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<meta name="HW.identifier" content="/ajnr/42/7/1208.atom" />
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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7091" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-07-01" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="© 2021 by American Journal of Neuroradiology. Indicates open access to non-subscribers at www.ajnr.org" />
<meta name="DC.AccessRights" content="open-access" />
<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical practice of three-dimensional TOF-MRA, despite its capability in brain artery assessment, has been hampered by the relatively long scan time, while recent developments in fast imaging techniques with random undersampling has shed light on an improved balance between image quality and imaging speed. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of TOF-MRA accelerated by compressed sensitivity encoding and to identify the optimal acceleration factors for routine clinical use.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred subjects, enrolled at 5 centers, underwent 8 brain TOF-MRA sequences: 5 sequences using compressed sensitivity encoding with acceleration factors of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (CS2, CS4, CS6, CS8, and CS10), 2 using sensitivity encoding with factors of 2 and 4 (SF2 and SF4), and 1 without acceleration as a reference sequence (RS). Five large arteries, 6 medium arteries, and 6 small arteries were evaluated quantitatively (reconstructed signal intensity, structural similarity, contrast ratio) and qualitatively (scores on arteries, artifacts, overall image quality, and diagnostic confidence for aneurysm and stenosis). Comparisons were performed among the 8 sequences.

RESULTS: The quantitative measurements showed that the reconstructed signal intensities of the assessed arteries and the structural similarity consistently decreased as the compressed sensitivity encoding acceleration factor increased, and no significant difference was found for the contrast ratios in pair-wise comparisons among SF2, CS2, and CS4. Qualitative evaluations showed no significant difference in pair-wise comparisons among RS, SF2, and CS2 ( P  &gt; .05). The visualization of all the assessed arteries was acceptable for CS2 and CS4, while 2 small arteries in images of CS6 were not reliably displayed, and the visualization of large arteries was acceptable in images of CS8 and CS10.

CONCLUSIONS: CS4 is recommended for routine brain TOF-MRA with balanced image quality and acquisition time; CS6, for examinations when small arteries are not evaluated; and CS10, for fast visualization of large arteries.

ACA
:   anterior cerebral artery
BA
:   basilar artery
CR
:   contrast ratio
CS
:   compressed sensing
L
:   left
R
:   right
RS
:   reference sequence without SENSE or CS-SENSE acceleration
RSI
:   reconstructed signal intensity
SENSE
:   sensitivity encoding
SF
:   SENSE technique with acceleration factors
SSIM
:   structural similarity index
VA
:   vertebral artery
PCA
:   posterior cerebral artery" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Ding" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Duan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Z. Zhuo" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Yuan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="G. Zhang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Q. Song" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Gao" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="B. Zhang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Yang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Hou" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Yuan" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="C. Feng" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="J. Wang" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L. Lin" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Liu" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-07-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Adult Brain" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The clinical practice of three-dimensional TOF-MRA, despite its capability in brain artery assessment, has been hampered by the relatively long scan time, while recent developments in fast imaging techniques with random undersampling has shed light on an improved balance between image quality and imaging speed. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of TOF-MRA accelerated by compressed sensitivity encoding and to identify the optimal acceleration factors for routine clinical use.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;One hundred subjects, enrolled at 5 centers, underwent 8 brain TOF-MRA sequences: 5 sequences using compressed sensitivity encoding with acceleration factors of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (CS2, CS4, CS6, CS8, and CS10), 2 using sensitivity encoding with factors of 2 and 4 (SF2 and SF4), and 1 without acceleration as a reference sequence (RS). Five large arteries, 6 medium arteries, and 6 small arteries were evaluated quantitatively (reconstructed signal intensity, structural similarity, contrast ratio) and qualitatively (scores on arteries, artifacts, overall image quality, and diagnostic confidence for aneurysm and stenosis). Comparisons were performed among the 8 sequences.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The quantitative measurements showed that the reconstructed signal intensities of the assessed arteries and the structural similarity consistently decreased as the compressed sensitivity encoding acceleration factor increased, and no significant difference was found for the contrast ratios in pair-wise comparisons among SF2, CS2, and CS4. Qualitative evaluations showed no significant difference in pair-wise comparisons among RS, SF2, and CS2 (&lt;i&gt;P &lt;/i&gt;&amp;gt; .05). The visualization of all the assessed arteries was acceptable for CS2 and CS4, while 2 small arteries in images of CS6 were not reliably displayed, and the visualization of large arteries was acceptable in images of CS8 and CS10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CS4 is recommended for routine brain TOF-MRA with balanced image quality and acquisition time; CS6, for examinations when small arteries are not evaluated; and CS10, for fast visualization of large arteries.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study" />
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/sites/default/files/highwire/ajnr/42/7.cover-source.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical practice of three-dimensional TOF-MRA, despite its capability in brain artery assessment, has been hampered by the relatively long scan time, while recent developments in fast imaging techniques with random undersampling has shed light on an improved balance between image quality and imaging speed. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of TOF-MRA accelerated by compressed sensitivity encoding and to identify the optimal acceleration factors for routine clinical use.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred subjects, enrolled at 5 centers, underwent 8 brain TOF-MRA sequences: 5 sequences using compressed sensitivity encoding with acceleration factors of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (CS2, CS4, CS6, CS8, and CS10), 2 using sensitivity encoding with factors of 2 and 4 (SF2 and SF4), and 1 without acceleration as a reference sequence (RS). Five large arteries, 6 medium arteries, and 6 small arteries were evaluated quantitatively (reconstructed signal intensity, structural similarity, contrast ratio) and qualitatively (scores on arteries, artifacts, overall image quality, and diagnostic confidence for aneurysm and stenosis). Comparisons were performed among the 8 sequences.

