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<meta name="DC.Title" content="Iatrogenic Foreign Materials Associated with Retrieved Clot Tissue via Mechanical Thrombectomy" />
<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="10.3174/ajnr.A7106" />
<meta name="DC.Date" content="2021-07-01" />
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<meta name="DC.Description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hydrophilic polymers and polytetrafluoroethylene liners, commonly used in the construction of endovascular devices, occasionally separate from devices with subsequent embolization. We determined the frequency of such materials in thrombus specimens retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy in patients with stroke.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed H&amp;E–stained thrombus sections for presence and types of foreign materials. We identified 4 types of foreign materials—Type I: material was light green with refraction and had a homogeneous texture; type II: material was light gray and/or dark gray, thin, and loose or attenuated in texture; type III: material was light green with refraction, solitary in texture, irregular in shape, and was often associated with round or oval bubblelike particles and/or diffuse black particles; and type IV: material had homogeneous texture and was light pink or red. In addition, polymer materials from different layers of used mechanical thrombectomy catheters were compared with the foreign materials found in thrombus specimens.

RESULTS: A total of 101 thrombi were evaluated. Foreign materials were found in 53 (52.5%) thrombus samples. The most common type was type I (92%), followed by type II (30%). The histopathologic features of the polymer materials from mechanical thrombectomy catheters were similar to the foreign materials found in thrombus specimens. The inner polytetrafluoroethylene liner and coating layer of catheters resembled type I and type II of the foreign materials, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Foreign polymer materials are present in approximately half of retrieved thrombi, most commonly polytetrafluoroethylene from catheter liners and less from hydrophilic coatings.

ASP
:   aspiration
MT
:   mechanical thrombectomy
PTFE
:   polytetrafluoroethylene" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="M. Abbasi" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D. Dai" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Y. Liu" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="S. Fitzgerald" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="R. Kadirvel" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="L.E. Savastano" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="H. Cloft" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="D.F. Kallmes" />
<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="W. Brinjikji" />
<meta name="article:published_time" content="2021-07-01" />
<meta name="article:section" content="Interventional" />
<meta name="citation_title" content="Iatrogenic Foreign Materials Associated with Retrieved Clot Tissue via Mechanical Thrombectomy" />
<meta name="citation_abstract" lang="en" content="&lt;h3&gt;BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Hydrophilic polymers and polytetrafluoroethylene liners, commonly used in the construction of endovascular devices, occasionally separate from devices with subsequent embolization. We determined the frequency of such materials in thrombus specimens retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy in patients with stroke.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;MATERIALS AND METHODS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;We retrospectively reviewed H&amp;amp;E–stained thrombus sections for presence and types of foreign materials. We identified 4 types of foreign materials—Type I: material was light green with refraction and had a homogeneous texture; type II: material was light gray and/or dark gray, thin, and loose or attenuated in texture; type III: material was light green with refraction, solitary in texture, irregular in shape, and was often associated with round or oval bubblelike particles and/or diffuse black particles; and type IV: material had homogeneous texture and was light pink or red. In addition, polymer materials from different layers of used mechanical thrombectomy catheters were compared with the foreign materials found in thrombus specimens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A total of 101 thrombi were evaluated. Foreign materials were found in 53 (52.5%) thrombus samples. The most common type was type I (92%), followed by type II (30%). The histopathologic features of the polymer materials from mechanical thrombectomy catheters were similar to the foreign materials found in thrombus specimens. The inner polytetrafluoroethylene liner and coating layer of catheters resembled type I and type II of the foreign materials, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Foreign polymer materials are present in approximately half of retrieved thrombi, most commonly polytetrafluoroethylene from catheter liners and less from hydrophilic coatings.&lt;/p&gt;" />
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="Iatrogenic Foreign Materials Associated with Retrieved Clot Tissue via Mechanical Thrombectomy" />
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hydrophilic polymers and polytetrafluoroethylene liners, commonly used in the construction of endovascular devices, occasionally separate from devices with subsequent embolization. We determined the frequency of such materials in thrombus specimens retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy in patients with stroke.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed H&amp;E–stained thrombus sections for presence and types of foreign materials. We identified 4 types of foreign materials—Type I: material was light green with refraction and had a homogeneous texture; type II: material was light gray and/or dark gray, thin, and loose or attenuated in texture; type III: material was light green with refraction, solitary in texture, irregular in shape, and was often associated with round or oval bubblelike particles and/or diffuse black particles; and type IV: material had homogeneous texture and was light pink or red. In addition, polymer materials from different layers of used mechanical thrombectomy catheters were compared with the foreign materials found in thrombus specimens.

