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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Filtered Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord: Feasibility and Application to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7295" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-11-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In traumatic spinal cord injury, DTI is sensitive to injury but is unable to differentiate multiple pathologies. Axonal damage is a central feature of the underlying cord injury, but prominent edema confounds its detection. The purpose of this study was to examine a filtered DWI technique in patients with acute spinal cord injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR imaging protocol was first evaluated in a cohort of healthy subjects at 3T ( n  = 3). Subsequently, patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury ( n  = 8) underwent filtered DWI concurrent with their acute clinical MR imaging examination &lt;24 hours postinjury at 1.5T. DTI was obtained with 25 directions at a b-value of 800 s/mm2. Filtered DWI used spinal cord–optimized diffusion-weighting along 26 directions with a “filter” b-value of 2000 s/mm2 and a “probe” maximum b-value of 1000 s/mm2. Parallel diffusivity metrics obtained from DTI and filtered DWI were compared.

RESULTS: The high-strength diffusion-weighting perpendicular to the cord suppressed signals from tissues outside of the spinal cord, including muscle and CSF. The parallel ADC acquired from filtered DWI at the level of injury relative to the most cranial region showed a greater decrease (38.71%) compared with the decrease in axial diffusivity acquired by DTI (17.68%).

CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that filtered DWI is feasible in the acute setting of spinal cord injury and reveals spinal cord diffusion characteristics not evident with conventional DTI.

AD
:   axial diffusion
DDE
:   double diffusion encoding
fADC‖
:   filtered parallel ADC
fDWI
:   filtered DWI
NODDI
:   neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging
PRESS
:   point-resolved spectroscopy sequence
SCI
:   spinal cord injury" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.A. Murphy" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Furger" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S.N. Kurpad" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="V.E. Arpinar" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Nencka" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="K. Koch" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.D. Budde" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-11-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Spine" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Filtered Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord: Feasibility and Application to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In traumatic spinal cord injury, DTI is sensitive to injury but is unable to differentiate multiple pathologies. Axonal damage is a central feature of the underlying cord injury, but prominent edema confounds its detection. The purpose of this study was to examine a filtered DWI technique in patients with acute spinal cord injury.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The MR imaging protocol was first evaluated in a cohort of healthy subjects at 3T (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3). Subsequently, patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8) underwent filtered DWI concurrent with their acute clinical MR imaging examination &amp;lt;24 hours postinjury at 1.5T. DTI was obtained with 25 directions at a b-value of 800 s/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Filtered DWI used spinal cord–optimized diffusion-weighting along 26 directions with a “filter” b-value of 2000 s/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and a “probe” maximum b-value of 1000 s/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. Parallel diffusivity metrics obtained from DTI and filtered DWI were compared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The high-strength diffusion-weighting perpendicular to the cord suppressed signals from tissues outside of the spinal cord, including muscle and CSF. The parallel ADC acquired from filtered DWI at the level of injury relative to the most cranial region showed a greater decrease (38.71%) compared with the decrease in axial diffusivity acquired by DTI (17.68%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The results demonstrated that filtered DWI is feasible in the acute setting of spinal cord injury and reveals spinal cord diffusion characteristics not evident with conventional DTI.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Filtered Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord: Feasibility and Application to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury" />
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/42/11.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In traumatic spinal cord injury, DTI is sensitive to injury but is unable to differentiate multiple pathologies. Axonal damage is a central feature of the underlying cord injury, but prominent edema confounds its detection. The purpose of this study was to examine a filtered DWI technique in patients with acute spinal cord injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR imaging protocol was first evaluated in a cohort of healthy subjects at 3T ( n  = 3). Subsequently, patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury ( n  = 8) underwent filtered DWI concurrent with their acute clinical MR imaging examination &lt;24 hours postinjury at 1.5T. DTI was obtained with 25 directions at a b-value of 800 s/mm2. Filtered DWI used spinal cord–optimized diffusion-weighting along 26 directions with a “filter” b-value of 2000 s/mm2 and a “probe” maximum b-value of 1000 s/mm2. Parallel diffusivity metrics obtained from DTI and filtered DWI were compared.