RESULTS: The quantitative measurements showed that the reconstructed signal intensities of the assessed arteries and the structural similarity consistently decreased as the compressed sensitivity encoding acceleration factor increased, and no significant difference was found for the contrast ratios in pair-wise comparisons among SF2, CS2, and CS4. Qualitative evaluations showed no significant difference in pair-wise comparisons among RS, SF2, and CS2 ( P  &gt; .05). The visualization of all the assessed arteries was acceptable for CS2 and CS4, while 2 small arteries in images of CS6 were not reliably displayed, and the visualization of large arteries was acceptable in images of CS8 and CS10.

CONCLUSIONS: CS4 is recommended for routine brain TOF-MRA with balanced image quality and acquisition time; CS6, for examinations when small arteries are not evaluated; and CS10, for fast visualization of large arteries.

ACA
:   anterior cerebral artery
BA
:   basilar artery
CR
:   contrast ratio
CS
:   compressed sensing
L
:   left
R
:   right
RS
:   reference sequence without SENSE or CS-SENSE acceleration
RSI
:   reconstructed signal intensity
SENSE
:   sensitivity encoding
SF
:   SENSE technique with acceleration factors
SSIM
:   structural similarity index
VA
:   vertebral artery
PCA
:   posterior cerebral artery" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/7/1208" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical practice of three-dimensional TOF-MRA, despite its capability in brain artery assessment, has been hampered by the relatively long scan time, while recent developments in fast imaging techniques with random undersampling has shed light on an improved balance between image quality and imaging speed. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of TOF-MRA accelerated by compressed sensitivity encoding and to identify the optimal acceleration factors for routine clinical use.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred subjects, enrolled at 5 centers, underwent 8 brain TOF-MRA sequences: 5 sequences using compressed sensitivity encoding with acceleration factors of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (CS2, CS4, CS6, CS8, and CS10), 2 using sensitivity encoding with factors of 2 and 4 (SF2 and SF4), and 1 without acceleration as a reference sequence (RS). Five large arteries, 6 medium arteries, and 6 small arteries were evaluated quantitatively (reconstructed signal intensity, structural similarity, contrast ratio) and qualitatively (scores on arteries, artifacts, overall image quality, and diagnostic confidence for aneurysm and stenosis). Comparisons were performed among the 8 sequences.

RESULTS: The quantitative measurements showed that the reconstructed signal intensities of the assessed arteries and the structural similarity consistently decreased as the compressed sensitivity encoding acceleration factor increased, and no significant difference was found for the contrast ratios in pair-wise comparisons among SF2, CS2, and CS4. Qualitative evaluations showed no significant difference in pair-wise comparisons among RS, SF2, and CS2 ( P  &gt; .05). The visualization of all the assessed arteries was acceptable for CS2 and CS4, while 2 small arteries in images of CS6 were not reliably displayed, and the visualization of large arteries was acceptable in images of CS8 and CS10.

