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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit Imaging Improves Demyelinating Lesion Detection in the Anterior Visual Pathways of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7082" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-06-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Demyelinating lesions in the anterior visual pathways represent an underestimated marker of disease dissemination in patients with MS. We prospectively investigated whether a dedicated high-resolution MR imaging technique, the 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit, improves demyelinating lesion detection compared with the current clinical standard sequence, the 2D-T2-STIR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3T MR imaging of the anterior visual pathways (optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts) was performed using 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit and 2D-T2-STIR, in patients with MS and healthy controls. Two experienced neuroradiologists assessed, independently, demyelinating lesions using both sequences separately. 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit scan-rescan reproducibility was tested in 12 patients. The Cohen κ was used for interrater agreement, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for reproducibility. Between-sequence detection differences and the effects of location and previous acute optic neuritis were assessed using a binomial mixed-effects model.

RESULTS: Forty-eight patients with MS with ( n = 19) or without ( n = 29) past optic neuritis and 19 healthy controls were evaluated. Readers' agreement was strong (3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit: 0.85; 2D-T2-STIR: 0.90). The 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit scan-rescan intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96–0.98; P &lt; .001), indicating excellent reproducibility. Overall, 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit detected more than twice the demyelinating lesions ( n = 89) than 2D-T2-STIR ( n = 43) (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7–4.1; P &lt; .001). In the intracranial anterior visual pathway segments, 33 of the 36 demyelinating lesions (91.7%) detected by 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit were not disclosed by 2D-T2-STIR. 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit increased detection of demyelinating lesion probability by 1.8-fold in patients with past optic neuritis (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–3.1; P = .01) and 5.9-fold in patients without past optic neuritis (OR = 5.9; 95% CI, 2.5–13.8; P &lt; .001). No false-positive demyelinating lesions were detected in healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit images improved substantially the detection of MS disease dissemination in the anterior visual pathways, particularly in the intracranial segments and in patients without past optic neuritis.

AON
:   acute optic neuritis
aVP
:   anterior visual pathway
DL
:   demyelinating lesion
HC
:   healthy controls
iCanal
:   intracanalicular optic nerve
iCran
:   intracranial optic nerve
iOrb
:   intraorbital optic nerve
OC
:   optic chiasm
OT
:   optic tract
pON
:   past optic neuritis" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="E. Pravatà" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Roccatagliata" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M.P. Sormani" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Carmisciano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Lienerth" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Sacco" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Kaelin-Lang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="A. Cianfoni" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Zecca" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Gobbi" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-06-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit Imaging Improves Demyelinating Lesion Detection in the Anterior Visual Pathways of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Demyelinating lesions in the anterior visual pathways represent an underestimated marker of disease dissemination in patients with MS. We prospectively investigated whether a dedicated high-resolution MR imaging technique, the 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit, improves demyelinating lesion detection compared with the current clinical standard sequence, the 2D-T2-STIR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;3T MR imaging of the anterior visual pathways (optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts) was performed using 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit and 2D-T2-STIR, in patients with MS and healthy controls. Two experienced neuroradiologists assessed, independently, demyelinating lesions using both sequences separately. 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit scan-rescan reproducibility was tested in 12 patients. The Cohen κ was used for interrater agreement, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for reproducibility. Between-sequence detection differences and the effects of location and previous acute optic neuritis were assessed using a binomial mixed-effects model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Forty-eight patients with MS with (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 19) or without (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 29) past optic neuritis and 19 healthy controls were evaluated. Readers9 agreement was strong (3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit: 0.85; 2D-T2-STIR: 0.90). The 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit scan-rescan intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96–0.98; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001), indicating excellent reproducibility. Overall, 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit detected more than twice the demyelinating lesions (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 89) than 2D-T2-STIR (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 43) (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7–4.1; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). In the intracranial anterior visual pathway segments, 33 of the 36 demyelinating lesions (91.7%) detected by 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit were not disclosed by 2D-T2-STIR. 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit increased detection of demyelinating lesion probability by 1.8-fold in patients with past optic neuritis (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–3.1; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = .01) and 5.9-fold in patients without past optic neuritis (OR = 5.9; 95% CI, 2.5–13.8; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &amp;lt; .001). No false-positive demyelinating lesions were detected in healthy controls.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit images improved substantially the detection of MS disease dissemination in the anterior visual pathways, particularly in the intracranial segments and in patients without past optic neuritis.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit Imaging Improves Demyelinating Lesion Detection in the Anterior Visual Pathways of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Demyelinating lesions in the anterior visual pathways represent an underestimated marker of disease dissemination in patients with MS. We prospectively investigated whether a dedicated high-resolution MR imaging technique, the 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit, improves demyelinating lesion detection compared with the current clinical standard sequence, the 2D-T2-STIR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3T MR imaging of the anterior visual pathways (optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts) was performed using 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit and 2D-T2-STIR, in patients with MS and healthy controls. Two experienced neuroradiologists assessed, independently, demyelinating lesions using both sequences separately. 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit scan-rescan reproducibility was tested in 12 patients. The Cohen κ was used for interrater agreement, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for reproducibility. Between-sequence detection differences and the effects of location and previous acute optic neuritis were assessed using a binomial mixed-effects model.