RESULTS: A total of 101 thrombi were evaluated. Foreign materials were found in 53 (52.5%) thrombus samples. The most common type was type I (92%), followed by type II (30%). The histopathologic features of the polymer materials from mechanical thrombectomy catheters were similar to the foreign materials found in thrombus specimens. The inner polytetrafluoroethylene liner and coating layer of catheters resembled type I and type II of the foreign materials, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Foreign polymer materials are present in approximately half of retrieved thrombi, most commonly polytetrafluoroethylene from catheter liners and less from hydrophilic coatings.

ASP
:   aspiration
MT
:   mechanical thrombectomy
PTFE
:   polytetrafluoroethylene" />
<meta name="og-title" property="og:title" content="Iatrogenic Foreign Materials Associated with Retrieved Clot Tissue via Mechanical Thrombectomy" />
<meta name="og-url" property="og:url" content="http://ajnr-stage2.stage.highwire.org/content/42/7/1239" />
<meta name="og-site-name" property="og:site_name" content="American Journal of Neuroradiology" />
<meta name="og-description" property="og:description" content="BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hydrophilic polymers and polytetrafluoroethylene liners, commonly used in the construction of endovascular devices, occasionally separate from devices with subsequent embolization. We determined the frequency of such materials in thrombus specimens retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy in patients with stroke.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed H&amp;E–stained thrombus sections for presence and types of foreign materials. We identified 4 types of foreign materials—Type I: material was light green with refraction and had a homogeneous texture; type II: material was light gray and/or dark gray, thin, and loose or attenuated in texture; type III: material was light green with refraction, solitary in texture, irregular in shape, and was often associated with round or oval bubblelike particles and/or diffuse black particles; and type IV: material had homogeneous texture and was light pink or red. In addition, polymer materials from different layers of used mechanical thrombectomy catheters were compared with the foreign materials found in thrombus specimens.

RESULTS: A total of 101 thrombi were evaluated. Foreign materials were found in 53 (52.5%) thrombus samples. The most common type was type I (92%), followed by type II (30%). The histopathologic features of the polymer materials from mechanical thrombectomy catheters were similar to the foreign materials found in thrombus specimens. The inner polytetrafluoroethylene liner and coating layer of catheters resembled type I and type II of the foreign materials, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: Foreign polymer materials are present in approximately half of retrieved thrombi, most commonly polytetrafluoroethylene from catheter liners and less from hydrophilic coatings.

ASP
:   aspiration
MT
:   mechanical thrombectomy
PTFE
:   polytetrafluoroethylene" />
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    <div class="highwire-article-citation highwire-citation-type-highwire-article node91822--5" data-node-nid="91822" id="top-node-91822--61426582107" data-pisa="ajnr;42/7/1239" data-pisa-master="ajnr;ajnr.A7106" data-apath="/ajnr/42/7/1239.atom" data-hw-author-tooltip-instance="highwire_author_tooltip"><div class="highwire-cite highwire-cite-highwire-article highwire-citation-jcore-article-title-complete clearfix has-author-tooltip highwire-citation-highwire-article-top-a">
  
  
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      <h1 class="highwire-cite-title" id="page-title">Iatrogenic Foreign Materials Associated with Retrieved Clot Tissue via Mechanical Thrombectomy</h1>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0">M. Abbasi</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1">D. Dai</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2">Y. Liu</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3">S. Fitzgerald</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4">R. Kadirvel</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5">L.E. Savastano</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6">H. Cloft</span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7">D.F. Kallmes</span> and <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8">W. Brinjikji</span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">July 2021,  </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1239-1249; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata">DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A7106 </span></div>
  
  
  