CONCLUSIONS: CS4 is recommended for routine brain TOF-MRA with balanced image quality and acquisition time; CS6, for examinations when small arteries are not evaluated; and CS10, for fast visualization of large arteries.

ACA
:   anterior cerebral artery
BA
:   basilar artery
CR
:   contrast ratio
CS
:   compressed sensing
L
:   left
R
:   right
RS
:   reference sequence without SENSE or CS-SENSE acceleration
RSI
:   reconstructed signal intensity
SENSE
:   sensitivity encoding
SF
:   SENSE technique with acceleration factors
SSIM
:   structural similarity index
VA
:   vertebral artery
PCA
:   posterior cerebral artery" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node91823--7" data-node-nid="91823" id="top-node-91823--8993838873" data-pisa="ajnr;42/7/1208" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7091" data-apath="/ajnr/42/7/1208.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-overline"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-article-type highwire-cite-metadata">Research Article</span><span class="separator-pipe"></span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-art-cat highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="wrapper">Adult Brain</span></span></div>
  
      <div class="highwire-cite-access"><span class="highwire-citation-access"><i class="highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access open-access hw-icon-open-access" title="Open Access" aria-hidden="true"></i><span  class="element-invisible highwire-access-icon highwire-access-icon-open-access" style="">Open Access</span></span></div>
  
      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">J. Ding</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">Y. Duan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Z. Zhuo</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">Y. Yuan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">G. Zhang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">Q. Song</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">B. Gao</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">B. Zhang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">M. Wang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9">L. Yang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10">Y. Hou</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11">J. Yuan</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12">C. Feng</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13">J. Wang</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14">L. Lin</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15">Y. Liu</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">July 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1208-1215; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7091 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-91823--8993838873" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Ding </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BDing%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Ding%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BDing%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-393X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Ding</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-1"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Duan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BDuan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Duan%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BDuan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-0260" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Duan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-2"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Z. Zhuo </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Z.%2BZhuo%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhuo%20Z&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AZ.%2BZhuo%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6635-8705" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Z. Zhuo</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-3"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Yuan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (Y.Y., G.Z.), Beijing Royal Integrative Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BYuan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yuan%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BYuan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-8966" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Yuan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-4"><div class="author-tooltip-name">G. Zhang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>b</span>Department of Radiology (Y.Y., G.Z.), Beijing Royal Integrative Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=G.%2BZhang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhang%20G&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AG.%2BZhang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-1109" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for G. Zhang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-5"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Q. Song </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (Q.S., B.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Q.%2BSong%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Song%20Q&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AQ.%2BSong%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-7211" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Q. Song</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-6"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. Gao </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>c</span>Department of Radiology (Q.S., B.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.%2BGao%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Gao%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.%2BGao%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-8675" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B. Gao</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-7"><div class="author-tooltip-name">B. Zhang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology (B.Z., M.W.), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=B.%2BZhang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Zhang%20B&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AB.%2BZhang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3953-0290" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for B. Zhang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-8"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Wang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>d</span>Department of Radiology (B.Z., M.W.), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=M.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20M&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AM.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1515-3133" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for M. Wang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-9"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Yang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (L.Y., Y.H.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BYang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yang%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BYang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-1450" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Yang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-10"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Hou </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>e</span>Department of Radiology (L.Y., Y.H.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BHou%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Hou%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BHou%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9184-5441" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Hou</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-11"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Yuan </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BYuan%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Yuan%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BYuan%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1417-5552" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Yuan</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-12"><div class="author-tooltip-name">C. Feng </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=C.%2BFeng%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Feng%20C&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AC.%2BFeng%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7201-0684" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for C. Feng</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-13"><div class="author-tooltip-name">J. Wang </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Philips Healthcare (J.W., L.L.), Beijing, P.R. China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=J.%2BWang%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Wang%20J&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AJ.%2BWang%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1182-442X" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for J. Wang</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-14"><div class="author-tooltip-name">L. Lin </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>f</span>Philips Healthcare (J.W., L.L.), Beijing, P.R. China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=L.%2BLin%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Lin%20L&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AL.%2BLin%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-3136" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for L. Lin</a></li></ul></div><div class="author-tooltip-15"><div class="author-tooltip-name">Y. Liu </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>From the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</div></span></div><ul class="author-tooltip-find-more"><li class="author-tooltip-gs-link first"><a href="/lookup/google-scholar?link_type=googlescholar&amp;gs_type=author&amp;author%5B0%5D=Y.%2BLiu%2B" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on Google Scholar</a></li><li class="author-tooltip-pubmed-link"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=Liu%20Y&amp;link_type=AUTHORSEARCH" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Find this author on PubMed</a></li><li class="author-site-search-link"><a href="/search/author1%3AY.%2BLiu%2B" rel="nofollow" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">Search for this author on this site</a></li><li class="author-orcid-link last"><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-0331" target="_blank" class="" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">ORCID record for Y. Liu</a></li></ul></div></div></div>  </div>