RESULTS: Forty-eight patients with MS with ( n = 19) or without ( n = 29) past optic neuritis and 19 healthy controls were evaluated. Readers' agreement was strong (3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit: 0.85; 2D-T2-STIR: 0.90). The 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit scan-rescan intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96–0.98; P &lt; .001), indicating excellent reproducibility. Overall, 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit detected more than twice the demyelinating lesions ( n = 89) than 2D-T2-STIR ( n = 43) (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7–4.1; P &lt; .001). In the intracranial anterior visual pathway segments, 33 of the 36 demyelinating lesions (91.7%) detected by 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit were not disclosed by 2D-T2-STIR. 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit increased detection of demyelinating lesion probability by 1.8-fold in patients with past optic neuritis (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–3.1; P = .01) and 5.9-fold in patients without past optic neuritis (OR = 5.9; 95% CI, 2.5–13.8; P &lt; .001). No false-positive demyelinating lesions were detected in healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit images improved substantially the detection of MS disease dissemination in the anterior visual pathways, particularly in the intracranial segments and in patients without past optic neuritis.

AON
:   acute optic neuritis
aVP
:   anterior visual pathway
DL
:   demyelinating lesion
HC
:   healthy controls
iCanal
:   intracanalicular optic nerve
iCran
:   intracranial optic nerve
iOrb
:   intraorbital optic nerve
OC
:   optic chiasm
OT
:   optic tract
pON
:   past optic neuritis" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit Imaging Improves Demyelinating Lesion Detection in the Anterior Visual Pathways of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/6/1061" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Demyelinating lesions in the anterior visual pathways represent an underestimated marker of disease dissemination in patients with MS. We prospectively investigated whether a dedicated high-resolution MR imaging technique, the 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit, improves demyelinating lesion detection compared with the current clinical standard sequence, the 2D-T2-STIR.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3T MR imaging of the anterior visual pathways (optic nerves, chiasm, and tracts) was performed using 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit and 2D-T2-STIR, in patients with MS and healthy controls. Two experienced neuroradiologists assessed, independently, demyelinating lesions using both sequences separately. 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit scan-rescan reproducibility was tested in 12 patients. The Cohen κ was used for interrater agreement, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for reproducibility. Between-sequence detection differences and the effects of location and previous acute optic neuritis were assessed using a binomial mixed-effects model.

RESULTS: Forty-eight patients with MS with ( n = 19) or without ( n = 29) past optic neuritis and 19 healthy controls were evaluated. Readers' agreement was strong (3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit: 0.85; 2D-T2-STIR: 0.90). The 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit scan-rescan intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.96–0.98; P &lt; .001), indicating excellent reproducibility. Overall, 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit detected more than twice the demyelinating lesions ( n = 89) than 2D-T2-STIR ( n = 43) (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7–4.1; P &lt; .001). In the intracranial anterior visual pathway segments, 33 of the 36 demyelinating lesions (91.7%) detected by 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit were not disclosed by 2D-T2-STIR. 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit increased detection of demyelinating lesion probability by 1.8-fold in patients with past optic neuritis (OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2–3.1; P = .01) and 5.9-fold in patients without past optic neuritis (OR = 5.9; 95% CI, 2.5–13.8; P &lt; .001). No false-positive demyelinating lesions were detected in healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONS: Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit images improved substantially the detection of MS disease dissemination in the anterior visual pathways, particularly in the intracranial segments and in patients without past optic neuritis.