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<div id="hw-article-author-popups-top-node-91822--61426582107" style="display: none;"><div class="author-tooltip-0"><div class="author-tooltip-name">M. Abbasi </div><div class="author-tooltip-affiliation"><span class="author-tooltip-text"><div class='author-affiliation'><span class='nlm-sup'>a</span>Departments of Radiology (M.A., D.D., Y.L., S.F., R.K., L.E.S., H.C., D.F.K. 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    <div class="highwire-markup"><div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="section ref-list" id="ref-list-1"><h2 class="">References</h2><ol class="cit-list ref-use-labels"><li><span class="ref-label">1.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-1-1" title="View reference 1. in text" id="ref-1">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-42.7.1239.1" data-doi="10.1097/PAS.0b013e318165582a"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Fealey</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">ME</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Edwards</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">WD</span></span>, </li><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Giannini</span>  <span class="cit-name-given-names">C</span></span>, <span class="cit-etal">et al</span></li></ol><cite>. <span class="cit-article-title">Complications of 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catheterization and hydrophilic sheaths</span>. <abbr class="cit-jnl-abbrev">Catheter Cardiovasc Interv</abbr> <span class="cit-pub-date">2003</span>;<span class="cit-vol">59</span>:<span class="cit-fpage">207</span>–<span class="cit-lpage">13</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-doi-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-doi"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-doi">doi:</span>10.1002/ccd.10522</span><span class="cit-pub-id-sep cit-pub-id-pmid-sep"> </span><span class="cit-pub-id cit-pub-id-pmid"><span class="cit-pub-id-scheme-pmid">pmid:</span>12772242</span></cite></div><div class="cit-extra"><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/ccd.10522&amp;link_type=DOI" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-doi cit-ref-sprinkles-crossref"><span>CrossRef</span></a><a href="/lookup/external-ref?access_num=12772242&amp;link_type=MED&amp;atom=%2Fajnr%2F42%2F7%2F1239.atom" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-medline"><span>PubMed</span></a><a 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href="/lookup/ijlink/YTozOntzOjQ6InBhdGgiO3M6MTQ6Ii9sb29rdXAvaWpsaW5rIjtzOjU6InF1ZXJ5IjthOjQ6e3M6ODoibGlua1R5cGUiO3M6NDoiQUJTVCI7czoxMToiam91cm5hbENvZGUiO3M6MTE6Im5ldXJpbnRzdXJnIjtzOjU6InJlc2lkIjtzOjEwOiIxMS8xMi8xMTkxIjtzOjQ6ImF0b20iO3M6MjA6Ii9ham5yLzQyLzcvMTIzOS5hdG9tIjt9czo4OiJmcmFnbWVudCI7czowOiIiO30=" class="cit-ref-sprinkles cit-ref-sprinkles-ijlink"><span><span class="cit-reflinks-abstract">Abstract</span><span class="cit-sep cit-reflinks-variant-name-sep">/</span><span class="cit-reflinks-full-text"><span class="free-full-text">FREE </span>Full Text</span></span></a></div></div></li><li><span class="ref-label">14.</span><a class="rev-xref-ref" href="#xref-ref-14-1" title="View reference 14. in text" id="ref-14">↵</a><div class="cit ref-cit ref-journal" id="cit-42.7.1239.14" data-doi="10.1016/j.amjmed.2017.01.032"><div class="cit-metadata"><ol class="cit-auth-list"><li><span class="cit-auth"><span class="cit-name-surname">Mehta</span>  <span 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    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Abbasi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dai</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fitzgerald</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kadirvel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Savastano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cloft</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kallmes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brinjikji</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1239-1249; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7106 </span></div>
  
  
  
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      <div class="highwire-cite-title">Iatrogenic Foreign Materials Associated with Retrieved Clot Tissue via Mechanical Thrombectomy</div>  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-authors"><span  class="highwire-citation-authors"><span class="highwire-citation-author first" data-delta="0"><span class="nlm-given-names">M.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Abbasi</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="1"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Dai</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="2"><span class="nlm-given-names">Y.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Liu</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="3"><span class="nlm-given-names">S.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Fitzgerald</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="4"><span class="nlm-given-names">R.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kadirvel</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="5"><span class="nlm-given-names">L.E.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Savastano</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="6"><span class="nlm-given-names">H.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Cloft</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="7"><span class="nlm-given-names">D.F.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Kallmes</span></span>, <span class="highwire-citation-author" data-delta="8"><span class="nlm-given-names">W.</span> <span class="nlm-surname">Brinjikji</span></span></span></div>
  
    	<div class="highwire-cite-metadata"><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-oa-ind highwire-cite-metadata"><i class="highwire-oa-indicator"></i> </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-journal highwire-cite-metadata">American Journal of Neuroradiology </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-date highwire-cite-metadata">Jul 2021, </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-volume highwire-cite-metadata">42 </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-issue highwire-cite-metadata">(7) </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-pages highwire-cite-metadata">1239-1249; </span><span  class="highwire-cite-metadata-doi highwire-cite-metadata"><span class="label">DOI:</span> 10.3174/ajnr.A7106 </span></div>
  
  
  
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