  
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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="content-block-markup" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="contributors"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1"><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1"><span class="name">J. Ding</span><a id="xref-aff-1-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-2"><span class="name">Y. Duan</span><a id="xref-aff-1-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-3"><span class="name">Z. Zhuo</span><a id="xref-aff-1-3" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-4"><span class="name">Y. Yuan</span><a id="xref-aff-2-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-5"><span class="name">G. Zhang</span><a id="xref-aff-2-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-2">b</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-6"><span class="name">Q. Song</span><a id="xref-aff-3-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-7"><span class="name">B. Gao</span><a id="xref-aff-3-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-3">c</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-8"><span class="name">B. Zhang</span><a id="xref-aff-4-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-4">d</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-9"><span class="name">M. Wang</span><a id="xref-aff-4-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-4">d</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-10"><span class="name">L. Yang</span><a id="xref-aff-5-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-11"><span class="name">Y. Hou</span><a id="xref-aff-5-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-5">e</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-12"><span class="name">J. Yuan</span><a id="xref-aff-1-4" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-13"><span class="name">C. Feng</span><a id="xref-aff-1-5" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-14"><span class="name">J. Wang</span><a id="xref-aff-6-1" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a>, </li><li class="contributor" id="contrib-15"><span class="name">L. Lin</span><a id="xref-aff-6-2" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-6">f</a> and </li><li class="last" id="contrib-16"><span class="name">Y. Liu</span><a id="xref-aff-1-6" class="xref-aff" href="#aff-1">a</a></li></ol><ol class="affiliation-list"><li class="aff"><a id="aff-1" name="aff-1"></a><address><sup>a</sup>From the Department of Radiology (J.D., Y.D., Z.Z., J.Y., C.F., Y.L.), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-2" name="aff-2"></a><address><sup>b</sup>Department of Radiology (Y.Y., G.Z.), Beijing Royal Integrative Medicine Hospital, Beijing, China</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-3" name="aff-3"></a><address><sup>c</sup>Department of Radiology (Q.S., B.G.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-4" name="aff-4"></a><address><sup>d</sup>Department of Radiology (B.Z., M.W.), The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu, China</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-5" name="aff-5"></a><address><sup>e</sup>Department of Radiology (L.Y., Y.H.), Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China</address></li><li class="aff"><a id="aff-6" name="aff-6"></a><address><sup>f</sup>Philips Healthcare (J.W., L.L.), Beijing, P.R. China</address></li></ol><ol class="corresp-list"><li class="corresp" id="corresp-1">Please address correspondence to Yaou Liu, MD, PhD, <span class="addr-line">Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. No.119, West Southern 4th Ring Rd, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China</span>; e-mail: <span class="em-link"><span class="em-addr">yaouliu80{at}163.com</span></span></li></ol></div></div><a href="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/7/1208.full" class="hw-link hw-link-article-full-text" data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">View Full Text</a></div>  </div>

  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ding</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Duan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhuo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yuan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Q.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Song</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yuan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Feng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1208-1215; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7091 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Acceleration of Brain TOF-MRA with Compressed Sensitivity Encoding: A Multicenter Clinical Study</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Ding</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Duan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Z.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhuo</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yuan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">G.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">Q.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Song</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Gao</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">B.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Zhang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="9"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="10"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Hou</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="11"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Yuan</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="12"><span class="nlm-given-names">C.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Feng</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="13"><span class="nlm-given-names">J.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Wang</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="14"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Lin</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="15"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1208-1215; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7091 </span></div>
  
  
  
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