott%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BElliott%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-523X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Elliott</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.S. Gati </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (J.S.G., R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.S.%2BGati%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gati%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.S.%2BGati%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3205-7274" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.S. Gati</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.A. Morrow </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences (S.A.M.), London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.A.%2BMorrow%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Morrow%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.A.%2BMorrow%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-6440" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.A. 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Menon </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping (J.S.G., R.S.M.), Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Department of Medical Biophysics (R.S.M.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.S.%2BMenon%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Menon%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.S.%2BMenon%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7916-0263" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R.S. Menon</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.L. Collins </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (J.M., M.D., D.A.R., D.D.N., C.E., D.L.C., D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.D., D.A.R., D.L.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.L.%2BCollins%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Collins%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.L.%2BCollins%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8432-7021" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.L. 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Arnold </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (J.M., M.D., D.A.R., D.D.N., C.E., D.L.C., D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.L.%2BArnold%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Arnold%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.L.%2BArnold%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4266-0106" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.L. 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Narayanan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (J.M., M.D., D.A.R., D.D.N., C.E., D.L.C., D.L.A., S.N.), Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BNarayanan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Narayanan%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BNarayanan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-150X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">REFERENCES</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-40.7.1162.1" data-doi="10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61620-7"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li>
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          <a href="/content/40/7" class="highwire-cite-linked-title" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0"><span class="highwire-cite-title">American Journal of Neuroradiology</span></a>      
      
        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 40</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 7 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Jul 2019 </div></div>
      
      
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