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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Inconsistencies between Radiologic and Cadaveric Studies of the Occipital Sinus</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">Naci Balak</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">April 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(4) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">E27; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6977 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-90329--644165915" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Naci Balak </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>Department of NeurosurgeryIstanbul Medeniyet UniversityGöztepe HospitalIstanbul, Turkey</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Naci%2BBalak%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Balak%20N&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3ANaci%2BBalak%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2395-0004" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Naci Balak</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" data-highwire-cite-ref-tooltip-instance="highwire_reflinks_tooltip" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="article fulltext-view "><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-start"></span><p id="p-1">The fetal and postnatal development patterns of dural venous sinuses are not fully understood. In their article, published in the <em>American Journal of Neuroradiology</em> in October 2020, Larson et al<sup><a id="xref-ref-1-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-1">1</a></sup> examined the development of dural venous sinuses using MR venography in more than 400 patients. They found that all dural venous sinuses reached their maximum diameters around 5–10 years of age, and the occipital sinus was found in only 2.8% of individuals 16–20 years of age. These findings led the authors to conclude that the occipital sinus disappears gradually from birth to 20 years of age; therefore, it is rarely observed in postnatal life. However, these findings ignore the technical limitations of MR imaging. In another study using MR venography, the occipital sinus was observed in 10% of cases, and it was suggested that artifacts encountered due to flow gaps and the complexity of intravascular blood flow may have caused this low percentage.<sup><a id="xref-ref-2-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-2">2</a></sup> In contrast, human cadaver studies have shown that 90% of individuals have an obvious occipital sinus.<sup><a id="xref-ref-3-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-3">3</a></sup> During the opening of the dura of the posterior cranial fossa, various surgical maneuvers are performed to specifically avoid damage to the occipital sinus and unnecessary bleeding.<sup><a id="xref-ref-4-1" class="xref-bibr" href="#ref-4">4</a></sup> Consequently, the infrequent observation of the occipital sinus in MR venograms is likely related to technical factors, because it is not supported by either anatomic or clinical observations.</p><div class="section fn-group" id="fn-group-1"><h2>Footnotes</h2><ul><li class="fn-financial-disclosure" id="fn-1"><p id="p-2">Disclosures: Naci Balak—<em>UNRELATED: Employment</em>: Istanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.</p></li></ul></div><div class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-42.4.E27.1" data-doi="10.3174/ajnr.A6816"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Larson</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">AS</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Lanzino</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">G</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Brinjikji</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">W</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Variations of intracranial dural venous sinus diameters from birth to 20 years of age: an MRV-based study</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2020</span>;<span class="cit-vol">41</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">2351</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">57</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.3174/ajnr.A6816</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>33093136</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czoxMDoiNDEvMTIvMjM1MSI7czo0OiJhdG9tIjtzOjE5OiIvYWpuci80Mi80L0UyNy5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">2.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-2-1" title="View reference 2. in text" id="ref-2">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-42.4.E27.2"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Ayanzen</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">RH</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Bird</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">CR</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Keller</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">PJ</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Cerebral MR venography: normal anatomy and potential diagnostic pitfalls</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">AJNR Am J Neuroradiol</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2000</span>;<span class="cit-vol">21</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">74</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">78</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>10669228</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6NDoiYWpuciI7czo1OiJyZXNpZCI7czo3OiIyMS8xLzc0IjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MTk6Ii9ham5yLzQyLzQvRTI3LmF0b20iO31zOjg6ImZyYWdtZW50IjtzOjA6IiI7fQ==" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">3.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-3-1" title="View reference 3. in text" id="ref-3">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-42.4.E27.3" data-doi="10.1002/ca.20947"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Balak</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">N</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Ersoy</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">G</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Uslu</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">Ü</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Microsurgical and histomorphometric study of the occipital sinus: quantitative measurements using a novel approach of stereology</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Clin Anat</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2010</span>;<span class="cit-vol">23</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">386</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">93</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1002/ca.20947</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>20196130</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/ca.20947&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=20196130&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F42%2F4%2FE27.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">4.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-4-1" title="View reference 4. in text" id="ref-4">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-book" id="cit-42.4.E27.4"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Yaşargil</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">MG</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Curcic</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">M</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Abernathy</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">CD</span></span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-source">Microneurosurgery of CNS Tumors</span>. <span class="cit-vol">Vol 4B</span>. <span class="cit-publ-name">Thieme Medical Publishers</span>; <span class="cit-pub-date">1996</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">62</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">64</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"></div></div></li></ol></div><ul class="copyright-statement"><li class="fn" id="copyright-statement-1">© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology</li></ul><span class="highwire-journal-article-marker-end"></span></div><span class="related-urls"></span></div></div>  </div>

  
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        	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">Vol. 42</span>, <span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">Issue 4 </span><div  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pubdate highwire-cite-metadata">1 Apr 2021 </div></div>
      
      
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