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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Pilot Study of Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Other CNS Cancers" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A6937" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-01-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pediatric CNS tumors commonly present challenges for radiographic interpretation on conventional MR imaging. This study sought to investigate the safety and tolerability of hyperpolarized carbon-13 (HP-13C) metabolic imaging in pediatric patients with brain tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age who were previously diagnosed with a brain tumor and could undergo MR imaging without sedation were eligible to enroll in this safety study of HP [1-13C]pyruvate. Participants received a one-time injection of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and were imaged using dynamic HP-13C MR imaging. We assessed 2 dose levels: 0.34 mL/kg and the highest tolerated adult dose of 0.43 mL/kg. Participants were monitored throughout imaging and for 60 minutes postinjection, including pre- and postinjection electrocardiograms and vital sign measurements.

RESULTS: Between February 2017 and July 2019, ten participants (9 males; median age, 14 years; range, 10–17 years) were enrolled, of whom 6 completed injection of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and dynamic HP-13C MR imaging. Four participants failed to undergo HP-13C MR imaging due to technical failures related to generating HP [1-13C]pyruvate or MR imaging operability. HP [1-13C]pyruvate was well-tolerated in all participants who completed the study, with no dose-limiting toxicities or adverse events observed at either 0.34 ( n  =   3) or 0.43 ( n  =   3) mL/kg. HP [1-13C]pyruvate demonstrated characteristic conversion to [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate in the brain. Due to poor accrual, the study was closed after only 3 participants were enrolled at the highest dose level.

CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic HP-13C MR imaging was safely performed in 6 pediatric patients with CNS tumors and demonstrated HP [1-13C]pyruvate brain metabolism.

aSNR
:   apparent total SNR
EPSI
:   echo-planar spectroscopic imaging
DIPG
:   diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
HP-13C
:   hyperpolarized carbon-13" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A.W. Autry" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="I. Park" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Kline" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H.-Y. Chen" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.W. Gordon" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Raber" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Hoffman" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Kim" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Okamoto" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.B. Vigneron" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J.M. Lupo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Prados" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Li" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Xu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Mueller" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-01-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Pediatrics" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Pilot Study of Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Other CNS Cancers" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pediatric CNS tumors commonly present challenges for radiographic interpretation on conventional MR imaging. This study sought to investigate the safety and tolerability of hyperpolarized carbon-13 (HP-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C) metabolic imaging in pediatric patients with brain tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age who were previously diagnosed with a brain tumor and could undergo MR imaging without sedation were eligible to enroll in this safety study of HP [1-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]pyruvate. Participants received a one-time injection of HP [1-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]pyruvate and were imaged using dynamic HP-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C MR imaging. We assessed 2 dose levels: 0.34 mL/kg and the highest tolerated adult dose of 0.43 mL/kg. Participants were monitored throughout imaging and for 60 minutes postinjection, including pre- and postinjection electrocardiograms and vital sign measurements.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Between February 2017 and July 2019, ten participants (9 males; median age, 14 years; range, 10–17 years) were enrolled, of whom 6 completed injection of HP [1-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]pyruvate and dynamic HP-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C MR imaging. Four participants failed to undergo HP-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C MR imaging due to technical failures related to generating HP [1-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]pyruvate or MR imaging operability. HP [1-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]pyruvate was well-tolerated in all participants who completed the study, with no dose-limiting toxicities or adverse events observed at either 0.34 (&lt;i&gt;n &lt;/i&gt;=&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;3) or 0.43 (&lt;i&gt;n &lt;/i&gt;=&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;3) mL/kg. HP [1-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]pyruvate demonstrated characteristic conversion to [1-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]lactate and [&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]bicarbonate in the brain. Due to poor accrual, the study was closed after only 3 participants were enrolled at the highest dose level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dynamic HP-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C MR imaging was safely performed in 6 pediatric patients with CNS tumors and demonstrated HP [1-&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C]pyruvate brain metabolism.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Pilot Study of Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Other CNS Cancers" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pediatric CNS tumors commonly present challenges for radiographic interpretation on conventional MR imaging. This study sought to investigate the safety and tolerability of hyperpolarized carbon-13 (HP-13C) metabolic imaging in pediatric patients with brain tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age who were previously diagnosed with a brain tumor and could undergo MR imaging without sedation were eligible to enroll in this safety study of HP [1-13C]pyruvate. Participants received a one-time injection of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and were imaged using dynamic HP-13C MR imaging. We assessed 2 dose levels: 0.34 mL/kg and the highest tolerated adult dose of 0.43 mL/kg. Participants were monitored throughout imaging and for 60 minutes postinjection, including pre- and postinjection electrocardiograms and vital sign measurements.

RESULTS: Between February 2017 and July 2019, ten participants (9 males; median age, 14 years; range, 10–17 years) were enrolled, of whom 6 completed injection of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and dynamic HP-13C MR imaging. Four participants failed to undergo HP-13C MR imaging due to technical failures related to generating HP [1-13C]pyruvate or MR imaging operability. HP [1-13C]pyruvate was well-tolerated in all participants who completed the study, with no dose-limiting toxicities or adverse events observed at either 0.34 ( n  =   3) or 0.43 ( n  =   3) mL/kg. HP [1-13C]pyruvate demonstrated characteristic conversion to [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate in the brain. Due to poor accrual, the study was closed after only 3 participants were enrolled at the highest dose level.

CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic HP-13C MR imaging was safely performed in 6 pediatric patients with CNS tumors and demonstrated HP [1-13C]pyruvate brain metabolism.

aSNR
:   apparent total SNR
EPSI
:   echo-planar spectroscopic imaging
DIPG
:   diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
HP-13C
:   hyperpolarized carbon-13" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Pilot Study of Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Other CNS Cancers" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/1/178" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pediatric CNS tumors commonly present challenges for radiographic interpretation on conventional MR imaging. This study sought to investigate the safety and tolerability of hyperpolarized carbon-13 (HP-13C) metabolic imaging in pediatric patients with brain tumors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age who were previously diagnosed with a brain tumor and could undergo MR imaging without sedation were eligible to enroll in this safety study of HP [1-13C]pyruvate. Participants received a one-time injection of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and were imaged using dynamic HP-13C MR imaging. We assessed 2 dose levels: 0.34 mL/kg and the highest tolerated adult dose of 0.43 mL/kg. Participants were monitored throughout imaging and for 60 minutes postinjection, including pre- and postinjection electrocardiograms and vital sign measurements.

RESULTS: Between February 2017 and July 2019, ten participants (9 males; median age, 14 years; range, 10–17 years) were enrolled, of whom 6 completed injection of HP [1-13C]pyruvate and dynamic HP-13C MR imaging. Four participants failed to undergo HP-13C MR imaging due to technical failures related to generating HP [1-13C]pyruvate or MR imaging operability. HP [1-13C]pyruvate was well-tolerated in all participants who completed the study, with no dose-limiting toxicities or adverse events observed at either 0.34 ( n  =   3) or 0.43 ( n  =   3) mL/kg. HP [1-13C]pyruvate demonstrated characteristic conversion to [1-13C]lactate and [13C]bicarbonate in the brain. Due to poor accrual, the study was closed after only 3 participants were enrolled at the highest dose level.

CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic HP-13C MR imaging was safely performed in 6 pediatric patients with CNS tumors and demonstrated HP [1-13C]pyruvate brain metabolism.

aSNR
:   apparent total SNR
EPSI
:   echo-planar spectroscopic imaging
DIPG
:   diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
HP-13C
:   hyperpolarized carbon-13" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node88224--5" data-node-nid="88224" id="top-node-88224--656007399" data-pisa="ajnr;42/1/178" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A6937" data-apath="/ajnr/42/1/178.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Pediatrics</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Pilot Study of Hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C Metabolic Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Other CNS Cancers</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">A.W. Autry</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">I. Park</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">C. Kline</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">H.-Y. Chen</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">J.W. Gordon</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">S. Raber</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">C. Hoffman</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">Y. Kim</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">K. Okamoto</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">D.B. Vigneron</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">J.M. Lupo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">M. Prados</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">Y. Li</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">D. Xu</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">S. Mueller</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">January 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">178-184; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6937 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-88224--656007399" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A.W. Autry </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.W.%2BAutry%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Autry%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.W.%2BAutry%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7062-4965" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A.W. Autry</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">I. Park </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>g</span>Department of Radiology (I.P.), Chonnam National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=I.%2BPark%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Park%20I&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AI.%2BPark%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-8363" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for I. Park</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Kline </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Neurology (C.K., S.M.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BKline%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kline%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BKline%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7765-7690" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Kline</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">H.-Y. Chen </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=H.-Y.%2BChen%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Chen%20H&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AH.-Y.%2BChen%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2765-1685" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for H.-Y. Chen</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.W. Gordon </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.W.%2BGordon%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gordon%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.W.%2BGordon%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-4886" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.W. Gordon</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Raber </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BRaber%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Raber%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BRaber%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-0559" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Raber</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Hoffman </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BHoffman%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hoffman%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BHoffman%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0831-4285" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Hoffman</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Kim </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BKim%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kim%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BKim%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1016-1572" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Kim</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Okamoto </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BOkamoto%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Okamoto%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BOkamoto%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-8844" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K. Okamoto</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D.B. Vigneron </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (D.B.V.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Neurological Surgery (D.B.V., M.P., S.M.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering (D.B.V., J.M.L., D.X.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.B.%2BVigneron%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Vigneron%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.B.%2BVigneron%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5795-8699" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D.B. Vigneron</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J.M. Lupo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering (D.B.V., J.M.L., D.X.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.M.%2BLupo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lupo%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.M.%2BLupo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-6387" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J.M. Lupo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Prados </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Neurological Surgery (D.B.V., M.P., S.M.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BPrados%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Prados%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BPrados%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9630-2075" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Prados</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Li </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BLi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Li%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BLi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2145-2869" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Li</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">D. Xu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.W.A., H.-Y.C., J.W.G., Y.K., K.O., D.B.V., J.M.L., Y.L., D.X.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>UCSF/UC Berkeley Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering (D.B.V., J.M.L., D.X.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=D.%2BXu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Xu%20D&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AD.%2BXu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-4235" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for D. Xu</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S. Mueller </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Division of Hematology/Oncology (C.K., S.R., C.H., M.P., S.M.), Department of Pediatrics</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Neurology (C.K., S.M.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Neurological Surgery (D.B.V., M.P., S.M.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.%2BMueller%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Mueller%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.%2BMueller%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3452-5150" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S. Mueller</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Pilot Study of Hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C Metabolic Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Other CNS Cancers</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Autry</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Park</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kline</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.-Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gordon</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Raber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hoffman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Okamoto</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vigneron</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lupo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prados</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mueller</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">178-184; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6937 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Pilot Study of Hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C Metabolic Imaging in Pediatric Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma and Other CNS Cancers</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">A.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Autry</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">I.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Park</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kline</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.-Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Chen</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gordon</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Raber</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hoffman</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kim</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">K.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Okamoto</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Vigneron</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lupo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Prados</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Li</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Xu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Mueller</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jan 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(1) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">178-184; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A6937 </span></div>
  
  
  
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