AON
:   acute optic neuritis
aVP
:   anterior visual pathway
DL
:   demyelinating lesion
HC
:   healthy controls
iCanal
:   intracanalicular optic nerve
iCran
:   intracranial optic nerve
iOrb
:   intraorbital optic nerve
OC
:   optic chiasm
OT
:   optic tract
pON
:   past optic neuritis" />
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      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Adult Brain</span></span></div>
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit Imaging Improves Demyelinating Lesion Detection in the Anterior Visual Pathways of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">E. Pravatà</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">L. Roccatagliata</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">M.P. Sormani</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">L. Carmisciano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">C. Lienerth</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">R. Sacco</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">A. Kaelin-Lang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">A. Cianfoni</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">C. Zecca</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">C. Gobbi</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">June 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1061-1068; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7082 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-91369--81135599714" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">E. Pravatà </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neuroradiology (E.P., A.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=E.%2BPravat%C3%A0%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Pravat%C3%A0%20E&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AE.%2BPravat%25C3%25A0%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-2993" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for E. Pravatà</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Roccatagliata </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Health Sciences (L.R., M.P.S., L.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute – DISSAL (L.R., M.P.S.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BRoccatagliata%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Roccatagliata%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BRoccatagliata%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8029-3947" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Roccatagliata</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M.P. Sormani </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Health Sciences (L.R., M.P.S., L.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute – DISSAL (L.R., M.P.S.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.P.%2BSormani%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sormani%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.P.%2BSormani%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6892-104X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M.P. Sormani</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Carmisciano </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Health Sciences (L.R., M.P.S., L.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BCarmisciano%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Carmisciano%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BCarmisciano%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-3864" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Carmisciano</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Lienerth </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Bayer Vital GmbH (C.L.), Leverkusen, Germany</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BLienerth%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lienerth%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BLienerth%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7876-1374" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Lienerth</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">R. Sacco </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neurology (R.S., A.K.-L., C.Z., C.G.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=R.%2BSacco%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Sacco%20R&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AR.%2BSacco%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6623-4649" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for R. Sacco</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Kaelin-Lang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neurology (R.S., A.K.-L., C.Z., C.G.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.-L., A.C., C.Z., C.G.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BKaelin-Lang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Kaelin-Lang%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BKaelin-Lang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5249-073X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Kaelin-Lang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">A. Cianfoni </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Neuroradiology (E.P., A.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.-L., A.C., C.Z., C.G.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=A.%2BCianfoni%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Cianfoni%20A&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AA.%2BCianfoni%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-4912" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for A. Cianfoni</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Zecca </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neurology (R.S., A.K.-L., C.Z., C.G.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.-L., A.C., C.Z., C.G.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BZecca%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zecca%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BZecca%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9990-3431" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Zecca</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Gobbi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Neurology (R.S., A.K.-L., C.Z., C.G.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland</div><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.-L., A.C., C.Z., C.G.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BGobbi%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gobbi%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BGobbi%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-0664" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="contributors"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1"><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1"><span class="name">E. Pravatà</span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-2"><span class="name">L. Roccatagliata</span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-3"><span class="name">M.P. Sormani</span><a id="xref-aff-2-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-3-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-4"><span class="name">L. Carmisciano</span><a id="xref-aff-2-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-5"><span class="name">C. Lienerth</span><a id="xref-aff-4-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-4">d</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-6"><span class="name">R. Sacco</span><a id="xref-aff-5-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-7"><span class="name">A. Kaelin-Lang</span><a id="xref-aff-5-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-8"><span class="name">A. Cianfoni</span><a id="xref-aff-1-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-9"><span class="name">C. Zecca</span><a id="xref-aff-5-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a> and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-10"><span class="name">C. Gobbi</span><a id="xref-aff-5-4" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a><span class="xref-sep">,</span><a id="xref-aff-6-4" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a></li></ol><ol class="affiliation-list"><li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address><sup>a</sup>From the Department of Neuroradiology (E.P., A.C.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address><sup>b</sup>Department of Health Sciences (L.R., M.P.S., L.C.), University of Genova, Genova, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address><sup>c</sup>Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute – DISSAL (L.R., M.P.S.), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a><address><sup>d</sup>Bayer Vital GmbH (C.L.), Leverkusen, Germany</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-5" name="aff-5"></a><address><sup>e</sup>Department of Neurology (R.S., A.K.-L., C.Z., C.G.), Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-6" name="aff-6"></a><address><sup>f</sup>Faculty of Biomedical Sciences (A.K.-L., A.C., C.Z., C.G.), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland</address></li></ol><ol class="corresp-list"><li class="corresp" id="corresp-1">Please address correspondence to Emanuele Pravatà, MD, <span class="addr-line">Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Department of Neuroradiology, Via Tesserete 46, 6903, Lugano, Switzerland</span>; e-mail: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr">emanuele.pravata{at}eoc.ch</span></span></li></ol></div></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/6/1061.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1061-1068; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7082 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Dedicated 3D-T2-STIR-ZOOMit Imaging Improves Demyelinating Lesion Detection in the Anterior Visual Pathways of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis</div>  
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    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jun 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(6) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1061-1068; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7082 </span></div>
  
  
  
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