RESULTS: The high-strength diffusion-weighting perpendicular to the cord suppressed signals from tissues outside of the spinal cord, including muscle and CSF. The parallel ADC acquired from filtered DWI at the level of injury relative to the most cranial region showed a greater decrease (38.71%) compared with the decrease in axial diffusivity acquired by DTI (17.68%).

CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that filtered DWI is feasible in the acute setting of spinal cord injury and reveals spinal cord diffusion characteristics not evident with conventional DTI.

AD
:   axial diffusion
DDE
:   double diffusion encoding
fADC‖
:   filtered parallel ADC
fDWI
:   filtered DWI
NODDI
:   neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging
PRESS
:   point-resolved spectroscopy sequence
SCI
:   spinal cord injury" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Filtered Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord: Feasibility and Application to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/11/2101" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In traumatic spinal cord injury, DTI is sensitive to injury but is unable to differentiate multiple pathologies. Axonal damage is a central feature of the underlying cord injury, but prominent edema confounds its detection. The purpose of this study was to examine a filtered DWI technique in patients with acute spinal cord injury.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR imaging protocol was first evaluated in a cohort of healthy subjects at 3T ( n  = 3). Subsequently, patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury ( n  = 8) underwent filtered DWI concurrent with their acute clinical MR imaging examination &lt;24 hours postinjury at 1.5T. DTI was obtained with 25 directions at a b-value of 800 s/mm2. Filtered DWI used spinal cord–optimized diffusion-weighting along 26 directions with a “filter” b-value of 2000 s/mm2 and a “probe” maximum b-value of 1000 s/mm2. Parallel diffusivity metrics obtained from DTI and filtered DWI were compared.

RESULTS: The high-strength diffusion-weighting perpendicular to the cord suppressed signals from tissues outside of the spinal cord, including muscle and CSF. The parallel ADC acquired from filtered DWI at the level of injury relative to the most cranial region showed a greater decrease (38.71%) compared with the decrease in axial diffusivity acquired by DTI (17.68%).

CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated that filtered DWI is feasible in the acute setting of spinal cord injury and reveals spinal cord diffusion characteristics not evident with conventional DTI.

AD
:   axial diffusion
DDE
:   double diffusion encoding
fADC‖
:   filtered parallel ADC
fDWI
:   filtered DWI
NODDI
:   neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging
PRESS
:   point-resolved spectroscopy sequence
SCI
:   spinal cord injury" />
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">S.A. Murphy</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">R. Furger</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">S.N. Kurpad</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">V.E. Arpinar</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">A. Nencka</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">K. Koch</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">M.D. Budde</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">November 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(11) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2101-2106; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7295 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-94017--61110892348" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.A. Murphy </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.A.M., R.F., S.N.K., M.D.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.A.%2BMurphy%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Murphy%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.A.%2BMurphy%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0397-1502" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.A. Murphy</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Furger </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.A.M., R.F., S.N.K., M.D.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Center for Neurotrauma Research (R.F., S.N.K., M.D.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BFurger%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Furger%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BFurger%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8829-5832" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R. Furger</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">S.N. Kurpad </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.A.M., R.F., S.N.K., M.D.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Center for Neurotrauma Research (R.F., S.N.K., M.D.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=S.N.%2BKurpad%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kurpad%20S&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AS.N.%2BKurpad%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1548-5453" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for S.N. Kurpad</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">V.E. Arpinar </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Center for Imaging Research (V.E.A., A.N., K.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=V.E.%2BArpinar%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Arpinar%20V&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AV.E.%2BArpinar%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3238-4569" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for V.E. Arpinar</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Nencka </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Center for Imaging Research (V.E.A., A.N., K.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BNencka%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Nencka%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BNencka%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5268-2718" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Nencka</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">K. Koch </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Center for Imaging Research (V.E.A., A.N., K.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=K.%2BKoch%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Koch%20K&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AK.%2BKoch%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-9761" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for K. Koch</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.D. Budde </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neurosurgery (S.A.M., R.F., S.N.K., M.D.B.)</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Center for Neurotrauma Research (R.F., S.N.K., M.D.B.)</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.D.%2BBudde%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Budde%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.D.%2BBudde%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-5797" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.D. Budde</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 42</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 11 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Nov 2021 </div></div>
      
      
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Filtered Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord: Feasibility and Application to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Nov 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(11) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">2101-2106; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7295 </span></div>
  
  
  
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